Deobandi is an Islamic revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that formed during the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Islamic seminary in the town of Deoband, India, from which the name derives. The seminary was founded by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and several other figures in 1866, eight years after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58; the Deobandi movement's political wing, Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism.
Wahhabism is a term used to refer to the Islamic revivalist movement within Sunni Islam; which is associated with the Hanbali reformist doctrines of the Arabian scholar Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792). It has been variously described as "orthodox", "puritan(ical)"; and as an Islamic "reform movement" to restore "pure monotheistic worship" by devotees. The term Wahhabi(sm) was not used by Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab himself, but it is chiefly used by outsiders polemically as an exonym and adherents reject its use, preferring to be called "Salafi", and view themselves as Muwahhid', to emphasize the principle of Tawhid. The term has also been described as a Sunniphobic slur. It adheres to the Athari theology.
Pakistan has the second-largest Muslim population in the world. Islam is the largest and the state religion of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan has been called a "global centre for political Islam". Pakistani nationalism is religious in nature being Islamic nationalism. Religion was the basis of Pakistani nationalist narrative.
Barelvi is a Sunni revivalist movement following the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, with over 200 million followers in South Asia and in parts of Europe, America and Africa. It is a broad Sufi-oriented movement that encompasses a variety of Sufi orders, including the Chistis, Qadiris, Soharwardis and Naqshbandis. The movement was developed under the leadership of Sufi scholar Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921) around 1870-1890, in opposition to contemporary revivalist Deobandi and Ahl-i Hadith movements.
Ahmed Raza Khan, commonly known as Ala Hazrat or Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi or Ahmed Rida Khan in Arabic,, was an Islamic scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic, Sufi, Urdu poet, and reformer in British India. Raza Khan wrote on law, religion, philosophy and the sciences. He became the leader of the Barelvi in South Asia and influenced millions of people.
A takfiri is a Muslim who commits takfir, i.e. accuses another Muslim(s) of apostasy, i.e. of not being a true Muslim(s), potentially a cause of strife and violence in the Muslim community (ummah), since the sharia punishment for apostacy is death. Takfirism has been called a "minority ideology" which "advocates the killing of other Muslims declared to be unbelievers".
Zakir Abdul Karim Naik is an Indian Islamic televangelist and preacher. Naik is renowned as a non-Arabic scholar, public orator, and an authority on comparative religion. He is the founder and president of the Islamic Research Foundation and the Peace TV Network, the largest religious satellite channel network in the world.
Many Islamic sects and groups have different understandings of Islam. There are different denominations, schools of jurisprudence, schools of theology or aqidah (creed). Within Islamic groups themselves there may be differences, such as different orders within Sufism, and within Sunni Islam different branches, and schools of jurisprudence. Groups in Islam may be quite large or relatively small in size. Differences between the groups may not be well known to Muslims outside of scholarly circles, or may have induced enough passion to have resulted in bloodshed at times. There are informal movements driven by ideas, and organized groups with a governing body. Some Islamic groups regard certain other Islamic groups as deviant and not truly Muslim. Some groups go back to the seventh century CE, others have arisen much more recently, or even in the 20th century. Still others were influential in their time, but are not longer in existence.
Syed Nazeer Husain Dehlawi was a leading scholar of the reformist Ahl-i Hadith movement and one of its major proponents in India. Earning the appellation shaykh al-kull for his authority among early Ahl-i Hadith scholars, he is regarded, alongside Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832–1890), as the founder of the movement and has been described as "perhaps the single most influential figure in the spread of the Ahl-i-Ḥadīth".
'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi was an Islamic scholar.
Shia and Sunni Islam are the two major denominations of Islam. The origin of their separation can be traced back to a dispute over the succession to the Islamic prophet Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community. After the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in AD 632, Sunni believed that Muhammad's successor should be Abu Bakr. A second group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Shia, believed that his successor should have been Ali. This dispute spread across various parts of the Muslim world, which eventually led to the Battle of Jamal and Battle of Siffin. The dispute intensified greatly after the Battle of Karbala, in which Hussein ibn Ali and his household were killed by the ruling Umayyad Caliph Yazid I, and the outcry for revenge divided the early Islamic community, which is known today as the Islamic schism to differentiate it from the Christian schism that happened later.
Peace TV is an Emirati religious satellite television network. It is the largest religious satellite television network in the world. Headquartered at Dubai, the network was founded on January 21, 2006 by Zakir Naik.
A number of minority groups within Islam have faced persecution by other Muslims for allegedly being incompatible with Sunni Islam.
The All India Ulama & Mashaikh Board (AIUMB) AIUMB advocates for a rejection of radical Islam, wahhabism and jihadism, for a restoration of Islamic holy places, and for proper representation of all Muslims. It has started a movement against hardline factions of Islam which it described as Wahhabis and Salafis.
Anti-Sunnism is hatred of, prejudice against, discrimination against, persecution of, and violence against Sunni Muslims.
Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi, is Sunni Sufi Islamic scholar associated with the Ahle Sunnat Barelvi organisation Raza Academy. He is also member of All India Muslim Personal Law Board and runs the prestigious Darul Qalam Madrassa. He founded the Qadri Mosque in Zakir Nagar locality of New Delhi and was an Urdu journalist in the past who edited monthly Kanzul Iman magazine from Delhi. In 1985 during Shah Bano case, he was elected vice president of prestigious All India Muslim Personal Law Board and propagated for the protection for Shariat. He led the community in various political and social demonstration to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims.
Starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, conservative-puritan interpretations of Sunni Islam favored by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have achieved what political scientist Gilles Kepel calls a "preeminent position of strength in the global expression of Islam." Until the 1990s Saudi break-up with Muslim Brotherhood, interpretations included not only Salafiyya Islam of Saudi Arabia, but also Islamist/revivalist Islam, and a "hybrid" of the two interpretations.
Sayed Tanveer Hashmi, also known as Tanveer Hashmi, is a Sufi leader and spiritual master From Bijapur Sharif, a Sufi shrine in Karnataka, India. Tanveer Hashmi is a patron of various academic, social, and other activities of Sufi Sunni Muslims in India. He belong to Hussiani Hashmi Family, the family of Ahle Bait. His official name in Shajra Shareef is Syed Mohiuddin Hussaini Hashmi Al-Qadri.
The 2016 conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny was convened to define the term "Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah", i.e. who are "the people of Sunnah and majority Muslim community", and oppose Takfiri groups. The conference was held in the Chechen Republic capital of Grozny from 25–27 August 2016, sponsored by the president of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, and attended by approximately 200 Muslim scholars from 30 countries, especially from Russia, Egypt, Syria, Libya, Kuwait, Sudan, Jordan, etc. at the invitation of Yemeni Sufi preacher, Ali al-Jifri.
All India Tanzeem Ulama-e-Islam (AITUI), also known as Tanzeem Ulama-e-Islam is an organisation of Bareilvi-Sunni Muslims. In 2019 an article in the Times of India via the Times News Network feed claimed AITUI was the predominant Sunni organization in the country.
