Compaq LTE

Last updated
LTE
Compaq logo 1993.svg
Compaq LTE 5100 off-angle.jpg
LTE 5100, from 1995
Developer Compaq Computer Corporation
Manufacturer
Type Laptop (notebook)
Release dateOctober 1989;34 years ago (1989-10)
Lifespan1989–1997
DiscontinuedJune 1997;26 years ago (1997-06)
Units soldOver 2 million
Predecessor SLT
Successor Armada
Related Contura

The LTE is a line of laptops manufactured by Compaq Computer Corporation, introduced in 1989 and discontinued in 1997. It was the first notebook-sized laptop sold by Compaq and the first commercially successful notebook computer, helping launch the burgeoning industry.

Contents

Development of the LTE line began in 1986; the company conceived it as their first attempt at a truly lightweight portable computer, aiming to replace their Portable and SLT lines. The first two models in the LTE line—the LTE and LTE/286—competed with other notebook computers such as NEC's UltraLite and Zenith's MinisPort. However, whereas the UltraLite and MinisPort failed to gain much uptake due to their novel but nonstandard data storage technologies, the LTE succeeded on account of its use of the conventional floppy drive and spinning hard drive, allowing users to transfer data to and from their desktop computers without any hassle. As well, Compaq began offering docking stations with the release of the LTE/386s in 1990, providing performance comparable to then-current desktop machines.

The first LTEs received glowing praise among technology reviewers, who saw it as a revolution in mobile computing. It was a direct influence on both Apple and IBM for the development of their own notebook computers. The first generation of LTE gave way to succeeding lines, including the LTE Lite in 1992, the LTE Elite in 1994, and the LTE 5000 series in 1995, all of which received mostly positive reviews. Compaq sold over two million units across the LTE's lifespan. They succeeded it with the Armada line in 1997.

Background

The concept for the LTE line was originally drafted for Compaq in 1986 by Christopher J. Gintz, who was director of technical and planning development for the company at the time. [1] [2] Between this time and the unveiling of the LTE in October 1989, Compaq released the Portable 386 in 1987, another entry in Compaq's long line of portable computers, and the SLT/286 in 1988, Compaq's first ever laptop. [3]

During this time, a new size class of laptops had begun to appear in the marketplace, which journalists dubbed notebooks. In terms of footprint, these notebooks measured roughly the size of a sheet of ANSI Letter paper—8.5 by 11 inches (215.9 by 279.4 mm)—making them easy to slip into an average-sized briefcase, and were relatively lightweight, making them easy to lift with one hand. [4] The first clamshell notebook was NEC's UltraLite in 1988. [4] [5] Weighing in at 4.4 pounds (2.0 kg), the UltraLite eschewed from conventional floppy and hard disk drives for software and data storage, in favor of proprietary ROM and RAM cards. This approach was technically impressive but led to slow adoption rates by consumers due to the difficulty of transferring data to and from IBM PCs and compatibles because of the lack of an internal floppy drive. Zenith Data Systems' notebook-sized MinisPort, released slightly after the UltraLite in 1989, did little to ameliorate this issue despite offering an internal floppy drive due to its non-standard, 2.5-inch format. [4]

Development and specifications

First generation

LTE/286, from 1989 Compaq LTE 1st generation.jpg
LTE/286, from 1989

The LTE and LTE/286, released in October 1989, were true notebooks, each occupying exactly the footprint of ANSI Letter paper while measuring 1.9 inches (48 mm) thick. [6] : 33  [7] : 56  The LTE was the first notebook on the market with conventional 3.5-inch floppy disk drives, as well as the first with optional hard disk drives. [4] [8] Compaq sourced their floppy drives from Citizen Watch and their hard drives from Conner Peripherals. Despite the drive's platters measuring 3.5 inches in diameter, as had been typical of desktop computers since the late 1980s, the drive's casing measured 0.75 inches (19 mm) thick—much thinner than the desktop drives of its day. This allowed Compaq to fit a spinning hard drive within the confines of the notebook-sized computer. [6] : 34  Compaq offered the baseline, 8086-equipped LTE with either an internal 20-MB Conner hard drive or no hard drive at all (while still possessing a floppy drive). On the other hand, Compaq offered users the option to buy the 286-based LTE/286 with a 40-MB hard drive, a 20-MB hard drive, or no hard drive. [6] : 34  [lower-alpha 1]

The LTE and LTE/286 feature monochrome LCD screens manufactured by Citizen Watch. The LCD measures 7.7 inches wide by 3.7 inches tall and is capable of displaying CGA graphics in four shades of gray. The screens contain an blue electroluminescent backlight, allowing users to read off the laptops in low-light conditions. [6] : 34  [9] The LTE sports an 80C86 clocked at 9.54 MHz, while the LTE/286 is based on the 80C286 clocked at 12 MHz. Both are respectively CMOS versions of Intel's 8086 and 80286 processors, intended for low-power applications such as battery-powered portable computers. [6] : 33  [lower-alpha 2] The LTE and LTE/286 are equipped with 640 KB of internal RAM, expandable to 1.6 MB (for the LTE) or 2.6 MB (for the LTE/286) of RAM with the use of the use of 1- and 2-MB proprietary RAM cards that were sold by Compaq. [6] : 34  [11] : 112 

The Compaq LTE and LTE/286 were primarily manufactured by Compaq at their Houston campus. Compaq later signed a contract with Citizen to allow the latter to manufacture models of the LTE and LTE/286 for distribution in certain territories. [8] [12] This was the first time that Citizen, primarily a manufacture of timepieces and precision electronics, had manufactured an entire computer system. [12]

LTE/386s, from 1990 CompaqLTE386.jpg
LTE/386s, from 1990

In October 1990 the company unveiled the LTE/386s, featuring the Intel 386SX processor clocked at 20 MHz. [13] The stock memory was bumped up to 2 MB, expandable to 10 MB, with the same proprietary RAM cards as its predecessor; the number of card slots was increased to two for the LTE/386s. [14] The LTE/386s also replaced the stubbly display panel of the older models with a full-sized, 9-inch-diagonal LCD capable of displaying VGA graphics in sixteen shades of gray, in a return to form from the SLT. [15] [16] : 81  The designers behind the LTE/386s made heavy use of rigid-flex interconnects between the different printed circuit boards, as well as custom ASICs, in order to save weight and reduce the amount of fragile wires and cables. [15] [9] [13] Furthermore, the LTE/386s was the first of Compaq's laptops to use Conner's portable-oriented hard drives, whose platter diameters measured 2.5 inches across as opposed to 3.5 inches across. [17] [18]

LTE Lite

LTE Lite 4/33C, from 1993 Compaq LTE LITE 4-33C (3).jpg
LTE Lite 4/33C, from 1993

The LTE Lite, released in 1992, improved the battery life and quality of its predecessors' LCD panels while reducing weight. The LTE Lite/20 and LTE Lite/25 introduced suspend and hibernation modes, as well as a BIOS password and a Kensington slot for added security. [19] Starting with the LTE Lite/25C and LTE Lite/25E, a trackball was built into the display housing on the right side, with the left- and right-click buttons on the reverse side of the housing. [20] The LTE Lite/20 and LTE Lite/25 used Intel's low-powered, portable-specific 80386SL processor. [21] [22] [23] [24] The LTE Lite 4/25, announced in November 1992, was the first laptop to feature Intel's later portable-specific i486SL. [25]

Manufacturing of the LTE Lites was initially performed at Compaq's plant in Houston, Texas. As with the preceding LTEs, Compaq used Citizen Watch of Japan as manufacturer for its monochrome passive-matrix LCDs and as a second source for manufacturing of the entire systems. [20] [26] Citizen later became its sole manufacturer. [27] Meanwhile, Compaq purchased the monochrome active-matrix panels used in the Lite/25E and Lite 4/25E from Hosiden. [28] [lower-alpha 3] Production of the LTE Lite was again moved from Citizen in Japan to Compaq's overseas plant in Singapore in 1994—Compaq citing wanting to fill vacant production lines in that plant, which also manufactured its Contura line of budget notebooks. [27] The LTE Lite sold very well and quickly became Compaq's flagship mobile computer, overtaking sales of their earlier luggable portables. [30]

LTE Elite

LTE Elite 4/75 CX, from 1994, in the SmartStation docking station Compaq LTE Elite 4-75CX in docking station crop.jpg
LTE Elite 4/75 CX, from 1994, in the SmartStation docking station

The LTE Elite series, released in March 1994, [31] was Compaq's first product with slots for PC Cards (known contemporaneously as PCMCIA cards, after the association who founded the card standard). [32] Unlike other vendor's implementation of PC Cards, the LTE Elite's was largely plug and play, allowing cards to be removed and new cards to be inserted without rebooting the machine. Compaq worked closely with Microsoft to develop the necessary support drivers for plug-and-play PC Cards in Windows 3.1 and the forthcoming Windows 95. [33] VLSI Technology, whose largest customer at the time was Compaq, worked closely with the latter to design the PC Card controller ASIC. [34] The LTE Elite also integrated the AC adapter into the main body of the laptop, eliminating the need for an external power brick. This was the first time this approach had been done in a notebook-sized computer. [35] [36] : 37  Another new feature of the LTE Elite was the ability of its processors to be upgraded and replaced, owing to its use of a socket rather than a soldered-on surface-mount package typical of laptops in the mid-1990s. [32] The laptops' hard drives are also easily removable by the end user with the press of a button and can also be locked into the chassis with a security tab built into the drive's caddy. [32] [37] The LTE Elite retained the built-in trackball of the LTE Lite. [38]

The LTE Elite series was manufactured in large part in Compaq's facility in Singapore. [39] Certain surface-mount PCBs were manufactured in Compaq's factory in Erskine, while final assembly of each LTE Elite was completed in Houston. [34] [40] The LTE Elite line was plauged with manufacturing issues and technical faults, leading to several recalls. [41] [42] [43] These factors and more contributed to a proportional shrinkage in Compaq's laptop market share, despite the company's total market share slightly increasing from 1993. In 1994, Toshiba overtook Compaq as the top manufacturer of laptops in the United States, helped along with their Satellite line of laptops. [41] [44]

LTE 5000 series

The LTE 5000 series, released in September 1995, was a top-to-bottom redesign. The last in the LTE line, [45] : C2  [46] the LTE 5000 series was the debut of Intel's multimedia-oriented Pentium processor in a Compaq laptop. It was also Compaq's first laptop with built-in 16-bit audio synthesis and playback (beyond the PC speaker); hardware acceleration for video; and an infrared port for communicating with PDAs. [47] [48] : 124  An optional MPEG decoder card also allowed the laptop to stream MPEG video in real-time as well as output video to television sets and projectors. [44] Compaq abandoning the ambitious internal AC adapter of the Elite line in favor of the familiar power brick. [49] [50] In its stead was what Compaq termed the MultiBay: a multipurpose, hot-swappable [51] : 41  expansion slot in the front of the machine that allowed users to slot in a floppy drive, a CD-ROM drive (a first for the LTE line), a second hard drive for more disk storage, or a second battery for frequent travelers. [47] Compaq also offered a full-feature docking station that added several other MultiBay units to the machine, on top of additional PC Cards and an Ethernet port. [52] The LTE 5000 series also abandoned the monitor-mounted trackballs of older models in favor of an implementation of IBM's keyboard-mounted pointing stick technology. [44] [53]

Because of the disappointing performance of the LTE Elite, Compaq hired Inventec of Taiwan to co-design and manufacture in full the LTE 5000 series. The partnership not only hastened development of a successor but also gained Compaq access to Taiwan's more cutting-edge technologies in the field of mobile computer production. [41] [54] [42] It was the first time in several years that Compaq relied on an outside company to design a portable computer of theirs and was the first machine Compaq had manufactured entirely in Taiwan. [55] [56]

Docking stations

The LTE range was marketed as a desktop replacement; with its optional docking stations, it allowed peripherals to be permanently connected. The LTE laptop would be simply removed from the docking station to be used on the go and then docked to use in the office. [52]

The LTE/386s was the first LTE offered with an optional docking station, allowing the computer to be used more or less like a desktop computer. The docking station added a pair of full-length, 16-bit ISA slots to the machine and two 5.25-inch drive bays. Compaq shipped their docking station with a VGA monitor and a standard desktop keyboard. [14] : 141  [15] The docking station connected to the back of the LTE/386s via a new specialized connector on the rear of the laptop. [57] Compaq also sold an internal CD-ROM adapter for the LTE/386s that fits into its modem expansion slot, allowing the computer to be used with an optional external CD-ROM drive, making it one of the first laptops to natively support CD-ROM. [15] : 1 

Compaq introduced four new docking stations for the LTE Elite line: the SmartStation, the MiniStation/EN, the MiniStation/TR, and the OptiByte Media Station. [36] : 37, 39  The SmartStation was the second-most-expensive and feature-packed; like Apple's Duo Dock, the SmartStation loaded the LTE Elite into a rectangular, VCR-like slot, allowing the laptop to be used like a desktop computer, with an external monitor perched on top of the docking station. The SmartStation added two 5.25-inch drive bays, two ISA slots for IBM PC–compatible expansion cards, SCSI-2 ports for parallel peripherals and external storage, and Ethernet ports for networking. The MiniStation/EN and MiniStation/TR meanwhile were simple port replicators adding one of each of the aforementioned SCSI-2 ports and networking ports. The MiniStation/EN provided a Ethernet port, while the MiniStation/TR provided a Token Ring port. The OptiByte Media Station, meanwhile, was the most expensive but added a 16-bit sound card, a double-speed CD-ROM drive and built-in speakers, as well as providing a free ISA slot. [36] : 39  This added sound synthesis capability to an otherwise silent laptop (barring the internal PC speaker). [32] The OptiByte Media Station was designed and manufactured by AccuMem Systems and resold by Compaq. [36] : 39 

Sales and impact

The LTE was the first commercially successful notebook computer and helped jump-start the burgeoning notebook industry. Compaq was helped in no small part by their decision to incorporate both a 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and a conventional spinning hard disk drives on higher-end models—data storage mediums that the majority of customers using desktop computers had built their entire computing ecosystem around by that point in 1989. [58] From its introduction in 1989 to its discontiuation in 1997, Compaq sold over two million units of the entire LTE lineup, generating over US$1.5 billion in revenue for the company. [59] The company sold the first 100,000 units of the LTE in December 1990. [60] : 71  The LTE Lite in particular sold very well for Compaq, [61] Citizen manufacturing between 20,000 and 25,000 LTE Lite units each month between 1992 and 1993. [27]

The unexpected success of the LTE line was a major factor in the development of notebook computers at both Apple and IBM. [62] : 59  [63] : 75  Apple released their first laptop, the Macintosh Portable, in September 1989—a little over a month before the LTE debuted. While in development longer than the LTE and with a far larger sales backlog, the LTE outperformed the Macintosh Portable in the marketplace by an order of magnitude due to customer preference for the LTE's smaller footprint and lower weight. [62] : 59  In response, Apple developed what would become the PowerBook in 1990. [62] : 60  Likewise, the LTE also spurred IBM to rush the development of a smaller laptop to compete with Compaq. This initiative eventually bore the PS/2 Model L40 SX in 1991—a predecessor to the ThinkPad line. [63] : 75 

Reception

The first generation of LTE received glowing praise in the computing press, where multiple reveiwers dubbed the machines breakthroughs in mobile computing. [7] : 56  [16] : 81  [6] : 35  Mitt Jones of PC Magazine called the LTE and LTE/286, "without reservation, the most exciting and usable laptops on the market", albeit expensive at launch. [6] : 35  Of the 80C86-based LTE, Jones wrote called the machine "somewhat miraculous ... In the same way the UltraLite seemed impossible for its size [in 1988], the LTE seems impossible now". [64] Fredric Burke of the same publication, reviewing the LTE/286 a year after its release, called it "the class act in its field", praising its expandability, the legibility of the LCD, and the performance of the battery. [11] : 112, 125  Both PC Magazine and InfoWorld rated the LTE/386s the fastest 386-class notebook those magazines had reviewed up to that point in early 1991. [65] [66] : 117 

Critics rated the initial LTE Lites among the top-performing 386 laptops in terms of graphics performance and among the top five of 386 laptops in terms of rendering graphics within Windows. [67] [21] The battery life of these machines received mixed assessments, however, [68] [26] as did the feeling of the keyboard switches and the quality of the passive-matrix LCDs. [26] [68] [24] Reviewers preferred the active-matrix LCDs of the later LTE Lites, which they gave high marks for their greater viewing angles and sharpness. [22] [23] [24]

Despite the LTE Elite's technical issues, the lineup received generally positive reviews from the technology press, [69] : 182  with PC World writing that the LTE Elites "push[ed] beyond the basic requirements of mobile computing" and "move[d] the mobile computing standard forward". [70] Critics generally appreciated the convenience of the integrated AC adapter, [32] [71] : C5  [72] [33] [73] with PC Week writing that "the convenience of carrying just the notebook and small power cord is instantly apparent ... the Elite is more convenient to carry than some of the so-called subnotebooks". [32] Multiple reviewers also judged the battery life of the LTE Elite an improvement over the LTE Lite. [74] [38] : C5  Some considered the LTE Elite too expensive on launch. [38] [35]

The LTE 5000 series' redesigned chassis and added multimedia capabilities received high marks. [75] [50] [76] [77] [78] Dwight Silverman of the Houston Chronicle dubbed the machines "an everything-but-the-kitchen-sink approach to computer design [that] virtually bludgeons the competition with a mass of features". [75] Many reviewers found the active-matrix LCDs of the higher-end models uncharacteristically dim, [75] [79] due to Compaq coating their polarizers with a dark film intended to increase contrast when looked at straight-on while reducing visibility from far angles. [56] [75] Compaq replaced the backlight inverter of successor models with a higher-voltage unit in response to this criticism. [53] [80]

Successor

Compaq began retiring the LTE line with the 5000 series after introducing the Armada line in 1996. The final LTE 5000 models rolled off the line in the middle of June 1997. [45] The Armada series marked the return of Compaq manufacturing their own laptops; following the end of the LTE 5000 series, Compaq severed ties with Inventec. [81]

Models

Compaq LTE series lineup
ModelRelease dateProcessorClock
speed
(MHz)		LCD technologyLCD
size
(in.)		LCD
resolution		Stock
memory (max.)		External
cache
(KB)		HDDInternal
pointing
device		Notes/ref(s).
LTE Model 1October 1989 Intel 8086 9.54Passive-matrix monochrome8.8640×200640 KB (1.6 MB)NoneNone [lower-alpha 4] [lower-alpha 5] [6]
LTE Model 20October 1989 Intel 8086 9.54Passive-matrix monochrome8.8640×200640 KB (1.6 MB)20 MBNone [lower-alpha 5] [6]
LTE/286 Model 1October 1989 Intel 80286 12Passive-matrix monochrome8.8640×200640 KB (2.6 MB)NoneNone [lower-alpha 4] [lower-alpha 5] [6]
LTE/286 Model 20October 1989 Intel 80286 12Passive-matrix monochrome8.8640×200640 KB (2.6 MB)20 MBNone [lower-alpha 5] [6]
LTE/286 Model 40October 1989 Intel 80286 12Passive-matrix monochrome8.8640×200640 KB (2.6 MB)40 MBNone [lower-alpha 5] [6]
LTE/386s Model 30October 1990 Intel i386SX 20Passive-matrix monochrome9640×4802 MB (10 MB)6430 MBNone [lower-alpha 5] [82] [83]
LTE/386s Model 60October 1990 Intel i386SX 20Passive-matrix monochrome9640×4802 MB (10 MB)6430 MBNone [lower-alpha 5] [82] [83]
LTE/386s Model 84November 1991 Intel i386SX 20Passive-matrix monochrome9640×4802 MB (10 MB)6430 MBNone [lower-alpha 5] [82] [83] [18]
LTE Lite/20 Model 40January 1992 Intel i386SL 20Passive-matrix monochrome9.5640×4802 MB (18 MB)1640 MBNone [84]
LTE Lite/20 Model 60January 1992 Intel i386SL 20Passive-matrix monochrome9.5640×4802 MB (18 MB)1660 MBNone [84]
LTE Lite/25 Model 60January 1992 Intel i386SL 25Passive-matrix monochrome9.5640×4802 MB (18 MB)1660 MBNone [84]
LTE Lite/25 Model 84January 1992 Intel i386SL 25Passive-matrix monochrome9.5640×4802 MB (18 MB)1684 MBNone [84]
LTE Lite/25 Model 120January 1992 Intel i386SL 25Passive-matrix monochrome9.5640×4802 MB (18 MB)16120 MBNone [84]
LTE Lite/25C Model 84June 1992 Intel i386SL 25Active-matrix color8.4640×4804 MB (20 MB)6484 MB Trackball [85]
LTE Lite/25C Model 120June 1992 Intel i386SL 25Active-matrix color8.4640×4804 MB (20 MB)64120 MB Trackball [85]
LTE Lite/25E Model 84November 1992 Intel i386SL 25Active-matrix monochrome9.5640×4804 MB (20 MB)6484 MB Trackball [86]
LTE Lite/25E Model 120November 1992 Intel i386SL 25Active-matrix monochrome9.5640×4804 MB (20 MB)64120 MB Trackball [86]
LTE Lite 4/25C Model 120November 1992 Intel i486SL 25Active-matrix color8.4640×4804 MB (20 MB)8120 MB Trackball [86]
LTE Lite 4/25C Model 209November 1992 Intel i486SL 25Active-matrix color8.4640×4804 MB (20 MB)8209 MB Trackball [86]
LTE Lite 4/25 Model 120May 1993 Intel i486SL 25Passive-matrix monochrome9.5640×4804 MB (20 MB)8120 MB Trackball [87]
LTE Lite 4/25E Model 120May 1993 Intel i486SL 25Active-matrix monochrome9.5640×4804 MB (20 MB)8120 MB Trackball [87]
LTE Lite 4/25E Model 209May 1993 Intel i486SL 25Active-matrix monochrome9.5640×4804 MB (20 MB)8209 MB Trackball [87]
LTE Lite 4/33C Model 120May 1993 Intel i486SL 33Active-matrix color8.4640×4804 MB (20 MB)8120 MB Trackball [87]
LTE Lite 4/33C Model 209May 1993 Intel i486SL 33Active-matrix color8.4640×4804 MB (20 MB)8209 MB Trackball [87]
LTE Elite 4/40CMarch 1994 Intel i486DX2 40Passive-matrix color9.5640×4804 MB (20 MB)170 MB Trackball [88] [33]
LTE Elite 4/50EMarch 1994 Intel i486DX2 50Active-matrix monochrome9.5640×4808 MB (24 MB)250 MB Trackball [88] [33]
LTE Elite 4/40CXMarch 1994 Intel i486DX2 40Active-matrix color8.4640×4804 MB (20 MB)170 MB or 340 MB Trackball [88] [33]
LTE Elite 4/50CXMarch 1994 Intel i486DX2 50Active-matrix color9.5640×4808 MB (24 MB)340 MB Trackball [88] [33]
LTE Elite 4/75CMarch 1995 Intel i486DX4 75Passive-matrix color9.5640×4808 MB (32 MB)340 MB or 510 MB Trackball [33] [89]
LTE Elite 4/75CXMarch 1994 Intel i486DX4 75Active-matrix color9.5640×4804 MB (24 MB)340 MB or 510 MB Trackball [88] [33]
LTE Elite 4/75CXLMarch 1995 Intel i486DX4 75Active-matrix color10.4640×4808 MB (32 MB)510 MB or 810 MB Trackball [89] [33]
LTE 5000 Model 510 CSTNSeptember 1995 Intel Pentium 75Passive-matrix color10.4640×4808 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)510 MB Pointing stick [90] [91]
LTE 5000 Model 810 CSTNSeptember 1995 Intel Pentium 75Passive-matrix color11.3640×4808 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)810 MB Pointing stick [90] [91]
LTE 5000 Model 810 CTFTSeptember 1995 Intel Pentium 75Active-matrix color10.4640×4808 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)810 MB Pointing stick [90] [91]
LTE 5100 Model 810 CTFTSeptember 1995 Intel Pentium 90Active-matrix color10.4800x6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)810 MB Pointing stick [90] [91]
LTE 5100 Model 810 CD CTFTSeptember 1995 Intel Pentium 90Active-matrix color10.4800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)810 MB Pointing stick [90] [91]
LTE 5150 Model 810 CSTN 800×600June 1996 Intel Pentium 100Passive-matrix color11.3800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)810 MB Pointing stick [92] [91]
LTE 5200 Model 1350 CTFTSeptember 1995 Intel Pentium 120Active-matrix color10.4800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)1.35 GB Pointing stick [90] [91]
LTE 5250 Model 810 CTFT 800×600June 1996 Intel Pentium 120Active-matrix color10.4800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)810 MB Pointing stick [92] [91]
LTE 5280 Model 810 CTFT 800×600April 1996 Intel Pentium 120Active-matrix color11.3800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)810 MB Pointing stick [93] [91]
LTE 5280 Model 1350 CTFT 800×600April 1996 Intel Pentium 120Active-matrix color11.3800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)1.35 GB Pointing stick [93] [91]
LTE 5300 Model 1350 CTFT 800×600April 1996 Intel Pentium 133Active-matrix color12.1800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)1.35 GB Pointing stick [93] [91]
LTE 5300 Model 2160 CTFT 800×600April 1996 Intel Pentium 133Active-matrix color12.1800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)2.16 GB Pointing stick [93] [91]
LTE 5380 Model 2160 CTFT 1024×768November 1996 Intel Pentium 133Active-matrix color12.11024×7688 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)2.16 GB Pointing stick [94] [91]
LTE 5400 Model 2160 CTFT 800×600November 1996 Intel Pentium 150Active-matrix color12.1800×6008 MB or 16 MB (80 MB)2.16 GB Pointing stick [94] [91]

Explanatory notes

  1. ↑ Compaq also sold external 360-KB and 1.2-MB 5.25-inch floppy drives compatible with the LTE as means of removable storage. [6] : 35 
  2. ↑ For the LTE/286 only, the laptop supports an optional math co-processor, the 80C287. [10]
  3. ↑ These were the same LCDs used by Apple in some entries of their PowerBook 100 series. Compaq were the only notebook manufacturer besides Apple to make use of active-matrix monochrome LCDs. [29] [23]
  4. 1 2 Equipped with only a single 3.5-inch, 1.44 MB floppy disk drive
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RAM expandable through proprietary memory cards

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The Digital HiNote was a series of laptop computers manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1994 until 1998 and by Compaq from 1998 until 2002. It was generally positively reviewed by technology journalists. The series consisted of the VP and Ultra models which were based on the i486, Pentium, Pentium MMX and Pentium II. After Digital was acquired by Compaq in 1998, the series was phased out.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NEC ProSpeed</span>

The ProSpeed was a line of laptop computers developed by NEC in 1988. It was introduced simultaneously with their slimmer and less heavy UltraLite line of notebook computers. The i386SX-equipped CSX model, released in September 1989, was the first laptop with a color LCD. It was also one of the first laptops with to be offered with a docking station. The CSX model was featured on the front cover of PC Magazine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NEC Versa</span>

The Versa was a line of laptop computers sold by the Japanese electronics conglomerate NEC Corporation from 1993 to 2009. It comprised many form factors of laptops, from conventional clamshell notebooks to pen-enabled convertibles featuring detachable displays, before the line was effectively discontinued in 2009 after NEC pulled out of the global market for personal computers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epson ActionNote</span> Series of laptop computers

The ActionNote was a series of laptop computers developed by Epson America in 1993. The series was Epson's answer to the small businesses and home office market for laptops and initially ran alongside their corporate-oriented NB series of laptops. The series was segmented into premium and low-cost offerings and included a subnotebook, the ActionNote 4000. The bulk of the laptops' manufacturing was performed by ASE Technologies of Taiwan, with the exception of the short-lived initial entries into the 700 series, which were produced by Jabil Circuit. The ActionNote received mixed, mostly positive, reception in its lifespan before Epson America silently left the personal computer market in 1996.

The PB286LP, released in 1989, was Packard Bell's first laptop computer. The laptop featured an 80C286 processor clocked at 12 MHz and 1 MB of RAM, along with a single ISA expansion slot. Packard Bell released the PB286LP in 1989 among a slew of products aimed at the corporate market. Technology writers gave it mostly positive reviews, although some noted its 16-lb weight as hefty and its monochrome LCD as somewhat flawed. Originally only capable of CGA-mode graphics, the laptop was updated in 1990 to support VGA. Packard Bell discontinued the PB286LP in 1991, in favor of more-compact, notebook-sized computers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canon Computer Systems</span> American subsidiary (1992–2001)

Canon Computer Systems, Inc. (CCSI), sometimes shortened to Canon Computer, was an American subsidiary of Canon Inc. formed in 1992 to develop and market the parent company's personal computers and workstations. The subsidiary also assumed the responsibility of marketing Canon's printers and photocopiers, which were formerly sold by other Canon divisions. It went defunct in January 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sharp PC-4500</span> 1987 laptop computer by Sharp Electronics

The Sharp PC-4500 is a line of laptop computers released by Sharp Corporation in 1987. The line comprises the PC-4501, the PC-4502, and the PC-4521. The PC-4501 is a bare-bones unit with only 256 KB of RAM stock, only one floppy drive, no backlighting, and no built-in numeric keypad; the PC-4502 and PC-4521 bumps the stock RAM to 640 KB and includes the latter two features while providing either two floppy drive (PC-4502) or one floppy drive and a 20 MB hard drive (PC-4521). Prices on the line initially ranged from $1,295 to just under $3,000; the PC-4501 was later sold for $995, becoming one of the first sub-$1,000 laptops available on the market. The PC-4500 line received mixed, mostly positive, reviews on its release in September 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Librex Computer Systems</span>

Librex Computer Systems Inc. was a short-lived American subsidiary of the Nippon Steel Corporation that manufactured notebook computers from 1990 to 1992. Librex had roots in Nippon Steel's Electronics and Information Systems Division (EISD) back in Japan, which starting in 1986 had formed joint ventures with several high-profile American computer companies. Librex was Nippon Steel EISD's first venture in the United States; it also set up Nippon Steel Computer PLC in the United Kingdom to sell identical products. The company's notebooks received praise in the technology press, but a fierce price war in the market for laptops in the early 1990s combined with dwindling profit margins compelled Nippon Steel to dissolve Librex in 1993.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zenith SupersPort</span> Line of PC-compatible laptops

The SupersPort is a line of PC-compatible laptops manufactured by Zenith Data Systems and sold from 1988 to 1993. The first two main entries in the SupersPort line included either an Intel 80286 microprocessor clocked at 12 MHz or an 8088 processor clocked at 8 or 4.77 MHz, switchable. Later entries included the 386SX, 486SX and 486 processors. The SupersPort 286 in particular was one of the top-selling laptops of the late 1980s, although Zenith's position in this segment faltered by the early 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cumulus Corporation</span> American computer company

Cumulus Corporation was an American computer peripheral and system manufacturer active from 1987 to 1993. Based in Beachwood, Ohio and started by Tecmar founder Martin Alpert, the company set out to exclusively manufacture expansion products for IBM's Personal System/2 (PS/2) family of computers—mainly RAM expansion cards. It later released cross-platform CPU upgrade cards and memory expansion cards for other platforms besides the PS/2. Beginning in 1990, the company began trading as Cumulus Computer Corporation and began releasing complete systems of their own. Initially a success story for the tech industry in Cleveland, a botched stock launch in 1992 proved disastrous for the company's ailing cash flow situation, and in 1993 the company was liquidated amid massive debt to suppliers and lenders.

Airis Computer Corporation was a short-lived mail-order American computer company active from 1989 to 1993. Its only product, the Airis VH-286 notebook, was widely anticipated for its slim yet powerful design and long-battery life, owing to the use of disposable C batteries as its primary source of power. The product was met with a number of delays owing to FCC regulations and other unspecified reasons. Airis collapsed in 1993, amid the conclusion of a trademark infringement lawsuit with Harris Corporation; Airis' rights to their namesake trademark lapsed in late 1992. Both Byte and PC Magazine claim that Airis never sold any units of the laptop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Compaq LTE Elite</span> Series of notebook-sized laptop comports

The LTE Elite was a series of notebook-sized laptops under the LTE line manufactured by Compaq from 1994 to 1996. All laptops in the LTE Elite range sported Intel's i486 processors, from the 40 MHz DX2 to the 75 MHz DX4. The LTE Elite was the first notebook-sized laptop to house the AC adapter inside the case itself, eliminating the need to carry an external power brick. The LTE Elite line was replaced by the LTE 5000 series in 1995. Compaq ceased manufacturing the LTE Elite line in March 1996.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Compaq LTE 5000 series</span>

The LTE 5000 series was a series of notebook-sized laptops under the LTE line manufactured by Compaq from 1995 to 1997. The LTE 5000 series was Compaq's first laptop with Pentium processors from Intel. The line of computers were co-developed between Compaq and Inventec of Taiwan and were manufactured entirely by Inventec overseas. The LTE 5000 series marked the last generation in the LTE line, Compaq replacing it with the Armada line in 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Compaq LTE (1st generation)</span>

The LTE, LTE/286, and LTE/386s were a series of notebook-sized laptops manufactured by Compaq from 1989 to 1992. The three laptops comprise the first generation of the LTE line, which was Compaq's second attempt at a laptop following the SLT in 1988 and their first attempt at a truly lightweight portable computer. The LTE line proved highly popular—Compaq selling hundreds of thousands of units between the three—and gave way to successive generations of the line, including the LTE Lite, the LTE Elite, and the LTE 5000 series. With its use of industry-standard floppy and hard drive technologies, the LTE was the first commercially successful notebook computer and helped launch the fledgling notebook industry, which had seen earlier attempts fail due to the use of novel but nonstandard data storage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Data General Walkabout</span>

The Walkabout is a family of notebook-sized laptop computers introduced by Data General in 1989 and discontinued in 1993. The first entry in the line, simply named the Walkabout, was a battery-powered portable terminal capable of emulating multiple protocols; as well, it contains a rudimentary word processor, an autodialer utility for placing phone calls, and a real-time clock display and timer application for setting reminders. The successor to the first model, the Walkabout/SX, released in 1990, was an architectural redesign allowing the laptop to be used as a general-purpose IBM PC compatible. The penultimate entry, the Walkabout/320, increased its predecessor's i386SX processor clock speed from 16 MHz to 20 MHz, while the last entry in the line, the Walkabout/386SL, replaced the processor with Intel's portable-centric i386SL processor clocked at 25 MHz.

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