Digital Linear Tape

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A Super DLT I tape cartridge Super DLTtape I.jpg
A Super DLT I tape cartridge

Digital Linear Tape (DLT; previously called CompacTape) is a magnetic-tape data storage technology developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1984 onwards. In 1994, the technology was purchased by Quantum Corporation, who manufactured drives and licensed the technology and trademark. A variant with higher capacity is called Super DLT (SDLT). The lower cost "value line" was initially manufactured by Benchmark Storage Innovations under license from Quantum. Quantum acquired Benchmark in 2002.

Contents

In 2007 Quantum stopped developing DLT drives, shifting its strategy to LTO.

History

DEC TK50 drive and cassette DEC-TK50-drive and cassette.jpg
DEC TK50 drive and cassette
CompacTape II Digital-compactape-ii hg.jpg
CompacTape II
CompacTape III (DLT) Digital-compacttape hg.jpg
CompacTape III (DLT)

DEC launched the TK50 tape drive for the MicroVAX II and PDP-11 minicomputers in 1984. This used 22-track CompacTape I cartridges, storing 94 MB per cartridge. The TK50 was superseded in 1987 by the TK70 drive and the 48-track CompacTape II cartridge, capable of storing 294 MB. In 1989, the CompacTape III (later DLTtape III) format was introduced, increasing the number of tracks to 128 and capacity to 2.6 GB. Later drives into the early 1990s improved the data density of the DLTtape III cartridge, up to 10 GB. The DLTtape IV cartridge was introduced by Quantum in 1994, with increased tape length and data density, initially offering 20 GB per tape. Super DLTtape, originally capable of up to 110 GB, was launched in 2001.

Technology

DLT uses linear serpentine recording with multiple tracks on half-inch (12.7 mm) wide tape. The cartridges contain a single reel and the tape is pulled out of the cartridge by means of a leader tape attached to the take-up reel inside the drive. The drive leader tape is buckled to the cartridge leader during the load process. Tape speed and tension are controlled electronically via the reel motors; there is no capstan. The tape is guided by 4 to 6 rollers that touch only the back side of the tape. Tape material is metal particle tape (MP/AMP).

SDLT adds an optical servo system that reads servo patterns on the back of the tape to keep the data tracks on the front of the tape correctly aligned with the read/write heads. This is important for newer tape media, which have very thin, dense data tracks; 256, 384 and 768 data tracks on a 12-inch-wide (13 mm) tape are available.

DLT7000 and 8000 tilt the head forward and backward to reduce crosstalk between adjacent tracks through azimuth; this is called Symmetric Phase Recording.

All (S)DLT drives support hardware data compression. The often-used compression factor of 2:1 is optimistic and generally only achievable for text data; a more realistic factor for a file system is 1.3:1 to 1.5:1, although drive compression applied to pre-compressed data can actually make the written data larger than having compression turned off in the tape drive.

Media are guaranteed for 30 years of data retention under specified environmental conditions; they are easily damaged by mishandling (dropping or improper packaging during shipment.)

Manufacturers of cartridges for the DLT/SDLT market are Fujifilm, Hitachi/Maxell and Imation. VStape is made by Sony. All other companies/brands (even Quantum) are contractors and/or resellers of these companies.

A new naming convention took effect in 2005, calling the performance line DLT-S and the value line DLT-V.

DLT includes Write Once Read Many (WORM) capability. [1]

In February 2007, Quantum stopped developing the next generations of DLT drives (S5 and V5) after insufficient market acceptance of the S4 and V4 drives, shifting its drive strategy to LTO.

Generations

Comparison of "supertape" capacities, including SDLT. Supertape data storage capacities.svg
Comparison of "supertape" capacities, including SDLT.

Drives

DriveCapacity (GB)InterfaceData Rate (MB/s)DateMedia
TK50/TZ300.1proprietary/SCSI0.0451984CT I
TK700.3proprietary0.0451987CT II
THZ01/DLT260/Tx852.6 DSSI/SCSI 0.81991DLT III
THZ02/DLT600/Tx866 DSSI/SCSI 0.81991DLT III
DLT2000/Tx8710Fast SCSI-2 1.251993DLT III
DLT2000XT15Fast SCSI-2 1.251995DLT IIIXT
DLT4000/Tx8820Fast SCSI-2 1.51994DLT IV
DLT7000/Tx8935Fast/Wide SCSI-2 51996DLT IV
DLT800040Fast/Wide SCSI-2 61999DLT IV
SDLT 220110 Ultra-2-Wide SCSI111998SDLT I
SDLT 320160 Ultra-2-Wide SCSI162002SDLT I
SDLT 600300 Ultra-160 SCSI/FC 2Gb362004SDLT II
SDLT 600A300 GbE (FTP, HTTP)362005SDLT II
DLT-S4800 Ultra-320 SCSI/FC 4Gb/SAS 602006S4
DLT-S4A800 GbE (FTP, HTTP)602007S4
Value line
DLT140Fast/Wide SCSI-2 31999DLT IV
DLT-VS8040Fast/Wide SCSI-2 32001DLT IV
DLT-VS16080 Ultra-2-Wide SCSI82003VS1
DLT-V4160 Ultra-160 SCSI/SATA/USB [2] 102005VS1

Media

NameFormats (GB)ColourSupported by (ro=read only)
CompacTape I0.1Light GreyTK50/TZ30, TK70 (ro)
CompacTape II0.3Dark GreyTK70
DLTtape III2.6, 6, 10Light brownDLT260/600, DLT2000/2000XT/4000/7000
DLTtape IIIXT15WhiteDLT2000XT/4000/7000/8000
DLTtape IV20, 35, 40 [a] Dark brownDLT4000/7000/8000, DLT1/DLT-VS80 [a] , SDLT220/320 (ro)
Cleaning Tape III20 cleansBeigeDLT2000/2000XT/4000/7000/8000
SDLTtape I110, 160Dark greenSDLT220/320, SDLT600 (ro), DLT-S4 (ro)
SDLTtape II300Dark blueSDLT600, DLT-S4 (ro)
DLTtape S4800Dark purpleDLT-S4
SDLT Cleaning Tape20 cleansLight greySDLT220/320/600, DLT-S4
DLTtape VS180, 160Ivory/BlackVS160, DLT-V4, SDLT600 (ro)
DLT VS Cleaning Tape20 cleansBrownDLT1, DLT-VS80
DLT VS160 Cleaning Tape20 cleansLight greyDLT-VS160, DLT-V4

a DLTtape IV can support both DLT4000/7000/8000 and DLT1/DLT-VS80 for full functions; once DLTtape IV media has been written to or formatted in a DLT7000/8000 drive, this media cannot be read, written to, or formatted in a DLT1/DLT-VS80 drive unless it is degaussed. Once the media has been written to or formatted in a DLT4000 drive, the media cannot be written to or formatted in a DLT1/DLT-VS80 drive unless it is degaussed but it can be read. This is because the DLT1/VS series use a different recording format that is not fully supported by the other family.

Tapes written in value series drives can typically be read in (and often written to) higher end drives of a similar vintage, so long as the drive's technical specifications contain interoperability options.

See also

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References

  1. DLTSage WORM functionality is available at no additional charge, Quantum.
  2. "Product Info", Online Store, Quantum.

Standards