Miralda diadema

Miralda diadema
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia ; clade Euthyneura ; clade Panpulmonata
Superfamily:	Pyramidelloidea
Family:	Pyramidellidae
Genus:	Miralda
Species:	M. diadema
Binomial name
	Miralda diadema; (A. Adams, 1860) [1]
Synonyms [2]
	Odostomia (Miralda) diadema (A. Adams, 1860); Parthenia diadema A. Adams, 1860 (basionym);

Last updated April 25, 2019

Miralda diadema is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. ^[2]

In biology, a species ( ) is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Sea snail is a common name for snails that normally live in salt water, in other words marine gastropods. The taxonomic class Gastropoda also includes snails that live in other habitats, such as land snails and freshwater snails. Many species of sea snails are edible and exploited as food sources by humans.

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as being the "walnut family".

Description

Apertural view of Miralda diadema Miralda diadema 003.png — Apertural view of *Miralda diadema*

The white, small shell grows to a length of 1.8 mm. It is subovate, minutely umbilicated, with the summits of the whorls decidedly tabulated. The two helicoid whorls of the protoconch are moderately large, and about one-third immersed in the later whorls. The five whorls of the teleoconch are moderately rounded, decidedly tabulated at the summit,. They are ornamented by rounded, axial ribs which quickly diminish in strength as they pass from the summit of the whorls to the periphery. Sixteen of these ribs occur upon the second, and twenty upon the penultimate whorl. The ribs are thickened at the anterior termination of the shoulder and render it decidedly crenulated. The intercostal spaces are a little wider than the ribs. In addition to the axial ribs the whorls are marked by strong spiral cords, two of which can be seen between the sutures on the first and second and four and one-half upon the penultimate whorl. The junction of the posterior one of these two cords and the axial ribs form a series of tubercles. The anterior cord is only slightly tuberculated, the ribs extending only feebly to it. The periphery and the base of the body whorl are well rounded, the latter decidedly attenuated and marked by seven subequal and subequally spaced spiral keels. The suboval aperture is large. The posterior angle is very obtuse. The outer lip is thick. The columella is re-enforced by the attenuated base, curved. It is provided with a conspicuous obliquie fold near its insertion. The parietal wall is covered by a moderately thick callus. ^[2]

The umbilicus of a shell is the axially aligned, hollow cone-shaped space within the whorls of a coiled mollusc shell. The term umbilicus is often used in descriptions of gastropod shells, i.e. it is a feature present on the ventral side of many snail shells, including some species of sea snails, land snails, and freshwater snails.

A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the ammonites.

A protoconch is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called "nucleus". The protoconch may sometimes consist of several whorls, but when this is the case, the whorls show no growth lines.

Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Japan and the Philippines .

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian continent and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea in the south.

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east, and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.

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References

↑ . Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI. 1860. p.479.
1 2 3 Dall & Bartsch, Notes on Japanese, Indo-Pacific and American Pyramidellidae; Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, vol XXX n° 1452; 1906

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[1] . Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI. 1860. p.479.

[Dall-2] 1 2 3 Dall & Bartsch, Notes on Japanese, Indo-Pacific and American Pyramidellidae; Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, vol XXX n° 1452; 1906