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Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may occur. The affected eye may have increased tears or be "stuck shut" in the morning. Swelling of the white part of the eye may also occur. Itching is more common in cases due to allergies. Conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes.
The Moraxellaceae are a family of Gammaproteobacteria, including a few pathogenic species. Others are harmless commensals of mammals and humans or occur in water or soil. The species are mesophilic or psychrotrophic (Psychrobacter).
Keratoconjunctivitis is inflammation ("-itis") of the cornea and conjunctiva.
A diplococcus is a round bacterium that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells.
M. bovis may refer to:
Neospora is a single celled parasite of livestock and companion animals. It was not discovered until 1984 in Norway, where it was found in dogs. Neosporosis, the disease that affects cattle and companion animals, has a worldwide distribution. Neosporosis causes abortions in cattle and paralysis in companion animals. It is highly transmissible and some herds can have up to a 90% prevalence. Up to 33% of pregnancies can result in aborted fetuses on one dairy farm. In many countries this organism is the main cause of abortion in cattle. Neosporosis is now considered as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. Many reliable diagnostic tests are commercially available. Neospora caninum does not appear to be infectious to humans. In dogs, Neospora caninum can cause neurological signs, especially in congenitally infected puppies, where it can form cysts in the central nervous system.
Moraxella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Moraxellaceae. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli, or as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive properties. M. catarrhalis is the clinically most important species under this genus.
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, New Forest eye or blight, is a veterinary infection of cattle caused by Moraxella bovis, a Gram-negative, β-haemolytic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It is spread by direct contact or by flies serving as vectors. It is the most common ocular disease of cattle. IBK is similar to human pink eye and causes severe infection of the conjunctiva, edema, corneal opacity, and ulceration. This disease is highly contagious and occurs worldwide. Younger animals are more susceptible, but recovery with minimal damage is usual, if they are treated early.
Torovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Nidovirales, in the family Tobaniviridae, in the subfamily Torovirinae. They primarily infect vertebrates, especially cattle, pig, and horse. Diseases associated with this genus include gastroenteritis, which commonly presents in mammals. Torovirus is the only genus in the monotypic subfamily Torovirinae. Torovirus is also a monotypic taxon, containing only one subgenus, Renitovirus..
Tulathromycin, sold under the brand name Draxxin among others, is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle and swine respiratory disease in pigs.
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is a retrovirus belonging to the genus Lentivirus. It is similar to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and infects cattle. The cells primarily infected are lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages.
Moraxella bovis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus implicated in infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, an eye disease of cattle, also colloquially known as pinkeye or New Forest eye. M.bovis was first associated with cattle pinkeye in 1915 in Bengal, India
Pinkeye or Pink Eye may refer to:
Moraxella atlantae is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from aerobic blood cultures from a female cancer patient. M. atlantae is a rare opportunistic pathogen which can usually be treated by common antibiotics.
Moraxella equi is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the eye of a horse.
Moraxella lincolnii is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the human respiratory tract.
Moraxella nonliquefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the upper respiratory tract of humans. M. nonliquefaciens occasionally causes disease.
Moraxella oblonga is a catalase- and oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the oral cavity of a sheep. Alysiella sp. was transferred to M. oblonga.
Moraxella pluranimalium is a Gram-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the nasal turbinate of a pig.
Moraxella porci is a Gram-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-endospore-forming bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the brain of a pig suffering from meningitis.
References
- ↑ LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de
- ↑ Straininfo of Moraxella bovoculi
- 1 2 Angelos, J. A.; Spinks, P. Q.; Ball, L. M.; George, L. W. (2007). "Moraxella bovoculi sp. nov., isolated from calves with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 57 (4): 789–95. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.64333-0 . PMID 17392208.
- ↑ Taxonomy Browser
- ↑ Minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobial agents for Moraxella bovoculi associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis John A. Angelos, Louise M. Ball, Barbara A. Byrne