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Developer | DEC, HP, IBM, Compaq |
---|---|
OS family | Unix, OSF/1 |
Working state | Retired (support ended December 2012) [1] |
Source model | Closed source |
Initial release | January 1992 |
Latest release | 5.1B-6 / October 1, 2010 |
Platforms | DEC Alpha |
Kernel type | Hybrid kernel |
Userland | POSIX |
Default user interface | Command-line interface |
License | Proprietary |
Official website | Tru64 UNIX Software |
Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq, and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where it was known as Digital UNIX (originally DEC OSF/1 AXP).
As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF/1 operating system. DEC's previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD.
It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University. (Other UNIX and UNIX-like implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are GNU Hurd, NeXTSTEP, MkLinux, macOS and Apple iOS.)
Tru64 UNIX required the SRM boot firmware found on Alpha-based computer systems.
In 1988, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) joined with IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and others to form the Open Software Foundation (OSF). A primary aim was to develop a version of Unix, named OSF/1, to compete with System V Release 4 from AT&T Corporation and Sun Microsystems. After DEC's first release (OSF/1 Release 1.0) in January 1992 for their line of MIPS-based DECstation workstations, [2] DEC ported OSF/1 to their new Alpha AXP platform (as DEC OSF/1 AXP), and this was the first version (Release 1.2) of what is most commonly referred to as OSF/1. DEC OSF/1 AXP Release 1.2 was shipped in March 1993. OSF/1 AXP was a full 64-bit operating system and the native UNIX implementation for the Alpha architecture. After OSF/1 AXP V2.0 onwards, UNIX System V compatibility was also integrated into the system.
In 1995, starting with release 3.2, DEC renamed OSF/1 AXP to Digital UNIX to reflect its conformance with the X/Open Single UNIX Specification. [3]
After Compaq's purchase of DEC in early 1998, with the release of version 4.0F, Digital UNIX was renamed to Tru64 UNIX to emphasise its 64-bit-clean nature and de-emphasise the Digital brand.
In April 1999, Compaq announced that Tru64 UNIX 5.0 successfully ran on Intel's IA-64 simulator. [4] However, this port was cancelled a few months later. [5]
A Chinese version of Tru64 UNIX named COSIX was jointly developed by Compaq and China National Computer Software & Technology Service Corporation (CS&S). [6] It was released in 1999.
From release V5.0 Tru64 UNIX offered a clustering facility named TruCluster Server. TruCluster utilised a cluster-wide filesystem visible to each cluster member, plus member specific storage and an optional quorum disk. Member specific files paths were enhanced symbolic links incorporating the member id of the owning member. Each member had one or zero votes, which, combined with a possible quorum disk, implemented a cluster formation algorithm similar to that found in OpenVMS.
With their purchase of Compaq in 2002, HP announced their intention to migrate many of Tru64 UNIX's more innovative features (including its AdvFS, TruCluster, and LSM) to HP-UX. In December 2004, HP announced a change of plan: they would instead use the Veritas File System and abandon the Tru64 advanced features. In the process, many of the remaining Tru64 developers were laid off. [7]
The last maintenance release, 5.1B-6 was released in October 2010. [8]
In October 2010, HP stated that they would continue to support Tru64 UNIX until 31 December 2012. [9]
In 2008, HP contributed the AdvFS filesystem to the open-source community. [10]
These versions were released for Alpha AXP platforms. [11] [12] [13] [14]
Version | Approx Date | Notes |
---|---|---|
DEC OSF/1 1.2 | March 1993 | |
DEC OSF/1 1.2A | April 1993 | Hardware only release |
DEC OSF/1 1.3 | July 1993 | |
DEC OSF/1 1.3A | September 1993 | |
DEC OSF/1 1.3B | November 1993 | Hardware only release |
DEC OSF/1 2.0 | March 1994 | |
DEC OSF/1 2.0A | April 1994 | Logical Storage Manager (LSM) v1; AdvFS v1; ASE v1 introduced |
DEC OSF/1 2.0B | May 1994 | Hardware only release |
DEC OSF/1 2.1 | July 1994 | |
DEC OSF/1 3.0 | August 1994 | SMP support |
DEC OSF/1 3.0A | September 1994 | ASE v1.1; System V Environment |
DEC OSF/1 3.0B | September 1994 | Hardware only release |
Digital UNIX 3.2 | February 1995 | |
Digital UNIX 3.2A | March 1995 | ASE v1.2 |
Digital UNIX 3.2B | May 1995 | Hardware only release |
Digital UNIX 3.2C | July 1995 | |
Digital UNIX 3.2D-1 | January 1996 | ASE v1.3 |
Digital UNIX 3.2D-2 | January 1996 | Hardware only release |
Digital UNIX 3.2E | March 1996 | TruCluster v1.0 |
Digital UNIX 4.0 | March 1996 | CDE made default desktop |
Digital UNIX 3.2F | June 1996 | |
Digital UNIX 3.2G | August 1996 | |
Digital UNIX 4.0A | September 1996 | ASE v1.4 |
Digital UNIX 4.0B | December 1996 | X/Open-compliant Curses |
Digital UNIX 4.0C | April 1997 | |
Digital UNIX 4.0D | December 1997 | Y2K readiness; extended UIDs/GIDs; class scheduler; JDK 1.1.4; Netscape 3.04 |
Digital UNIX 4.0E | November 1998 | ASE v1.5; USB support; AdvFS atomic write data logging; Sendmail 8.8.8; ODBC/JDBC; Netscape 4.05 |
Tru64 UNIX 4.0F | April 1999 | USB keyboard/mouse support; limited DVD support; Netscape 4.5; COM for Tru64 UNIX |
Tru64 UNIX 5.0 | July 1999 | Improved performance/scalability; Hot-swap; Sendmail 8.8.8; OpenMP; Netscape 4.51; X11R6.3 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.0A | April 2000 | UFS Delayed metadata option; Sendmail 8.9.3; Netscape 4.7; ISO 9660 install disc |
Tru64 UNIX 4.0G | May 2000 | Maximum 256 X clients (formerly 128); Netscape 4.7 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1 | September 2000 | Extended System V functionality; Tcl/Tk 8.2; IPv6 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1A | September 2001 | Online CPU addition/removal; UNIX 98 Conformance; X11R6.5; Netscape 4.76 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1B | September 2002 | Big Pages; IPv6 Enhancements; Netscape 6; Unicode 3.1 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-1 | November 2003 | Name Service Switch (NSS); Mozilla 1.4 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-2 | August 2004 | Unified Buffer Cache Scaling; Perl 5.8.4; Mozilla 1.6 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-3 | June 2005 | AdvFS robustness; Accounting refinements; LSM enhancements; Mozilla 1.7.5 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-4 | December 2006 | POSIX conformance; Rebranding (COMPAQ to HP); 2007 U.S. DST changes; BIND 9.2.5 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-5 | March 2009 | Standards conformance; Support for latest DST changes; BIND 9.2.8 |
Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-6 | October 2010 | Defect fixes only. Support ended 31 Dec 2012 |
Digital Equipment Corporation, using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s. The company was co-founded by Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson in 1957. Olsen was president until he was forced to resign in 1992, after the company had gone into precipitous decline.
Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Alpha was designed to replace 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computers (CISC) and to be a highly competitive RISC processor for Unix workstations and similar markets.
OpenVMS, often referred to as just VMS, is a multi-user, multiprocessing and virtual memory-based operating system. It is designed to support time-sharing, batch processing, transaction processing and workstation applications. Customers using OpenVMS include banks and financial services, hospitals and healthcare, telecommunications operators, network information services, and industrial manufacturers. During the 1990s and 2000s, there were approximately half a million VMS systems in operation worldwide.
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The Open Software Foundation (OSF) was a not-for-profit industry consortium for creating an open standard for an implementation of the operating system Unix. It was formed in 1988 and merged with X/Open in 1996, to become The Open Group.
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OSF/1 is a variant of the Unix operating system developed by the Open Software Foundation during the late 1980s and early 1990s. OSF/1 is one of the first operating systems to have used the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University, and is probably best known as the native Unix operating system for DEC Alpha architecture systems.
The DECstation was a brand of computers used by DEC, and refers to three distinct lines of computer systems—the first released in 1978 as a word processing system, and the latter two both released in 1989. These comprised a range of computer workstations based on the MIPS architecture and a range of PC compatibles. The MIPS-based workstations ran ULTRIX, a DEC-proprietary version of UNIX, and early releases of OSF/1.
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PALcode is the name used by DEC in the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA) for a set of functions in the System Reference Manual (SRM) or AlphaBIOS firmware, providing a hardware abstraction layer for system software, covering features such as cache management, translation lookaside buffer (TLB) miss handling, interrupt handling, and exception handling. It evolved from a feature of the DEC PRISM architecture named Epicode.
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