Inkscape

Last updated

Inkscape
Initial releaseNovember 6, 2003;20 years ago (2003-11-06) [1]
Stable release
1.3.2 [2]   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg / 25 November 2023
Repository
Written in C++ with gtkmm, Python (extensions)
Operating system FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows
Platform IA-32 and x64
Size 81.6 MB
Available in90 languages [3]
Type Vector graphics editor
License GPL-2.0-or-later [4]
Website inkscape.org

Inkscape is a free and open-source vector graphics editor for traditional Unix-compatible systems such as GNU/Linux, BSD derivatives and Illumos, as well as Windows and macOS. It offers a rich set of features and is widely used for both artistic and technical illustrations such as cartoons, clip art, logos, typography, diagramming and flowcharting. It uses vector graphics to allow for sharp printouts and renderings at unlimited resolution and is not bound to a fixed number of pixels like raster graphics. Inkscape uses the standardized Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file format as its main format, which is supported by many other applications including web browsers. It can import and export various other file formats, including AI, EPS, PDF, PS and PNG. [5]

Contents

Inkscape can render primitive vector shapes (e.g. rectangles, ellipses, polygons, arcs, spirals, stars and 3D boxes) and text. These objects may be filled with solid colors, patterns, radial or linear color gradients and their borders may be stroked, both with adjustable transparency. Embedding and optional tracing of raster graphics is also supported, enabling the editor to create vector graphics from photos and other raster sources. Created shapes can be further manipulated with transformations, such as moving, rotating, scaling and skewing.

History

Inkscape began in 2003 as a code fork of the Sodipodi project. [6] Sodipodi, developed since 1999, was itself based on Raph Levien's Gill (GNOME Illustration Application). [7] One of the main priorities of the Inkscape project was interface consistency and usability by following the GNOME human interface guidelines. [6]

Inkscape FAQ interprets the word Inkscape as a compound of ink and -scape . [8] [9]

Four former Sodipodi developers (Ted Gould, Bryce Harrington, Nathan Hurst, and MenTaLguY) led the fork, citing differences over project objectives, openness to third-party contributions, and technical disagreements. They said that Inkscape would focus development on implementing the complete SVG standard, whereas Sodipodi development emphasized developing a general-purpose vector graphics editor, possibly at the expense of SVG. [10]

Following the fork, Inkscape's developers changed the programming language from C to C++; adopted the GTK (formerly GIMP Toolkit) toolkit C++ bindings (gtkmm); redesigned its user interface, and added a number of new features. [11] Inkscape's implementation of the SVG standard, although incomplete, has shown gradual improvement. [12]

Since 2005, Inkscape has participated in the Google Summer of Code program. [13]

Up until the end of November 2007, Inkscape's source code repository was hosted by SourceForge. Thereafter it moved to Launchpad. [14] In June 2017, it moved to GitLab. [15]

Features

Object creation

Inkscape 0.48.2, showing a rectangle (selected with the select tool), an ellipse, a star and two text objects Inkscape 0.48.2 with librsvg workarounds.svg
Inkscape 0.48.2, showing a rectangle (selected with the select tool), an ellipse, a star and two text objects

Inkscape workflow is based around vector objects. Tools allow manipulating primitive vector shapes: simple ones like rectangles, ellipses and arcs, as well as more complex objects like 3D boxes with adjustable perspectives, stars, polygons and spirals. Rendering feature that can create objects like barcodes, calendars, grids, gears and roulette curves (using the spirograph tool). These objects may be filled with solid colors, patterns, radial or linear color gradients and their borders may be stroked, both with adjustable transparency. All of those can be further edited by transformations—such as moving, rotating, scaling and skewing—or by editing paths.

Other tools allow creating Bézier curves, freehand drawing of lines (pencil), or calligraphic (brush-like) strokes which support a graphics tablet. [16]

Inkscape is able to write and edit text with tools available for changing font, spacing, kerning, rotation, flowing along the path or into a shape. Text can be converted to paths for further editing. The program also has a layers (as well as an objects) feature that allows the user to organize objects in a preferred stacking order in the canvas. Objects can be made visible/invisible and locked/unlocked through these features.

Symbol libraries enable Inkscape to use existing symbols like logic-gate symbols or DOT pictograms. Additional libraries can be included by the user. [17]

Inkscape supports image tracing, the process of extracting vector graphics from raster sources.

Clones are child objects of an original parent object. Different transformations can be applied to them, such as: size, position, rotation, blur, opacity, color and symmetry. Clones are updated live whenever the parent object changes.

Object manipulation

Every object in the drawing can be subjected to arbitrary affine transformations: moving, rotating, scaling, skewing and a configurable matrix[ clarification needed ]. Transformation parameters can be specified numerically. Transformations can snap to angles, grids, guidelines and nodes of other objects, or be aligned in specified direction, spaced equally, scattered at random.

Objects can be grouped together. Groups of objects behave similarly to objects. Objects in a group can be edited without having to ungroup them first.

The Z-order determines the order in which objects are drawn on the canvas. Objects with a high Z-order are drawn on top of objects lower in the Z-order. Order of objects can be managed either using layers, or by manually moving the object up and down in the Z-order. Layers can be locked or hidden, preventing modifying and accidental selection.

The Create Tiled Clones tool allows symmetrical or grid-like drawings using various plane symmetries.

Appearance of objects can be further changed by using masks and clipping paths, which can be created from arbitrary objects, including groups.

The style attributes are 'attached' to the source object, so after cutting/copying an object onto the clipboard, the style's attributes can be pasted to another object.

Objects can also be moved by manually entering the location coordinates in the top toolbar. Even additions and subtractions can be done this way.

Operations on paths

Inkscape has a comprehensive tool set to edit paths (as they are the basic element of a vector file):

Inkscape includes a feature called Live Path Effects (LPE), which can apply various modifiers to a path. Envelope Deformation is available via the Path Effects and provides a perspective effect. There are more than a dozen of these live path effects. LPE can be stacked onto a single object and have interactive live on canvas and menu-based editing of the effects.

File formats

Inkscape's primary format is SVG 1.1, meaning that it can create and edit with the abilities and within the constraints of this format. Any other format must either be imported (converted to SVG) or exported (converted from SVG). The SVG format is using the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) standard internally. Inkscape's implementation of SVG and CSS standards is incomplete. Most notably, it does not support animation natively. [19] Inkscape has multilingual support, particularly for complex scripts. Formats that used the UniConvertor library are not supported beyond the 1.0 release. A workaround is to have a parallel installation of version 0.92.x. [20]

Inkscape file format support
Format NameImportExport
Adobe Illustrator Artwork (AI)native
CorelDRAW (CDR)native
Microsoft Visio Drawing (VSD)native
Portable Document Format (PDF)nativenative
compressed SVG (SVGZ)native
JPEG native
PNG native
GIF native
BMP native
Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM)with UniConvertor
Encapsulated Postscript (EPS)with Ghostscript native
PostScript (PS)with Ghostscript native
SK1 with UniConvertor
sketch with extension
Xfig (FIG)with extension
Flash XML Graphics (FXG)native
Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language (HPGL)native
HTML5 canvas element native
LaTeX (TeX)native
Synfig (SIF)native
Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML)native

Other features

Platform support

The latest version of Inkscape 1.0.x (and older line 0.92.x) is available for Linux, Windows 7+, and macOS 10.11–10.15 platforms. [24] Inkscape is packaged with AppImage, Flatpak, PPA, Snap and source by all major Linux distributions (including Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE) with GTK+ 3.24+ (0.92.x with GTK+ 2.20+ for older Linux). [25] [26]

Inkscape can also be installed via FreeBSD ports and pkgsrc, the latter being native to NetBSD, but well-supported on most POSIX platforms, including GNU/Linux, Illumos, and macOS.

As of 2017, Wacom tablet support for GTK 3 is in a reviving project. Version 1.0.x includes GTK 3 and Wacom support depending necessary Wacom Linux or Unix driver. [27] [ needs update ]

macOS

An unresolved issue is currently affecting all GTK3 based apps on macOS Ventura (macOS 13), making the app unresponsive to certain mouse events. GTK is used by many different programs. GTK is a free and open-source cross-platform widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs). [28] Inkscape 1.2.2 is also affected and the web site of Inkscape recommends not to install it on Ventura as long as a stable solution is not available. [29] As of August 2023, the problem is not yet fixed and several months are still required to find a stable solution.

Release history

VersionRelease dateNotable features/changes
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.3511 November 2003Initial release of Inkscape based on Sodipodi 0.32, new keyboard shortcuts [30]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.3611 December 2003GUI redesign and improved usability [31]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.3716 February 2004 [32] Boolean path operations and path inset/outset, major code refactoring [33]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.3812 April 2004 [34] Text kerning and letter spacing, multi-stage gradients [35]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.3920 July 2004 [36] Markers, clones, and pattern fills [37]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.4030 November 2004 [38] Multi-layer support, bitmap tracing (only greyscale), and text on path [39]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.4110 February 2005Clone tiler tool and color bitmap tracing [40]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.4226 July 2005Flowing text support, styling text spans, enhanced effects support, and the new gradient tool [41]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.4319 November 2005Connector tool, collaborative editing, tablet pressure/angle sensitivity [42]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.4424 June 2006Layers panel, support for clipping and masking, PDF export with transparency [43]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.455 February 2007Gaussian blur, pattern along path, new Undo History panel, improved bitmap tracing using simple interactive object extraction, color effects [44]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.4624 March 2008Docking user interface, Paint Bucket, Tweak and 3D Box tools, Live Path Effects, support for most SVG filters, the ability to open PDF files, import from the Open Clip Art Library, and OpenType/PostScript and Type1 font support [45]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.4724 November 2009Eraser tool (can slice paths), timed autosave, spiro splines interface for paths, auto-smooth nodes for paths, spellchecker for the text tool, new path effects like "sketch" and "hatches", new Python extensions like "alphabet soup" and "convert to Braille", basic support for SVG fonts [46]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.48.x23 August 2010;
July 2014		Multipath node editing, improved text tool: subscript, superscript, numerical and preset inputs for text kerning, tracking and more text enhancements, new Airbrush (Spray) tool, LaTeX export with PDF / PS / EPS, JessyInk extension for creating presentations viewable in SVG-enabled web browsers [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.9130 January 2015 [53] Switched from libnr to Cairo rendering library, which brought a significant rendering speed improvement. [54] Refactoring; Measure tool, new import/export formats, grayscale mode, alignment modes, Symbol library and support for Visio stencils, Guides can have labels, variable width strokes (PowerStroke). [55] [56]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.92.x4 January 2017 [57] Infrastructure Focus; Mesh gradients, new path effects, default resolution changed from 90 dpi to 96 dpi to match the CSS standard, options for switching OpenType font features, [58] [59] [60] [61] last release 0.92.5, windows 7 Minimum for Windows since 0.92.4, 0.92.3 Vista and XP last version
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0.x4 May 2020 [62] Transition to GTK3 and Python 3, customizable themes, better HiDPI screen support, controllable width of PowerStroke with pressure sensitive graphics tablet, new PNG export options, variable font support. [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] Native support for MacOS 10.10–10.15 Catalina. [69] [70] Experimental color-managed PDF export. [71] , last release 1.0.2
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.1.x24 May 2021Significant changes in core and GUI, only Python 3 extensions supported, improved live path effects (LPE), [72] [73] [74] last release 1.1.2
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.216 May 2022New Page tool for multiple pages, Layers and Objects dialog merged, improved gradient editor, ability to export to multiple formats, improved SVG Font Editor, new 'Tiling' Live Path effect, improved performance, bugfix and some changes in GUI, improved macOS integration. [75] [76] [77]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.2.114 July 2022Critical Bugfix [78]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.2.25 December 2022Maintenance and critical bug fix. [79] Last version to support Windows 7 and 8.
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.323 July 2023New tools for shape building, pattern editor, document resources, page margin and bleed; return of Search, opacity & blend modes in Layers & Objects dialog and of an optional persistent snap bar; improved canvas editing, XML Editor, welcome dialog, LPE, PDF import, [80] public beta available [81] [82]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.3.118 November 2023Maintenance and bugfix to dedicate to its 20th anniversary [83] [84]
Current stable version:1.3.226 November 2023Fix data loss bugs from previous release, which affect saving stars, polygons, spirals and 3D boxes in SVG. [85]
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Reception

In its 2012 Best of Open Source Software Awards, InfoWorld gave Inkscape an award for being one of the best open-source desktop applications, commending its typographic controls and ability to directly edit the XML text of its documents. [86]

PC Magazine 's February 2019 review was rather mixed, giving the application three out of five. It criticized the interface's graphics and lack of optimization for stylus support, the application's poor interoperability with other graphics editors, unwieldy text formatting controls, and the quality of the Mac version. However, it did praise the ability to add custom filters and extensions, the Inkscape community's passion for creating and sharing them, and the precise path and placement tools. The review concluded that whilst Inkscape "boasts outstanding features and a passionate user base for a free program ... it's not suitable for busy professionals." [87]

In January 2020, TechRadar gave Inkscape a positive rating of four stars out of five. It lauded the wide range of editing tools and support for many file formats, but noted that the application's processing can be slow. It considered Inkscape to be a good free alternative to proprietary graphics editors such as Adobe Illustrator. [88]

According to It's FOSS in July 2023 the 1.3 release of Inkscape mainly focuses on making the user's workflow more organized to work more efficiently, with some new features making it a better alternative to Adobe Illustrator. [89]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Announcement Email 2003-11-06 07:16:26 (UTC)". SourceForge. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  2. ↑ "Inkscape 1.3.2".
  3. ↑ "List of language files at time of release of version 0.92.3 – gitlab.com repository". Inkscape. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  4. ↑ "COPYING in Inkscape source" . Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  5. ↑ "About Inkscape". inkscape.org. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  6. 1 2 "FAQ | Inkscape". inkscape.org. Retrieved 5 May 2020. How did Inkscape start? […] Inkscape was started as a fork of Sodipodi, in late 2003, by four Sodipodi developers: Bryce Harrington, MenTaLguY, Nathan Hurst, and Ted Gould. Our mission was creating a fully compliant Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) drawing tool written in C++ with a new, more user friendly (GNOME Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) compliant) interface and an open, community-oriented development process.
  7. ↑ "Linux.com Interviews Lauris Kaplinski". Linux.com. 24 September 2001. Archived from the original on 18 May 2005. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  8. ↑ "FAQ". Inkscape Project. Retrieved 10 February 2016. What does 'Inkscape' mean? [...] The name is made up of the two English words 'ink' and 'scape'. Ink is a common substance for drawings, and is used when the sketched work is ready to be permanently committed to paper, and thus evokes the idea that Inkscape is ready for production work. A scape is a view of a large number of objects, such as a landscape or ocean-scape, and thus alludes to the object-oriented nature of vector imagery.
  9. ↑ Compare -scape
  10. ↑ "Announcing new project (sodipodi mailing list)". 6 November 2003. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  11. ↑ "Inkscape Sodipodi Comparison" . Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  12. ↑ "Frequently asked questions – Inkscape Wiki". Wiki.inkscape.org. 29 July 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  13. ↑ "Google's Summer of Code". Inkscape wiki. Archived from the original on 4 July 2007.
  14. ↑ "Inkscape moving to Launchpad".
  15. ↑ "Inkscape moves to GitLab".
  16. ↑ "Inkscape tutorial: Calligraphy". inkscape.org. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  17. ↑ "SymbolsDialog – Inkscape Wiki". wiki.inkscape.org. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  18. ↑ "Inkscape Keyboard Layout". openclipart.org. creative commons. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  19. ↑ "Animation". Inkscape. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  20. ↑ "Release notes/1.0 – Inkscape Wiki". wiki.inkscape.org.
  21. ↑ "Extension repository". Inkscape Wiki. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  22. ↑ "inkscape/lib2geom". 18 December 2019 – via GitHub.
  23. ↑ "Graphics Math Library 2geom's First Release Available For Use Beyond Inkscape". Inkscape. 11 November 2018. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023.
  24. ↑ "All Platforms for Inkscape 1.0". inkscape.org. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  25. ↑ "Introducing Inkscape 1.0 | Inkscape".
  26. ↑ "Inkscape 1.0 Theming Guide – Beyond the Basics – Inkscape Forum".
  27. ↑ "Linux Tablet Driver Project Revived | Inkscape".
  28. ↑ The GTK+ Team. "GTK+ Features". Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  29. ↑ Developers, Inkscape Website. "Download Inkscape 1.2.2 | Inkscape". inkscape.org. Inscape. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  30. ↑ Harrington, Bryce (11 November 2003). "[Inkscape] Inkscape Release 0.35". inkscape-announce (Mailing list). Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  31. ↑ Gould, Ted (11 December 2003). "[Inkscape] Inkscape 0.36 – "See, even a 5 year old can use it."". inkscape-announce (Mailing list). Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  32. ↑ Harrington, Bryce (16 February 2004). "[Inkscape] Announcing Inkscape 0.37 Release". inkscape-announce (Mailing list). Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  33. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.37 | Inkscape".
  34. ↑ Harrington, Bryce (12 April 2004). "[Inkscape] Announcing Inkscape 0.38 Release". inkscape-announce (Mailing list). Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  35. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.38.1 | Inkscape".
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  37. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.39 | Inkscape".
  38. ↑ Harrington, Bryce (30 November 2004). "[Inkscape] Announcing Inkscape 0.40 Release". inkscape-announce (Mailing list). Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  39. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.40 | Inkscape".
  40. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.41 | Inkscape".
  41. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.42 | Inkscape".
  42. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.43 | Inkscape".
  43. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.44.1 | Inkscape".
  44. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.45.1 | Inkscape".
  45. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.46 | Inkscape".
  46. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.47 | Inkscape".
  47. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.48 | Inkscape".
  48. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.48.1 | Inkscape".
  49. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.48.2 | Inkscape".
  50. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.48.3.1 | Inkscape".
  51. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.48.4 | Inkscape".
  52. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.48.5 | Inkscape".
  53. ↑ "Inkscape Version 0.91 is Released!". inkscape.org.
  54. ↑ "Release notes/0.91". Inkscape Wiki. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  55. ↑ "Release notes for 0.91". wiki.inkscape.org.
  56. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.91 | Inkscape".
  57. ↑ "Inkscape Version 0.92 is Released!". inkscape.org.
  58. ↑ "Release notes for 0.92". wiki.inkscape.org.
  59. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.92.1 | Inkscape".
  60. ↑ "Inkscape 0.92.2 Delivers Greater Stability and Easier Contributions | Inkscape".
  61. ↑ "Download Inkscape 0.92.2 | Inkscape".
  62. ↑ "Introducing Inkscape 1.0". inkscape.org. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  63. ↑ "Notice of removal of GTK+ 2 support – Inkscape Wiki".
  64. ↑ "GTK+ 3 migration – Inkscape Wiki".
  65. ↑ "GTK+ 3 issues – Inkscape Wiki"., no uniconverter support with less Import filters
  66. ↑ "Download Inkscape 1.0.1". Inkscape.
  67. ↑ "Download Inkscape 1.0alpha0". Inkscape. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023.
  68. ↑ "Release notes/1.0 – Inkscape Wiki". wiki.inkscape.org.
  69. ↑ "Download Inkscape 1.0beta2 | Inkscape". inkscape.org.
  70. ↑ "Inkscape 1.0 beta1 available for testing | Inkscape". inkscape.org.
  71. ↑ "Inkscape version 1.0.1 patches crashes & bugs | Inkscape". inkscape.org.
  72. ↑ "Release notes/1.1 – Inkscape Wiki".
  73. ↑ Developers, Inkscape Website. "Download Inkscape 1.1 | Inkscape". inkscape.org.
  74. ↑ "Welcome to Inkscape 1.1!". Inkscape. 24 May 2021. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023.
  75. ↑ "Download Inkscape 1.2". Inkscape. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024.
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