Music Encoding Initiative

Last updated

The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) is an open-source [1] effort to create a system for representation of musical documents in a machine-readable structure. [2] MEI closely mirrors work done by text scholars in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and while the two encoding initiatives are not formally related, they share many common characteristics and development practices. The term "MEI", like "TEI", describes the governing organization and the markup language. The MEI community solicits input and development directions from specialists in various music research communities, including technologists, librarians, historians, and theorists in a common effort to discuss and define best practices for representing a broad range of musical documents and structures. The results of these discussions are then formalized into the MEI schema, a core set of rules for recording physical and intellectual characteristics of music notation documents. This schema is expressed in an XML schema Language, with RelaxNG being the preferred format. The MEI schema is developed using the One-Document-Does-it-all (ODD) format, a literate programming XML format developed by the Text Encoding Initiative. [3]

MEI is often used for music metadata catalogs, [4] critical editing [5] (particularly of early music [6] ), and OMR-based data collection and interchange. [7] [8]

MEI uses permissive software licence; the Educational Community License, Version 2.0, (related to the Apache license, 2.0). [9]

Verovio is a portable, lightweight library for rendering Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) files by transformation into Scalable Vector Graphics format, released under the LGPLv3 license. [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Markup language</span> Modern system for annotating a document

A markuplanguage is a text-encoding system consisting of a set of symbols inserted in a text document to control its structure, formatting, or the relationship between its parts. Markup is often used to control the display of the document or to enrich its content to facilitate automated processing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semantic Web</span> Extension of the Web to facilitate data exchange

The Semantic Web, sometimes known as Web 3.0, is an extension of the World Wide Web through standards set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The goal of the Semantic Web is to make Internet data machine-readable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XML</span> Markup language by the W3C for encoding of data

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data. It defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. The World Wide Web Consortium's XML 1.0 Specification of 1998 and several other related specifications—all of them free open standards—define XML.

MPEG-7 is a multimedia content description standard. It was standardized in ISO/IEC 15938. This description will be associated with the content itself, to allow fast and efficient searching for material that is of interest to the user. MPEG-7 is formally called Multimedia Content Description Interface. Thus, it is not a standard which deals with the actual encoding of moving pictures and audio, like MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. It uses XML to store metadata, and can be attached to timecode in order to tag particular events, or synchronise lyrics to a song, for example.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Text Encoding Initiative</span> Academic community concerned with text encoding

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is a text-centric community of practice in the academic field of digital humanities, operating continuously since the 1980s. The community currently runs a mailing list, meetings and conference series, and maintains the TEI technical standard, a journal, a wiki, a GitHub repository and a toolchain.

MusicXML is an XML-based file format for representing Western musical notation. The format is open, fully documented, and can be freely used under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JSON</span> Open standard file format and data interchange

JSON is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and arrays. It is a common data format with diverse uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.

Open Scripture Information Standard (OSIS) is an XML application, that defines tags for marking up Bibles, theological commentaries, and other related literature.

Optical music recognition (OMR) is a field of research that investigates how to computationally read musical notation in documents. The goal of OMR is to teach the computer to read and interpret sheet music and produce a machine-readable version of the written music score. Once captured digitally, the music can be saved in commonly used file formats, e.g. MIDI and MusicXML . In the past it has, misleadingly, also been called "music optical character recognition". Due to significant differences, this term should no longer be used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EpiDoc</span>

EpiDoc is an international community that produces guidelines and tools for encoding in TEI XML scholarly and educational editions of ancient documents, especially inscriptions and papyri.

Geospatial metadata is a type of metadata applicable to geographic data and information. Such objects may be stored in a geographic information system (GIS) or may simply be documents, data-sets, images or other objects, services, or related items that exist in some other native environment but whose features may be appropriate to describe in a (geographic) metadata catalog.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Sperberg-McQueen</span> American computer programmer

C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen is an American markup language specialist. He was co-editor of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 spec (1998), and chair of the XML Schema working group.

A metadata standard is a requirement which is intended to establish a common understanding of the meaning or semantics of the data, to ensure correct and proper use and interpretation of the data by its owners and users. To achieve this common understanding, a number of characteristics, or attributes of the data have to be defined, also known as metadata.

A structured document is an electronic document where some method of markup is used to identify the whole and parts of the document as having various meanings beyond their formatting. For example, a structured document might identify a certain portion as a "chapter title" rather than as "Helvetica bold 24" or "indented Courier". Such portions in general are commonly called "components" or "elements" of a document.

This is a comparison of data serialization formats, various ways to convert complex objects to sequences of bits. It does not include markup languages used exclusively as document file formats.

The Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata (PRISM) for the Internet, computing, and computer science, is a specification that defines a set of XML metadata vocabularies for syndicating, aggregating, post-processing and multi-purposing content.

In markup languages and the digital humanities, overlap occurs when a document has two or more structures that interact in a non-hierarchical manner. A document with overlapping markup cannot be represented as a tree. This is also known as concurrent markup. Overlap happens, for instance, in poetry, where there may be a metrical structure of feet and lines; a linguistic structure of sentences and quotations; and a physical structure of volumes and pages and editorial annotations.

References

  1. ↑ GitHub Code Repository
  2. ↑ Hankinson, Andrew; Roland, Perry; Fujinaga, Ichiro (2011). "The Music Encoding Initiative as a document encoding framework" (PDF). Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval. October: 293–298. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  3. ↑ "Perry Roland Creates DTD for the Representation of Music Notation, Leading to the Music Encoding Initiative : History of Information". www.historyofinformation.com. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
  4. ↑ Teich Geertinger, Axel (2014). "Turning Music Catalogues into Archives of Musical Scores–or Vice Versa: Music Archives and Catalogues Based on MEI XML". Fontes Artis Musicae. 61 (1): 61–66. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  5. ↑ Beethovens Werkstatt, a digital genetic edition project using Beethoven's sketch books
  6. ↑ Freedman, Richard (2014). "The Renaissance chanson goes digital: digitalduchemin.org". Early Music. 42 (4): 567–578. doi:10.1093/em/cau108.
  7. ↑ Hankinson, Andrew; Pugin, Laurent; Fujinaga, Ichiro (2014). "Introduction to SIMSSA (Single Interface for Music Score Searching and Analysis)". Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Digital Libraries for Musicology. DLFM '14. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1145/2660168.2660184. ISBN   9781450330022. S2CID   8419715 . Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  8. ↑ Fujinaga, Ichiro; Hankinson, Andrew; Cumming, Julie (2010). "An Interchange Format for Optical Music Recognition Applications". 11th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference. Utrecht, Netherlands: 51–56. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.232.3147 .
  9. ↑ "What is MEI?".
  10. ↑ "Home". verovio.org.
  11. ↑ Liska, Urs. "Music Encoding Conference 2016 (Part 1)". Scores of Beauty. LilyPond blog. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.