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Lepidodendron is an extinct genus of primitive lycopodian vascular plants belonging the order Lepidodendrales. Like other Lepidodendrales, species of Lepidodendron grew as large-tree-like plants in wetland coal forest environments. They sometimes reached heights of 50 metres, and the trunks were often over 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter. They are often known as "scale trees", due to their bark being covered in diamond shaped leaf-bases, from which leaves grew during earlier stages of growth. They thrived during the Carboniferous Period, and persisted until the end of the Permian around 252 million years ago. Sometimes erroneously called "giant club mosses", the genus was actually more closely related to modern quillworts than to modern club mosses. Within the form classification system used within paleobotany, Lepidodendron is both used for the whole plant as well as specifically the stems and leaves.
The Ohio Range is a mountain range in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. It is about 48 km (30 mi) long and 16 km (10 mi) wide, extending WSW-ENE from Eldridge Peak to Mirsky Ledge. The range forms the northeast end of the Horlick Mountains and consists primarily of a large snow-topped plateau with steep northern cliffs and several flat-topped ridges and mountains. The highest point is the summit of Mount Schopf.
Glossopteris is the largest and best-known genus of the extinct Permian order of seed plants known as Glossopteridales. The genus Glossopteris refers only to leaves, within a framework of form genera used in paleobotany. Species of Glossopteris were the dominant trees of the middle to high-latitude lowland vegetation across the supercontinent Gondwana during the Permian Period. Glossopteris fossils were critical in recognizing former connections between the various fragments of Gondwana: South America, Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica.
The Usarp Mountains are a major Antarctic mountain range, lying west of the Rennick Glacier and trending north to south for about 190 kilometres (118 mi). The feature is bounded to the north by Pryor Glacier and the Wilson Hills.
The Hanson Formation is a geologic formation on Mount Kirkpatrick and north Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is one of the two major dinosaur-bearing rock groups found on Antarctica to date; the other is the Snow Hill Island Formation and related formations from the Late Cretaceous of the Antarctic Peninsula. The formation has yielded some Mesozoic specimens, but most of it is as yet unexcavated. Part of the Victoria Group of the Transantarctic Mountains, it lies below the Prebble Formation and above the Falla Formation. The formation includes material from volcanic activity linked to the Karoo-Ferar eruptions of the Lower Jurassic. The climate of the zone was similar to that of modern southern Chile, humid, with a temperature interval of 17–18 degrees. The Hanson Formation is correlated with the Section Peak Formation of the Eisenhower Range and Deep Freeze Range, as well as volcanic deposits on the Convoy Range and Ricker Hills of southern Victoria Land.
The Fremouw Formation is a Triassic-age rock formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. It contains the oldest known fossils of tetrapods from Antarctica, including synapsids, reptiles and amphibians. Fossilized trees have also been found. The formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. During the Triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70–75°S latitude.
Aztec Mountain is a small pyramidal mountain over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) high, just southwest of Maya Mountain and west of Beacon Valley in Victoria Land. It was so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) because its shape resembles the pyramidal ceremonial platforms used by the Aztec and Maya civilizations.
The Beacon Supergroup is a geological formation exposed in Antarctica and deposited from the Devonian to the Triassic. The unit was originally described as either a formation or sandstone, and upgraded to group and supergroup as time passed. It contains a sandy member known as the Beacon Heights Orthoquartzite.
Specimen Ridge, el. 8,379 feet (2,554 m) is an approximately 8.5-mile (13.7 km) ridge along the south rim of the Lamar Valley in Yellowstone National Park. The ridge separates the Lamar Valley from Mirror Plateau. The ridge is oriented northwest to southeast from the Tower Junction area to Amethyst Mountain. The ridge is known for its abundance of amethyst, opal and petrified wood. It was referred to as Specimen Mountain by local miners and was probably named by prospectors well before 1870. The south side of the ridge is traversed by the 18.8-mile (30.3 km) Specimen Ridge Trail between Tower Junction and Soda Butte Creek. The trail passes through the Petrified Forest and over the summit of Amethyst Mountain el. 9,614 feet (2,930 m).
Baronick Glacier is a glacier 6 nautical miles (11 km) southwest of Mount Cocks, in the Royal Society Range, draining into the Skelton Glacier to the west. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1963 for Chief Aviation Ordnanceman Michael P. Baronick, of U.S. Navy Squadron VX-6, who wintered at Williams Air Operating Facility at McMurdo Sound in 1956 and was in Antarctica for several summer seasons. Baronick, with a party of three, was in command of the Beardmore Air Operating Facility established on October 28, 1956, at 84°56′S166°0′W.
Mount Buckley is an ice-free peak, 2,645 metres (8,680 ft) high, which is the central and highest summit of Buckley Island, a mountain massif at the head of Beardmore Glacier. It was discovered by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907–09, and named for George Buckley of New Zealand, a supporter of the expedition.
Mount Korsch is a pyramidal peak, rising to about 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) on the northwest margin of Markham Plateau, Queen Elizabeth Range, Antarctica, 3 nautical miles (6 km) west of Mount Markham. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1988 after geologist Russell J. Korsch who, with E. Stump and D. Egerton, climbed and geologically mapped this peak on December 3, 1985, as a member of a United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) field party. Korsch was a member of USARP field parties, 1968–69 and 1985–86, and of New Zealand Antarctic Research Program field parties, 1982–83 and 1984–85.
MacAlpine Hills are a chain of mainly ice-free, bluff-type hills in Antarctica, extending from Mount Achernar southwestwards along the south side of Law Glacier, to Sylwester Glacier. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Ensign Kenneth D. MacAlpine, U.S. Navy Reserve; a member of U.S. Navy Squadron VX-6, MacAlpine was injured in an airplane crash at McMurdo Sound, October 1956.
The Duncan Mountains are a group of rugged coastal foothills, about 18 nautical miles (33 km) long, extending from the mouth of Liv Glacier to the mouth of Strom Glacier at the head of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. They were discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition in November 1929 and named for James Duncan, the Manager of Tapley Ltd, shipping agents for the Byrd expeditions at Dunedin, New Zealand.
Gordon Valley is a small valley, the western half of which is occupied by a lobe of ice from Walcott Neve, lying west of Mount Falla in the Queen Alexandra Range, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Mark A. Gordon, a United States Antarctic Research Program aurora scientist at Hallett Station, 1959.
The Morse Nunataks are isolated rock nunataks standing 4.5 nautical miles (8 km) south of Mount Achernar, between Lewis Cliff and the MacAlpine Hills in Antarctica. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Oliver C. Morse III, a United States Antarctic Research Program ionospheric scientist at South Pole Station in 1960.
Kehle Glacier is a glacier draining the western slopes of the Worcester Range, Antarctica. It is near Mount Speyer and Mount Dawson-Lambton, and flows southwest into Mulock Glacier. The glacier was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1964 for Ralph Kehle, a glaciologist at Little America V, 1959–60.
Mount Ritchie is a mountain rising over 1600 m in the southeast part of Warren Range, Antarctica. The feature is 5.6 km (3 nmi) northeast of Wise Peak on the west side of Deception Glacier. Named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE), 1970–71, after A. Ritchie, curator of fossils at the Australian Museum, Sydney, a member of the VUWAE party that discovered important sites of fossil fish in this Skelton Neve area.
Amethyst Mountain, el. 9,609 feet (2,929 m) is the highest peak and central part of a northwest – southeast trending ridge that lies between the Lamar River to the northeast and Deep Creek to the southwest within Park County, Wyoming. From northwest to southeast, this ridge consists of Specimen Ridge, Amethyst Mountain, and the Mirror Plateau in Yellowstone National Park. The nearest town is Silver Gate, Montana, which is 19.2 miles away.
References
- ↑ "Mount Achernar". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved 2023-08-06.
- ↑ Stewart, J., 2011. Antarctica: An Encyclopedia, 2nd ed. Jefferson, North Carolina and London, McFarland & Company, Inc. 1771 pp. ISBN 978-0-7864-3590-6
- ↑ Cúneo, N.R., Isbell, J., Taylor, E.L. and Taylor, T.N., 1993. The Glossopteris flora from Antarctica: taphonomy and paleoecology.Comptes Rendus XII ICC-P, 2, pp.13-40.
- ↑ Taylor, E.L., Taylor, T.N. and Cúneo, N.R., 1992. The present is not the key to the past: a polar forest from the Permian of Antarctica.Science, 257(5077), pp.1675-1677.
- ↑ Ryberg, P.E., Taylor, E.L. and Taylor, T.N., 2012. Antarctic glossopterid diversity on a local scale: the presence of multiple megasporophyll genera, Upper Permian, Mt. Achernar, Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica.American Journal of Botany, 99(9), pp.1531-1540.
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