The United Arab Republic,or simply the Arab Republic or Arabia,was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1971. It was initially a political union between Egypt and Syria from 1958 until Syria seceded from the union after the 1961 Syrian coup d'état. Egypt continued to be known officially as the United Arab Republic until 1971.
Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt,from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952,and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser,under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. In 1978,Sadat and Menachem Begin,Prime Minister of Israel,signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President Jimmy Carter,for which they were recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize.
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was an Egyptian politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member,he cracked down on the organization,put President Mohamed Naguib under house arrest and assumed executive office. He was formally elected president in June 1956.
Boutros Boutros-Ghali was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who served as the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) from 1992 to 1996. An academic who previously served as acting foreign minister and vice foreign minister of Egypt,Boutros-Ghali oversaw the UN over a period coinciding with several world crises,including the Breakup of Yugoslavia and the Rwandan genocide. He went on to serve as the first Secretary-General of La Francophonie from 1997 to 2002.
The President of Egyptis the executive head of state of Egypt and the de facto appointer of the official head of government under the Egyptian Constitution of 2014. Under the various iterations of the Constitution of Egypt following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952,the president is also the supreme commander of the Armed Forces,and head of the executive branch of the Egyptian government. The current president is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi,who has been in office since 8 June 2014.
According to most scholars the history of modern Egypt dates from the start of Muhammad Ali's rule in 1805 and his launching of Egypt's modernization project that involved building a new army and suggesting a new map for the country,though the definition of Egypt's modern history has varied in accordance with different definitions of modernity. Some scholars date it as far back as 1516 with the Ottomans' defeat of the Mamlūks in 1516–17.
Mohamed Hassanein Heikal was an Egyptian journalist. For 17 years (1957–1974),he was editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram and was a commentator on Arab affairs for more than 50 years.
Mustafa Khalil was an Egyptian politician and Prime Minister of Egypt from October 2,1978 to May 15,1980. Khalil also served as the Egyptian Foreign Minister from February 17,1979 until May 15,1980 upon the resignation of the position's incumbent over objections on peace talks between Egypt and Israel. Khalil was best known for his integral role in the negotiations that led to the 1979 Camp David Accord peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.
Saad el-Din Mohamed el-Husseiny el-Shazly was an Egyptian military commander. He was Egypt's chief of staff during the October War. Following his public criticism of the Camp David Accords,he resigned from his post as Ambassador to Britain and Portugal and went to Algeria as a political refugee.
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Osama El-Baz was an Egyptian diplomat and a senior advisor to former President Hosni Mubarak.
Abdel Latif Boghdadi or Abd el-Latif el-Baghdadi was an Egyptian politician,senior air force officer,and judge. An original member of the Free Officers Movement which overthrew the monarchy in Egypt in the 1952 Revolution,Boghdadi later served as Gamal Abdel Nasser's vice president. The French author Jean Lacouture called Boghdadi "a robust manager" who only lacked "stature comparable to Nasser's." The two leaders had a falling out over Nasser's increasingly socialist and pro-USSR policies and Boghdadi subsequently withdrew from political life in 1964,although he mended ties with Nasser before the latter's death in 1970.
Abdel Hamid Sarraj was a Syrian Army officer and politician. When the union between Egypt and Syria was declared,Sarraj,a staunch Arab nationalist and supporter of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser,played a key role in the leadership of the Syrian region of the UAR.
Mohamed Kamel Amr is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who served as Egypt's minister of foreign affairs between 2011 and 2013. He resigned from office on 30 June 2013.
Egypt–Syria relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic. Egypt has an embassy in Damascus. Syria has an embassy in Cairo.
Mohamed Fawzi was an Egyptian general and politician who served as minister of defense.
The Syrian coup d'état of 1961 was an uprising by disgruntled Syrian Army officers on 28 September 1961,that resulted in the break-up of the United Arab Republic and the restoration of an independent Syrian Republic.
Omar Abdel Aziz Sharaf was an Egyptian career diplomat,an Assistant Secretary General of the Arab League,a Deputy Representative of the UNHCR for the Middle East,as well as an Omani and international diplomat. He was a Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star,a recipient of the Order of Merit,First Class,and a recipient of the Order of the Republic,Second Class. He was also a lawyer,a member of the Egyptian Bar association,who until his death in 1993,was Doyen of a family clan of diplomats,politicians,linguists and lawyers.
Al Arabi is a newspaper based in Cairo,Egypt. It is the organ of the Nasserist Party. In the 1990s the paper was one of the opposition publications. In 1998 one of the editors of the paper was arrested and given six-month prison sentence due to the alleged defamation of a pro-government writer,Tharwat Abaza. In 1999 the party declared that it could not finance the paper anymore,and the Egyptian government proposed to provide financial support to the paper. However,the party did not accept the proposal,but reduced the frequency of Al Arabi from daily to weekly.
