Illumos

Last updated

Illumos
Illumos logo.svg
Developer Illumos Foundation
Written in C
OS family Unix (SVR4) [1]
Working stateCurrent
Source model Open source with binary blobs
Initial release2010;15 years ago (2010)
Repository
Available in English
Platforms IA-32, x86-64, SPARC, ARM (under development), [2] DEC Alpha
Kernel type Monolithic
License CDDL, BSD, MIT
Preceded by OpenSolaris
Official website illumos.org

Illumos (stylized as "illumos") is a partly free and open-source Unix operating system. [3] It has been developed since 2010 and is based on OpenSolaris, after the discontinuation of that product by Oracle. It comprises a kernel, device drivers, system libraries, and utility software for system administration. Its core has become the base for many different open-sourced Illumos distributions, [4] in a way similar to how the Linux kernel is used in different Linux distributions. [5]

Contents

Name

The maintainers write illumos in lowercase, [6] since some computer fonts do not clearly distinguish a lowercase L from an uppercase i: Il (see homoglyph). [7] The project name is a combination of words illuminare from the Latin for to light, and OS for Operating System. [8]

History and development

The OpenIndiana operating system is one of many Illumos distributions. OpenIndiana Hipster 2021.10 MATE desktop environment screenshot.png
The OpenIndiana operating system is one of many Illumos distributions.

Illumos was announced via webinar on 3 August 2010, [9] as a community effort of a group of core Solaris engineers to create a truly open source Solaris, by swapping closed source bits of OpenSolaris with open implementations. [10] [11] [12] OpenSolaris itself is based on System V Release 4 (SVR4) and the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).

The original plan explicitly stated that Illumos would not be a distribution or a fork. However, after Oracle announced the discontinuation of OpenSolaris, plans were made to fork the final version of the Solaris ON kernel, [a] allowing Illumos to evolve into a kernel of its own. [13] As of 2010, efforts focused on libc, the NFS lock manager, the crypto module, and many device drivers, to create a Solaris-like OS with no closed, proprietary code. As of 2012, development emphasis includes transitioning from the historical compiler, Studio, to GCC. [14] The "userland" software is now built with GNU make, [15] and contains many GNU utilities such as GNU tar. At the time,[ clarification needed ] Illumos had been lightly led by founder Garrett D'Amore and other community members/developers such as Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, via a Developers' Council. [16]

As of 2019 its primary development project, illumos-gate, derives from OS/Net (aka ON), [17] which is a Solaris kernel with the bulk of the drivers, core libraries, and basic utilities, similar to what is delivered by a BSD "src" tree. It was originally dependent on OpenSolaris OS/Net, but a fork was made after Oracle silently decided to close the development of Solaris and unofficially killed the OpenSolaris project. [18] [19] [20]

Features

Distributions

Distributions, at illumos.org [21]

Discontinued:

Illumos Foundation

The Illumos Foundation was incorporated in the State of California in 2012 as a 501(c)6 trade association, with founding board members Jason Hoffman (formerly at Joyent), Evan Powell (Nexenta), and Garrett D'Amore. As of 2024, its status in California is "dissolved". [28]

Notes

  1. ↑ The "OS/Network" consolidation (project), considered the heart of the Solaris kernel

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oracle Solaris</span> Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems

Oracle Solaris is a proprietary Unix operating system offered by Oracle for SPARC and x86-64 based workstations and servers. Originally developed by Sun Microsystems as Solaris, it superseded the company's earlier SunOS in 1993 and became known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider. After the Sun acquisition by Oracle in 2010, it was renamed Oracle Solaris.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenSolaris</span> Open source operating system from Sun Microsystems based on Solaris

OpenSolaris is a discontinued open-source computer operating system for SPARC and x86 based systems, created by Sun Microsystems and based on Solaris. Its development began in the mid 2000s and ended in 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DTrace</span> Dynamic tracing framework for kernel and applications

DTrace is a comprehensive dynamic tracing framework originally created by Sun Microsystems for troubleshooting kernel and application problems on production systems in real time. Originally developed for Solaris, it has since been released under the free Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) in OpenSolaris and its descendant illumos, and has been ported to several other Unix-like systems.

Oracle ZFS is Oracle's proprietary implementation of the ZFS file system and logical volume manager for Oracle Solaris. ZFS is a registered trademark belonging to Oracle.

The Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) is a free and open-source software license, produced by Sun Microsystems, based on the Mozilla Public License (MPL). Files licensed under the CDDL can be combined with files licensed under other licenses, whether open source or proprietary. In 2005 the Open Source Initiative approved the license. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) considers it a free software license, but one which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL).

OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) virtualization paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, including containers, zones, virtual private servers (OpenVZ), partitions, virtual environments (VEs), virtual kernels, and jails. Such instances may look like real computers from the point of view of programs running in them. A computer program running on an ordinary operating system can see all resources of that computer. Programs running inside a container can only see the container's contents and devices assigned to the container.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nexenta OS</span> Discontinued computer operating system

Nexenta OS, officially known as the Nexenta Core Platform, is a discontinued computer operating system based on the OpenSolaris kernel and Ubuntu user space that runs on IA-32- and x86-64-based systems. It emerged in fall 2005, after Sun Microsystems started the OpenSolaris project in June of that year. Nexenta Systems, Inc. initiated the project and sponsored its development. Nexenta OS version 1.0 was released in February 2008.

Solaris Containers is an implementation of operating system-level virtualization technology for x86 and SPARC systems, first released publicly in February 2004 in build 51 beta of Solaris 10, and subsequently in the first full release of Solaris 10, 2005. It is present in illumos distributions, such as OpenIndiana, SmartOS, Tribblix and OmniOS, and in the official Oracle Solaris 11 release.

These tables compare free software / open-source operating systems. Where not all of the versions support a feature, the first version which supports it is listed.

GNU variants are operating systems based upon the GNU operating system. According to the GNU project and others, these also include most operating systems using the Linux kernel and a few others using BSD-based kernels.

Solaris network virtualization and resource control is a set of features originally developed by Sun Microsystems as the OpenSolaris Crossbow umbrella project, providing an internal network virtualization and quality of service framework within the Solaris Operating System. It also enables secure and efficient virtual network interfaces and zones, making it easier to manage network resources.

Sun xVM was a product line from Sun Microsystems that addressed virtualization technology on x86 platforms. One component was discontinued before the Oracle acquisition of Sun; the remaining two continue under Oracle branding.

Sun Open Storage was an open source computer data storage platform developed by Sun Microsystems. Sun Open Storage was advertised as avoiding vendor lock-in.

NexentaStor is an OpenSolaris or more recently Illumos distribution optimized for virtualization, storage area networks, network-attached storage, and iSCSI or Fibre Channel applications employing the ZFS file system.

The Image Packaging System, also known as IPS, is a cross-platform package management system created by the OpenSolaris community in coordination with Sun Microsystems. It is used by Solaris 11 and several Illumos-based distributions: OpenIndiana, OmniOS, XStreamOS and a growing number of layered applications, including GlassFish, across a variety of Operating System platforms. IPS is coded in the Python programming language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenIndiana</span> Solaris-like operating system based on illumos

OpenIndiana is a free and open-source illumos distribution compatible with SPARC and x86-64 based computers. The project began in 2010, forked from OpenSolaris after OpenSolaris was discontinued by Oracle Corporation, and is hence descended from UNIX System V Release 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenZFS</span> Open-source implementation of ZFS file system

OpenZFS is an open-source implementation of the ZFS file system and volume manager initially developed by Sun Microsystems for the Solaris operating system, and is now maintained by the OpenZFS Project. Similar to the original ZFS, the implementation supports features like data compression, data deduplication, copy-on-write clones, snapshots, RAID-Z, and virtual devices that can create filesystems that span multiple disks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nexenta Systems</span> Software company

Nexenta by DDN, Inc., is a subsidiary of DataDirect Networks that sells computer data storage and backup software. It is headquartered in San Jose, California. Nexenta developed NexentaStor, NexentaCloud, NexentaFusion, and NexentaEdge. It was founded as Nexenta Systems, Inc., in 2005.

ZFS is a file system with volume management capabilities. It began as part of the Sun Microsystems Solaris operating system in 2001. Large parts of Solaris, including ZFS, were published under an open source license as OpenSolaris for around 5 years from 2005 before being placed under a closed source license when Oracle Corporation acquired Sun in 2009–2010. During 2005 to 2010, the open source version of ZFS was ported to Linux, Mac OS X and FreeBSD. In 2010, the illumos project forked a recent version of OpenSolaris, including ZFS, to continue its development as an open source project. In 2013, OpenZFS was founded to coordinate the development of open source ZFS. OpenZFS maintains and manages the core ZFS code, while organizations using ZFS maintain the specific code and validation processes required for ZFS to integrate within their systems. OpenZFS is widely used in Unix-like systems.

References

  1. ↑ "Open Brand". www.opengroup.org.
  2. ↑ Clulow, Joshua (25 October 2012). "Raspberry Pi Bring-Up". illumos Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  3. ↑ "Building illumos". illumos.org. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  4. ↑ "Distributions".
  5. ↑ Blankenhorn, Dana. "What Illumos is and is not". ZDNet.
  6. ↑ "FAQ". illumos. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  7. ↑ Mustacchi, Robert (5 September 2015). "Linux to SmartOS cheatsheet, after smartos-discuss vetting, sans deritus [sic]. by cwvhogue - Pull Request #217". GitHub . Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  8. ↑ "Announcement". illumos.org. 15 June 2018.
  9. ↑ D'Amore, Garrett (3 August 2010). "illumos - Hope and Light Springs Anew - Presented by Garrett D'Amore" (PDF). illumos.org. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  10. ↑ "Whither OpenSolaris? illumos Takes Up the Mantle". 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015.
  11. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "OpenIndiana, Illumos, and the OpenSolaris Community (Part 1)". 5 May 2011 – via YouTube.
  12. ↑ D'Amore, Garrett (27 October 2010). "New illumos logo" . Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  13. ↑ D'Amore, Garrett (13 August 2010). "The Hand May Be Forced" . Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  14. ↑ https://www.openindiana.org/documentation/faq/#how-does-openindiana-differ-from-opensolaris Archived 13 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine "Oracle’s Sun Studio has been replaced with the open source GNU GCC compiler."
  15. ↑ "OpenIndiana/oi-userland". GitHub. 28 October 2021.
  16. ↑ Straughan, Deirdré (16 May 2012). "illumos Developers' Council Meeting". illumos.org. Archived from the original on 10 July 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  17. ↑ "os-net-skeleton". bitbucket.org. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  18. ↑ "Oracle staff report big layoffs across Solaris, SPARC teams". www.theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  19. ↑ "OpenSolaris axed by Ellison". www.theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  20. ↑ "illumos sporks OpenSolaris". www.theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  21. ↑ "Distributions - illumos". illumos.org.
  22. ↑ "DilOS". www.dilos.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  23. ↑ "OmniOS CE". omniosce.org. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  24. ↑ "Tribblix". www.tribblix.org. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  25. ↑ "v9os". milax.fi. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  26. ↑ "XStreamOS". Sonicle. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  27. ↑ "OpenSXCE". www.opensxce.org. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
  28. ↑ State of California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General. Registry of Charities and Fundraisers. Accessed December 17, 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.