Mitochondrial translational release factor 1

MTRF1
Identifiers
Aliases	MTRF1 , MRF1, MTTRF1, RF1, mitochondrial translational release factor 1, mitochondrial translation release factor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 604601 MGI: 2384815 HomoloGene: 20903 GeneCards: MTRF1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 13 (human)
End	41,263,577 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (mouse)
End	79,661,027 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	body of pancreas; ; rectum; ; right adrenal gland; ; gallbladder; ; left adrenal gland; ; body of stomach; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; lymph node; ; spleen; ; monocyte;
	Top expressed in
	left ventricle; ; interventricular septum; ; quadriceps femoris muscle; ; muscle tissue; ; proximal tubule; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; ovary; ; liver; ; secondary oocyte; ; spermatocyte;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	translation release factor activity ; translation release factor activity, codon specific ; ribosome binding ;
Cellular component	mitochondrion ; cytoplasm ;
Biological process	translational termination ; regulation of translational termination ; protein biosynthesis ; mitochondrial translational termination ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	9617
	211253
	ENSG00000120662
	ENSMUSG00000022022
	O75570 ; Q8N6Z2
	Q8K126
	NM_004294 ; NM_001354073 ; NM_001354074 ; NM_001354076
	NM_145960
	NP_004285 ; NP_001341002 ; NP_001341003 ; NP_001341005
	NP_666072
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated December 04, 2023

Mitochondrial translational release factor 1, also known as MTRF1 is a human gene.^[5]^[6]

The protein encoded by this gene directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons. Initially thought to have a role in the termination of mitochondria protein synthesis. mtRF1 has been hypothesized to recognize non-standard stop codons AGA and AGG in vertebrates. Alternatively, based on detailed 3D modelling, it has been proposed to recognize stalled ribosomes in which a tRNA is still bound to the peptide chain, but in which the A-site of the ribosome is empty.

Related Research Articles

In molecular biology, a stop codon is a codon that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein. Most codons in messenger RNA correspond to the addition of an amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain, which may ultimately become a protein; stop codons signal the termination of this process by binding release factors, which cause the ribosomal subunits to disassociate, releasing the amino acid chain.

In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time. Each such triple results in addition of one specific amino acid to the protein being generated. The matching from nucleotide triple to amino acid is called the genetic code. The translation is performed by a large complex of functional RNA and proteins called ribosomes. The entire process is called gene expression.

Bacterial translation is the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in bacteria.

A release factor is a protein that allows for the termination of translation by recognizing the termination codon or stop codon in an mRNA sequence. They are named so because they release new peptides from the ribosome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eukaryotic translation termination factor 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Eukaryotic translation termination factor 1 (eRF1), also known as TB3-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETF1 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L28, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL28 gene.

28S ribosomal protein S7, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS7 gene.

28S ribosomal protein S22, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS22 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L12, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL12 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L11, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL11 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L22, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL22 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L20, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL20 gene.

28S ribosomal protein S24, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS24 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L1, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL1 gene.

Translation initiation factor IF-2, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTIF2 gene.

28S ribosomal protein S26, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS26 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L24, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL24 gene.

28S ribosomal protein S21, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS21 gene.

28S ribosomal protein S25, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS25 gene.

Mitochondrial translational release factor 1-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTRF1L gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120662 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022022 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Zhang Y, Spremulli LL (November 1998). "Identification and cloning of human mitochondrial translational release factor 1 and the ribosome recycling factor". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1443 (1–2): 245–50. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(98)00223-1. PMID 9838146.
↑ Hansen LL, Jørgensen R, Justesen J (2000). "Assignment of the human mitochondrial translational release factor 1 (MTRF1) to chromosome 13q14.1→q14.3 and of the human mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (MRRF) to chromosome 9q32→q34.1 with radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 88 (1–2): 91–2. doi:10.1159/000015494. PMID 10773675. S2CID 1354562.

Nozaki Y, Matsunaga N, Ishizawa T, et al. (2008). "HMRF1L is a human mitochondrial translation release factor involved in the decoding of the termination codons UAA and UAG". Genes Cells. 13 (5): 429–38. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2008.01181.x . PMID 18429816. S2CID 21204094.
Dunham A, Matthews LH, Burton J, et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13". Nature. 428 (6982): 522–8. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..522D. doi:10.1038/nature02379. PMC 2665288 . PMID 15057823.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Research. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nature Genetics. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Soleimanpour-Lichaei HR, Kühl I, Gaisne M, et al. (2007). "mtRF1a is a human mitochondrial translation release factor decoding the major termination codons UAA and UAG". Molecular Cell. 27 (5): 745–57. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.031. PMC 1976341 . PMID 17803939.
Young DJ, Edgar CD, Murphy J, et al. (2010). "Bioinformatic, structural, and functional analyses support release factor-like MTRF1 as a protein able to decode nonstandard stop codons beginning with adenine in vertebrate mitochondria". RNA. 16 (6): 1146–55. doi:10.1261/rna.1970310. PMC 2874167 . PMID 20421313.
Huynen, MA, Martijn; Duarte I; Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZM; Nabuurs SB. (8 May 2012). "Structure based hypothesis of a mitochondrial ribosome rescue mechanism". Biology Direct. 7 (1): 14. doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-7-14 . PMC 3418547 . PMID 22569235.
Lind, C; Sund J; Åqvist J (2013). "Codon-reading specificities of mitochondrial release factors and translation termination at non-standard stop codons". Nature Communications. 4: 2940. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2940L. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3940 . PMID 24352605.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120662 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022022 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9838146-5] Zhang Y, Spremulli LL (November 1998). "Identification and cloning of human mitochondrial translational release factor 1 and the ribosome recycling factor". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1443 (1–2): 245–50. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(98)00223-1. PMID 9838146.

[pmid10773675-6] Hansen LL, Jørgensen R, Justesen J (2000). "Assignment of the human mitochondrial translational release factor 1 (MTRF1) to chromosome 13q14.1→q14.3 and of the human mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (MRRF) to chromosome 9q32→q34.1 with radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 88 (1–2): 91–2. doi:10.1159/000015494. PMID 10773675. S2CID 1354562.

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Mitochondrial translational release factor 1

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading