Moya Bailey

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Moya Bailey
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United States
Education
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 Misogynoir

Moya Bailey is an African-American feminist scholar, writer, and activist. She is noted for coining the term misogynoir , which denotes what Bailey describes as the unique combination of misogyny and anti-black racism experienced by black women. [1] Bailey is an associate professor at Northwestern University. [2] [3]

Contents

Career

Bailey attended Spelman College for her undergraduate degree. She received her doctoral degree from Emory University in the department of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. After working at Northeastern University as an assistant professor in the Department of Cultures, Societies, and Global Studies and the program in Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, she joined the Department of Communication Studies at Northwestern. [4]

She works with the Octavia E. Butler Legacy Network, [5] "an organization that supports and promotes the writer's legacy," [6] and is the co-founder of Quirky Black Girls, a collective for black women who do not fit cultural stereotypes. [7] [8] She also worked on the project #tooFEW. The hashtag "FEW" stands for "Feminists Engage Wikipedia". [9] The objective of this project was to have feminists engage Wikipedia pages, both adding and editing information regarding individuals, events and things regarding feminism (with a particular focus on Black feminism). [9] She received backlash and derogatory comments for taking part in this initiative. [10]

Misogynoir

Bailey originally coined the term misogynoir in 2008, but first used the term in a 2010 essay entitled "They aren't talking about me...". [11] It is a portmanteau of the word misogyny and noir, the French word for 'black'. [1] [6] Bailey coined the term to describe a unique type of discrimination experienced by black women, specifically the "anti-Black racist misogyny that black women experience, particularly in US visual and digital culture." [12] Since her initial creation of the term, she has elaborated further on the subject in a number of works, and the term has also been adopted by other scholars in fields such as gynecology, [13] rhetoric and communications, [14] and law. [15]

In a 2014 blog post she wrote:

I was looking for precise language to describe why Renisha McBride would be shot in the face, or why The Onion would think it's okay to talk about Quvenzhané the way they did, or the hypervisibilty of Black women on reality TV, the arrest of Shanesha Taylor, the incarceration of CeCe, Laverne and Lupita being left off the TIME list, the continued legal actions against Marissa Alexander, the twitter dragging of black women with hateful hashtags and supposedly funny Instagram images as well as how Black women are talked about in music. [16]

Publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Misogyny</span> Prejudice against, or hatred of, women

Misogyny is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. It is a form of sexism that can keep women at a lower social status than men, thus maintaining the social roles of patriarchy. Misogyny has been widely practised for thousands of years. It is reflected in art, literature, human societal structure, historical events, mythology, philosophy, and religion worldwide.

Misandry is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men or boys.

Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of queer studies and women's studies.

Triple oppression, also called double jeopardy, Jane Crow, or triple exploitation, is a theory developed by black socialists in the United States, such as Claudia Jones. The theory states that a connection exists between various types of oppression, specifically classism, racism, and sexism. It hypothesizes that all three types of oppression need to be overcome at once.

Femme is a term traditionally used to describe a lesbian woman who exhibits a feminine identity or gender presentation. While commonly viewed as a lesbian term, alternate meanings of the word also exist with some non-lesbian individuals using the word, notably some gay men and bisexuals. Some non-binary and transgender individuals also identify as lesbians using this term.

Black feminism is a branch of feminism that focuses on the African-American woman's experiences and recognizes the intersectionality of racism and sexism. Black feminism philosophy centers on the idea that "Black women are inherently valuable, that liberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody else's but because of our need as human persons for autonomy."

Misogyny in rap music is defined as lyrics, videos, or other components of rap music that encourage, glorify, justify, or legitimize the objectification, exploitation, or victimization of women. It is an ideology that depicts women as objects for men to own, use, and abuse. It reduces women to expendable beings. It might include everything from innuendos to stereotypical characterizations and defamations.

Internalized sexism is a form of sexist behavior and attitudes enacted by women toward themselves or other women and girls. Internalized sexism is a form of internalized oppression, which "consists of oppressive practices that continue to make the rounds even when members of the oppressor group are not present." Internalized sexism can have a range of effects on women and girls such as problems with mental health and body image. Modes of internalization of sexism include early childhood inculturation and consumption of media, especially of celebrity and entertainment news.

Feminist Digital Humanities is a more recent development in the field of Digital Humanities, a project incorporating digital and computational methods as part of its research methodology. Feminist Digital Humanities has risen partly because of recent criticism of the propensity of Digital Humanities to further patriarchal or hegemonic discourses in the Academy. Women are rapidly dominating social media in order to educate people about feminist growth and contributions. Research proves the rapid growth of Feminist Digital Humanities started during the post-feminism era around from the 1980s to 1990s. Such feminists’ works provides examples through the text technology, social conditions of literature and rhetorical analysis. Feminist Digital Humanities aims to identify and explore women's digital contributions as well as articulate where and why these contributions are important.

Hip hop feminism is a sub-set of black feminism that centers on intersectional subject positions involving race and gender in a way that acknowledges the contradictions in being a black feminist, such as black women's enjoyment in hip hop music and culture, rather than simply focusing on the victimization of black women in hip hop culture due to interlocking systems of oppressions involving race, class, and gender.

Misogynoir is a term referring to the combined force of anti-Black racism and misogyny directed towards black women. The term was coined by black feminist writer Moya Bailey in 2008 to address misogyny directed toward black transgender and cisgender women in American visual and popular culture. The concept of misogynoir is grounded in the theory of intersectionality, which analyzes how various social identities such as race, gender, class, age, ability, and sexual orientation interrelate in systems of oppression.

The hashtag #NotAllMen is a feminist Internet meme. A shortening of the phrase "not all men are like that", sometimes abbreviated "NAMALT", it is a satirical parody of arguments used to deflect attention away from men in discussions of sexual assault, the gender pay gap, and other feminist issues.

Women Against Feminism is an informal movement of women sharing equal ideals with antifeminists in rejecting feminism. Using #WomenAgainstFeminism, the hashtag is normally accompanied by a "selfie" style photo, holding up handwritten posters stating reasons why they disapprove of modern feminism. Most of the posts begin with the statement, "I don't need feminism because", followed by their reason(s).

Fourth-wave feminism is a feminist movement that began around the early 2010s and is characterized by a focus on the empowerment of women, the use of internet tools, and intersectionality. The fourth wave seeks greater gender equality by focusing on gendered norms and the marginalization of women in society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexis Pauline Gumbs</span> American writer (born 1982)

Alexis Pauline Gumbs is an American writer, independent scholar, poet, activist and educator based in Durham, North Carolina. Gumbs advocates for other POC queer women and is commonly known as a “Black Feminist love evangelist,” but she also describes herself as a "Queer Black Troublemaker." In her experimental triptych, Gumbs explores the implications of humanity’s struggle with ecological disruption and Black feminist theory and refusals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Feminist rhetoric</span> Practice of rhetoric

Feminist rhetoric emphasizes the narratives of all demographics, including women and other marginalized groups, into the consideration or practice of rhetoric. Feminist rhetoric does not focus exclusively on the rhetoric of women or feminists but instead prioritizes the feminist principles of inclusivity, community, and equality over the classic, patriarchal model of persuasion that ultimately separates people from their own experience. Seen as the act of producing or the study of feminist discourses, feminist rhetoric emphasizes and supports the lived experiences and histories of all human beings in all manner of experiences. It also redefines traditional delivery sites to include non-traditional locations such as demonstrations, letter writing, and digital processes, and alternative practices such as rhetorical listening and productive silence. In her book, Rhetorical Feminism and This Thing Called Hope (2018), Cheryl Glenn describes rhetorical feminism as, "a set of tactics that multiplies rhetorical opportunities in terms of who counts as a rhetor, who can inhabit an audience, and what those audiences can do." Rhetorical feminism is a strategy that counters traditional forms of rhetoric, favoring dialogue over monologue and seeking to redefine the way audiences view rhetorical appeals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chicanafuturism</span>

The term Chicanafuturism was originated by scholar Catherine S. Ramírez which she introduced in Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies in 2004. The term is a portmanteau of 'chicana' and 'futurism'. The word 'chicana' refers to a woman or girl of Mexican origin or descent. However, 'Chicana' itself serves as a chosen identity for many female Mexican Americans in the United States, to express self-determination and solidarity in a shared cultural, ethnic, and communal identity while openly rejecting assimilation. Ramírez created the concept of Chicanafuturism as a response to white androcentrism that she felt permeated science-fiction and American society. Chicanafuturism can be understood as part of a larger genre of Latino futurisms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Online gender-based violence</span>

Online gender-based violence is targeted harassment and prejudice through technology against people, disproportionately women, based on their gender. The term is also similar to online harassment, cyberbullying and cybersexism, but the latter terms are not gender-specific. Gender-based violence differs from these because of the attention it draws to discrimination and online violence targeted specifically because of their gender, most frequently those who identify as female. Online gender-based violence can include unwanted sexual remarks, non-consensual posting of sexual media, threats, doxing, cyberstalking and harassment, and gender-based discriminatory memes and posts among other things. Online gender-based violence derives from gender-based violence but it is perpetuated through electronic means. The vulnerable groups include the asexual, bisexual, gay, intersex, trans, intersex, queer, and lesbian. Online gender-based violence may occur through various ways. These include impersonation, hacking, spamming, tracking and surveillance, malicious sharing of intimate messages and photos.

Discrimination against transgender men and transmasculine individuals is sometimes referred to as transandrophobia, anti-transmasculinity, or transmisandry.

Sesali Bowen is an American author and feminist known for being the founder of trap feminism.

References

  1. 1 2 Bailey, Moya (2021). Misogynoir Transformed: Black Women's Digital Resistance. New York University Press. p. 1. doi:10.18574/nyu/9781479803392.001.0001. ISBN   978-1-4798-6510-9. S2CID   250104226.
  2. ↑ Bristol, Keir (May 27, 2014). "On Moya Bailey, Misogynoir, and Why Both Are Important". The Visibility Project. Archived from the original on August 27, 2018.
  3. ↑ Tiffany (June 2012). "Queer, Black Geeks, Unite! Moya Bailey Leads Women of Color Digital Skill-Sharing Collective, Shawty Got Skillz". QWOC.org. Queer Women of Color Media Wire. Archived from the original on March 15, 2022.
  4. ↑ "Moya Bailey". School of Communication, Northwestern University. n.d. Archived from the original on March 2, 2022.
  5. ↑ "About Us". Octaviabutlerlegacy.com. Octavia E. Butler Legacy Network. Archived from the original on March 26, 2018.
  6. 1 2 Thompson, Martine (November 28, 2018). "'Misogynoir' Coiner Moya Bailey Is Eating Pasta and Channeling Her Inner Black Auntie". Bon Appétit. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
  7. ↑ lex. "Quirky Black Girls". quirkyblackgirls.blogspot.ca.
  8. ↑ Wilson, Tiana U. (November 23, 2021). "Black Queer Lives: A Conversation with Moya Bailey and Laura Lovett - AAIHS". www.aaihs.org. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  9. 1 2 Bailey, Moya (February 26, 2013). "#tooFEW Feminists Engage Wikipedia 3/15 11-3 EST". Moyabailey.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2013.
  10. ↑ Bailey, Moya (March 9, 2013). "Patriarchy Proves the Point of #tooFEW". Moyabailey.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2013.
  11. ↑ Marez, Curtis (2019). University Babylon: Film and Race Politics on Campus. Oakland: University of California Press. Note 37, p. 214. ISBN   978-0-520-30457-4.
  12. ↑ Bailey, Moya (2021). "Introduction: What Is Misogynoir?". Misogynoir Transformed: Black Women's Digital Resistance. Vol. 18. NYU Press. p. 1. JSTOR   j.ctv27ftv0s.
  13. ↑ Tucker Edmonds, Brownsyne; Sharp, Sacha; Walker, Valencia P. (March 1, 2023). "Mitigating Misogynoir: Inclusive Professionalism as a Health Equity Strategy". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 66 (1): 14–21. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000768. ISSN   1532-5520. PMID   36657044.
  14. ↑ Kwarteng, Joseph; Perfumi, Serena Coppolino; Farrell, Tracie; Third, Aisling; Fernandez, Miriam (November 9, 2022). "Misogynoir: challenges in detecting intersectional hate". Social Network Analysis and Mining. 12 (1): 166. doi: 10.1007/s13278-022-00993-7 . ISSN   1869-5469.
  15. ↑ Meisler, Hallie (December 20, 2022). ""A Terrible Storm": Megan Thee Stallion, Misogynoir, and Leaving Black Survivors Unprotected". National Women's Law Center. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  16. ↑ "More on the origin of Misogynoir". Moyazb.tumblr.com. April 27, 2014 – via Tumblr.

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