OpenDocument

Last updated

OpenDocument Text
ODF textdocument 48x48.png
Filename extensions
.odt  .fodt
Internet media type
application/vnd.oasis.
opendocument.text
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
org.oasis-open.opendocument.text [1]
UTI conformation
org.oasis-open.opendocument
public.composite-content
Developed by OASIS
Initial release1 May 2005;19 years ago (2005-05-01)
Latest release
1.4
Type of format Document
Extended from XML
Standard ISO/IEC 26300 [2] [3] [4] [5]
(OASIS OpenDocument Format)
Open format? Yes
Website OASIS, ISO/IEC
OpenDocument Presentation
ODF presentation 48x48.png
Filename extensions
.odp  .fodp
Internet media type
application/vnd.oasis.
opendocument.presentation
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
org.oasis-open.opendocument.presentation [1]
UTI conformation
org.oasis-open.opendocument
public.composite-content
Developed byOASIS
Initial release1 May 2005;19 years ago (2005-05-01)
Latest release
1.3
(27 April 2021;3 years ago (2021-04-27))
Type of format Presentation
Extended fromXML
StandardISO/IEC 26300 [2] [3] [4] [5]
(OASIS OpenDocument Format)
Open format?Yes
OpenDocument Spreadsheet
ODF spreadsheet 48x48.png
Filename extensions
.ods  .fods
Internet media type
application/vnd.oasis.
opendocument.spreadsheet
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
org.oasis-open.opendocument.spreadsheet [1]
UTI conformation
org.oasis-open.opendocument
public.composite-content
Developed byOASIS
Initial release1 May 2005;19 years ago (2005-05-01)
Latest release
1.3
(27 April 2021;3 years ago (2021-04-27))
Type of format Spreadsheet
Extended fromXML
StandardISO/IEC 26300 [2] [3] [4] [5]
(OASIS OpenDocument Format)
Open format?Yes
OpenDocument Graphics
ODF drawing 48x48.png
Filename extensions
.odg  .fodg
Internet media type
application/vnd.oasis.
opendocument.graphics
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
org.oasis-open.opendocument.graphics [1]
UTI conformation
org.oasis-open.opendocument
public.composite-content
Developed byOASIS
Initial release1 May 2005;19 years ago (2005-05-01)
Latest release
1.3
(27 April 2021;3 years ago (2021-04-27))
Type of format Graphics
Extended fromXML
StandardISO/IEC 26300 [2] [3] [4] [5]
(OASIS OpenDocument Format)
Open format?Yes

The Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF), also known as OpenDocument, standardized as ISO 26300, is an open file format for word processing documents, spreadsheets, presentations and graphics and using ZIP-compressed [6] XML files. It was developed with the aim of providing an open, XML-based file format specification for office applications. [7]

Contents

The standard is developed and maintained by a technical committee in the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) consortium. [8] It was based on the Sun Microsystems specification for OpenOffice.org XML, the default format for OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice. It was originally developed for StarOffice "to provide an open standard for office documents." [9]

In addition to being an OASIS standard, it is published as an ISO/IEC international standard ISO/IEC 26300 – Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument). [2] [3] [4] [5] [10] [11] From March 2024, the current version is 1.4. [12]

Specifications

The most common filename extensions used for OpenDocument documents are: [13] [14]

The original OpenDocument format consists of an XML document that has <document> as its root element. OpenDocument files can also take the format of a ZIP compressed archive containing a number of files and directories; these can contain binary content and benefit from ZIP's lossless compression to reduce file size. OpenDocument benefits from separation of concerns by separating the content, styles, metadata, and application settings into four separate XML files.

There is a comprehensive set of example documents in OpenDocument format available. [15] The whole test suite is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license.

History

Conception

The OpenDocument standard was developed by a Technical Committee (TC) under the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) industry consortium. The ODF-TC has members from a diverse set of companies and individuals. Active TC members have voting rights. Members associated with Sun and IBM have sometimes had a large voting influence. [16] The standardization process involved the developers of many office suites or related document systems.

The first official ODF-TC meeting to discuss the standard was 16 December 2002. OASIS approved OpenDocument as an OASIS standard on 1 May 2005. OASIS submitted the ODF specification to ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) on 16 November 2005, under Publicly Available Specification (PAS) rules. ISO/IEC standardization for an open document standard including text, spreadsheet and presentation was proposed for the first time in DKUUG 28 August 2001. [17]

After a six-month review period, on 3 May 2006, OpenDocument unanimously passed its six-month DIS (Draft International Standard) ballot in JTC 1 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34), with broad participation, [18] after which the OpenDocument specification was "approved for release as an ISO and IEC International Standard" under the name ISO/IEC 26300:2006. [19]

After responding to all written ballot comments, and a 30-day default ballot, the OpenDocument international standard went to publication in ISO, officially published 30 November 2006.

In 2006, [20] Garry Edwards, a member of OASIS TC since 2002, [21] along with Sam Hiser, and Paul "Marbux" E. Merrell [22] founded the OpenDocument Foundation. The aim of this project was to be open-source representative of the format in OASIS. [20] [22] The immediate aim of this project was to develop software that would convert legacy Microsoft Office documents to ODF. By October 2007 the project was a failure: Conversion of Microsoft Office documents could not be achieved. [20] By this time, The foundation was convinced that ODF was not moving in a direction that they supported. [23] As a result, it announced the decision to abandon its namesake format in favor of W3C's Compound Document Format (CDF), which was in early stages of its development. [23] [20] The foundation, however, never acted on this decision and was soon dissolved. The CDF was never designed for this purpose either. [24]

Further standardization

Further standardization work with OpenDocument includes:

Application support

Software

The OpenDocument format is used in free software and in proprietary software. This includes office suites (both stand-alone and web-based) and individual applications such as word-processors, spreadsheets, presentation, and data management applications. Prominent text editors, word processors and office suites supporting OpenDocument fully or partially include:

Various organizations have announced development of conversion software (including plugins and filters) to support OpenDocument on Microsoft's products. [52] [53] As of July 2007, there are nine packages of conversion software. Microsoft first released support for the OpenDocument Format in Office 2007 SP2. [54] However, the implementation faced substantial criticism and the ODF Alliance and others claimed that the third party plugins provided better support. [55] Microsoft Office 2010 can open and save OpenDocument Format documents natively, although not all features are supported. [56] In July 2024, Microsoft announced support for ODF 1.4 (prior to it being released) in Microsoft 365 apps, starting with version 2404 on Windows and 16.84 on macOS. [57]

Starting with Mac OS X 10.5, the TextEdit application and Quick Look preview feature support the OpenDocument Text format.

Accessibility

Licensing

Public access to the standard

Versions of the OpenDocument Format approved by OASIS are available for free download and use. [58] The ITTF has added ISO/IEC 26300 to its "list of freely available standards"; anyone may download and use this standard free-of-charge under the terms of a click-through license. [59]

Additional royalty-free licensing

Obligated members [60] of the OASIS ODF TC have agreed to make deliverables available to implementors under the OASIS Royalty Free with Limited Terms policy.

Key contributor Sun Microsystems made an irrevocable intellectual property covenant, providing all implementers with the guarantee that Sun will not seek to enforce any of its enforceable U.S. or foreign patents against any implementation of the OpenDocument specification in which development Sun participates to the point of incurring an obligation. [61]

A second contributor to ODF development, IBM  – which, for instance, has contributed Lotus spreadsheet documentation [62]  – has made their patent rights available through their Interoperability Specifications Pledge in which "IBM irrevocably covenants to you that it will not assert any Necessary Claims against you for your making, using, importing, selling, or offering for sale Covered Implementations." [63]

The Software Freedom Law Center has examined whether there are any legal barriers to the use of the OpenDocument Format (ODF) in free and open source software arising from the standardization process. In their opinion ODF is free of legal encumbrances that would prevent its use in free and open source software, as distributed under licenses authored by Apache and the FSF.[ citation needed ]

Response

Support for OpenDocument

Several governments, companies, organizations and software products support the OpenDocument format. For example:

On 4 November 2005, IBM and Sun Microsystems convened the "OpenDocument (ODF) Summit" in Armonk, New York, to discuss how to boost OpenDocument adoption. The ODF Summit brought together representatives from several industry groups and technology companies, including Oracle, Google, Adobe, Novell, Red Hat, Computer Associates, Corel, Nokia, Intel, and Linux e-mail company Scalix (LaMonica, 10 November 2005). The providers committed resources to technically improve OpenDocument through existing standards bodies and to promote its usage in the marketplace, possibly through a stand-alone foundation. [72] Scholars have suggested that the "OpenDocument standard is the wedge that can hold open the door for competition, particularly with regard to the specific concerns of the public sector." [73] Indeed, adoption by the public sector has risen considerably since the promulgation of the OpenDocument format initiated the 2005/2006 time period. [73]

Adoption

One objective of open formats like OpenDocument is to guarantee long-term access to data without legal or technical barriers, and some governments have come to view open formats as a public policy issue. Several governments around the world have introduced policies of partial or complete adoption. [73] What this means varies from case to case; in some cases, it means that the ODF standard has a national standard identifier; in some cases, it means that the ODF standard is permitted to be used where national regulation says that non-proprietary formats must be used, and in still other cases, it means that some government body has actually decided that ODF will be used in some specific context. The following is an incomplete list:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The standard that was proclaimed to be national is in fact the following: «ISO/IEC 26300:2006 "Information technology - Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0"». Designation as the national standard only means that it's encouraged to be used voluntarily and is not a legally bounding. Eurasian Economic Union is the territory where the standard is assumed to be applied.

Related Research Articles

The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards is a nonprofit consortium that works on the development, convergence, and adoption of projects - both open standards and open source - for Computer security, blockchain, Internet of things (IoT), emergency management, cloud computing, legal data exchange, energy, content technologies, and other areas.

An open file format is a file format for storing digital data, defined by an openly published specification usually maintained by a standards organization, and which can be used and implemented by anyone. An open file format is licensed with an open license. For example, an open format can be implemented by both proprietary and free and open-source software, using the typical software licenses used by each. In contrast to open file formats, closed file formats are considered trade secrets.

A document file format is a text or binary file format for storing documents on a storage media, especially for use by computers. There currently exist a multitude of incompatible document file formats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsoft Office 2007</span> Version of Microsoft Office

Microsoft Office 2007 is an office suite for Windows, developed and published by Microsoft. It was officially revealed on March 9, 2006 and was the 12th version of Microsoft Office. It was released to manufacturing on November 3, 2006; it was subsequently made available to volume license customers on November 30, 2006, and later to retail on January 30, 2007. The Mac OS X equivalent, Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac, was released on January 15, 2008.

The OpenDocument format (ODF), an abbreviation for the OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications, is an open and free document file format for saving and exchanging editable office documents such as text documents, spreadsheets, databases, charts, and presentations. This standard was developed by the OASIS industry consortium, based upon the XML-based file format originally created by OpenOffice.org, and ODF was approved as an OASIS standard on May 1, 2005. It became an ISO standard, ISO/IEC 26300, on May 3, 2006.

OpenFormula is an open standard for exchanging recalculated formulae in spreadsheets. OpenFormula is included in version 1.2 of the OpenDocument standard. OpenFormula was initially proposed and drafted by David A. Wheeler.

Office Open XML is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft for representing spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents. Ecma International standardized the initial version as ECMA-376. ISO and IEC standardized later versions as ISO/IEC 29500.

This article describes the technical specifications of the OpenDocument office document standard, as developed by the OASIS industry consortium. A variety of organizations developed the standard publicly and make it publicly accessible, meaning it can be implemented by anyone without restriction. The OpenDocument format aims to provide an open alternative to proprietary document formats.

The following article details governmental and other organizations from around the world who are in the process of evaluating the suitability of using (adopting) OpenDocument, an open document file format for saving and exchanging office documents that may be edited.

The Open Document Format for Office Applications, commonly known as OpenDocument, was based on OpenOffice.org XML, as used in OpenOffice.org 1, and was standardised by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) consortium.

Uniform Office Format, sometimes known as Unified Office Format, is an open standard for office applications developed in China. It includes word processing, presentation, and spreadsheet modules, and is made up of GUI, API, and format specifications. The document format described uses XML contained in a compressed file container, similar to OpenDocument and Office Open XML.

The Microsoft Open Specification Promise is a promise by Microsoft, published in September 2006, to not assert its patents, in certain conditions, against implementations of a certain list of specifications.

The Office Open XML file formats, also known as OOXML, were standardised between December 2006 and November 2008, first by the Ecma International consortium, and subsequently, after a contentious standardization process, by the ISO/IEC's Joint Technical Committee 1.

This is a comparison of the Office Open XML document file format with the OpenDocument file format.

The ISO/IEC Information Technology Task Force (ITTF) is a body jointly formed by ISO and IEC responsible for the planning and coordination of the work of JTC 1. It has several responsibilities described in the JTC 1 Directives clause 4.1 including:

The Office Open XML file formats are a set of file formats that can be used to represent electronic office documents. There are formats for word processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations as well as specific formats for material such as mathematical formulas, graphics, bibliographies etc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Collabora Online</span> Online office suite based on LibreOffice

Collabora Online is an open source online office suite based on LibreOffice, enabling web-based collaborative real-time editing of word processing documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and vector graphics. Optional apps are available for desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and Chromebooks.

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