List of operating systems

Last updated

This is a list of operating systems. Computer operating systems can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing, working state, usage, and by many other characteristics. In practice, many of these groupings may overlap. Criteria for inclusion is notability, as shown either through an existing Wikipedia article or citation to a reliable source.

Contents

Proprietary

Acorn Computers

Amazon

Amiga Inc.

Amstrad

Apple

Apollo Computer, Hewlett-Packard

Atari

BAE Systems

Be Inc.

Bell Labs

Non-Unix Operating Systems:

Burroughs Corporation, Unisys

Commodore International

Control Data Corporation

Lower 3000 series

  • SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution) [1]

Upper 3000 series

  • SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution) [2]
    • Drum SCOPE [3]

CloudMosa

Convergent Technologies

Cromemco

Data General

Datapoint

DDC-I, Inc.

Digital Research, Inc.

Digital Equipment Corporation, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise

ENEA AB

Fujitsu

GEC Computers

General Electric, Honeywell, Bull

Google

Android OS on the Samsung Galaxy Z smartphones Foldable smartphone (Android OS).jpg
Android OS on the Samsung Galaxy Z smartphones

Green Hills Software

Harris Computer Systems

Heathkit, Zenith Data Systems

Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise

Honeywell

Huawei

Intel Corporation

IBM

On early mainframes: 1410, 7010, 704, 709, 7090, 7094, 7040, 7044, 7030

On S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes

  • OS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
    • OS/360 (first official OS targeted for the System/360 architecture)
      • PCP (Primary Control Program, a kernel and a ground breaking automatic space allocating file system)
      • MFT (original Multi-programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, replaced by MFT II)
      • MFT II (Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, had up to 15 fixed size application partitions, plus partitions for system tasks, initially defined at boot time but redefinable by operator command)
      • MVT (Multi-Programming with a Variable number of Tasks, had up to 15 application regions defined dynamically, plus additional regions for system tasks)
      • M65MP (MVT with support for a multiprocessor 360/65)
    • OS/VS (port of OS/360 targeted for the System/370 virtual memory architecture (OS/370 is not the correct name for OS/VS1 and OS/VS2.) OS/VS has the following variations:
      • OS/VS1 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MFT II)
        • OS/VS1 Basic Programming Extensions (BPE) adds device support and VM handshaking
      • OS/VS2 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 2, Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT)
        • OS/VS2 R1 (Called Single Virtual Storage (SVS), Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT but without multiprocessing support)
        • OS/VS2 R2 through R3.8 (called Multiple Virtual Storage, MVS, eliminated most need for VS1).
          • MVS/SE (MVS System Extensions)
    • MVS/SP (MVS System Product) V1
    • MVS/370 refers to OS/VS2 MVS, MVS/SE and MVS/SP Version 1
    • MVS/XA (MVS/SP V2, supports S/370 Extended Architecture, 31-bit addressing)
    • MVS/ESA (MVS supported Enterprise Systems Architecture, horizontal addressing extensions: data only address spaces called Dataspaces)
      • MVS/SP V3
      • MVS/ESA SP V4 (a Unix environment was available for MVS/ESA SP V4R3)
      • MVS/ESA SP V5 (the UNIX environment was bundled in this and all subsequent versions)
    • OS/390 replacement for MVS/ESA SP V5 with some products bundled
    • z/OS z/Architecture replacement for OS/390 with 64-bit virtual addressing
    • Phoenix/MVS (Developed at Cambridge University)
  • DOS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
    • BOS/360 (early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System/360 sites)
    • TOS/360 (similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives)
    • DOS/360 (Disk Operating System (DOS), multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions, first commonly available OS for System/360)
      • DOS/360/RJE (DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of remote job entry hardware (card reader & printer) connected by dedicated phone lines)
    • DOS/VS (First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided virtual storage)
    • DOS/VSE (also known as VSE, upgrade of DOS/VS, up to 14 fixed size processing partitions )
      • VSE/Advanced Functions (VSE/AF) - Additional functionality for DOS/VSE
    • VSE/SP (program product including DOS/VSE and VSE/AF)
    • VSE/ESA, replaces VSE/SP, supports ESA/370 and ESA/390 with 31-bit addresses
    • z/VSE (latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage, supports 64-bit addresses, multiprocessing, multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads)
  • CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
    • CP-40/CMS (for System/360 Model 40)
    • CP-67/CMS (for System/360 Model 67)
    • Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) - the CP virtual machine hypervisor, Conversational Monitor System (CMS) operating system and supporting facilities for System/370 (24-bit addresses)
      • VM/370 Basic System Extensions Program Product (VM/BSE, AKA BSEPP) is an enhancement to VM/370
      • VM/370 System Extensions Program Product (VM/SE, AKA SEPP) is an enhancement to VM/370 that includes the facilities of VM/BSE
    • Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP) replaces VM/370, VM/BSE and VM/SE.
    • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture (VM/XA) refers to three versions of VM that support System/370 Extended Architecture (S/370-XA) with 31-bit virtual addresses
      • Virtual Machine/Extended architecture Migration Aid (VM/XA MA) - Intended for MVS/370 to MVS/XA migration
      • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Systems Facility (VM/XA SF) - new release of VM/XA MA with additional functionality
      • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP) - Replaces VM/SP, VM/SP HPO and VM/XA SF
    • Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/ESA), supports S/370, ESA/370 and ESA/390 (a Unix environment was available starting with [14] Version 2.)
    • z/VM (z/Architecture version of the VM OS with 64-bit addressing). Starting with Version 3, [15] the Unix environment was standard.

On PC and Intel x86 based architectures

  • PC DOS, IBM DOS
    • PC DOS 1.x, 2.x, 3.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)
    • IBM DOS 4.x, 5.0 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
    • PC DOS 6.1, 6.3, 7, 2000, 7.10

On other hardware platforms

International Computers Limited

Jide

Jolla

KaiOS

Lynx Real-time Systems, LynuxWorks, Lynx Software Technologies

Meizu

Microsoft Corporation

MITS

MontaVista

Motorola

NCR Corporation

NeXT

Nintendo

Novell

Open Mobile Platform

Quadros Systems

RCA

RoweBots

Samsung Electronics

Scientific Data Systems (SDS)

SCO, SCO Group

Source: [18]

Silicon Laboratories (formerly Micrium Inc.)

Sinclair Research

Sony

SYSGO

Tandem Computers, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise

Tandy Corporation

TCSC (later NCSC)

Texas Instruments

TRON Project

UNIVAC, Unisys

Wang Laboratories

Weston Embedded Solutions

Wind River Systems

Zilog

Other

Lisp-based

For Elektronika BK

Non-standard language-based

  • Pilot operating system – written in the Mesa language and used on Xerox Star workstations.
  • PERQ Operating System (POS) – written in PERQ Pascal.

Other proprietary non-Unix-like

Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant

Non-proprietary

Unix or Unix-like

Non-Unix

Research

Unix or Unix-like

Non-Unix

Disk operating systems (DOS)

Network operating systems

Generic, commodity, and other

Hobby

Embedded

Mobile operating systems

Routers

Other embedded

LEGO Mindstorms

Capability-based

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM AIX</span> Series of Unix operating systems from IBM

AIX is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM since 1986. The name stands for "Advanced Interactive eXecutive". Current versions are designed to work with Power ISA based server and workstation computers such as IBM's Power line.

IBM mainframes are large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952. During the 1960s and 1970s, IBM dominated the computer market with the 7000 series and the later System/360, followed by the System/370. Current mainframe computers in IBM's line of business computers are developments of the basic design of the System/360.

Multi-user software is computer software that allows access by multiple users of a computer. Time-sharing systems are multi-user systems. Most batch processing systems for mainframe computers may also be considered "multi-user", to avoid leaving the CPU idle while it waits for I/O operations to complete. However, the term "multitasking" is more common in this context.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Core dump</span> Snapshot of computer memory data

In computing, a core dump, memory dump, crash dump, storage dump, system dump, or ABEND dump consists of the recorded state of the working memory of a computer program at a specific time, generally when the program has crashed or otherwise terminated abnormally. In practice, other key pieces of program state are usually dumped at the same time, including the processor registers, which may include the program counter and stack pointer, memory management information, and other processor and operating system flags and information. A snapshot dump is a memory dump requested by the computer operator or by the running program, after which the program is able to continue. Core dumps are often used to assist in diagnosing and debugging errors in computer programs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drive letter assignment</span> Alphabetical assignment to logical drives on computers (e.g., C:\)

In computer data storage, drive letter assignment is the process of assigning alphabetical identifiers to volumes. Unlike the concept of UNIX mount points, where volumes are named and located arbitrarily in a single hierarchical namespace, drive letter assignment allows multiple highest-level namespaces. Drive letter assignment is thus a process of using letters to name the roots of the "forest" representing the file system; each volume holds an independent "tree".

A computing platform, digital platform, or software platform is the infrastructure on which software is executed. While the individual components of a computing platform may be obfuscated under layers of abstraction, the summation of the required components comprise the computing platform.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital Research</span> Defunct American software company

Digital Research, Inc. was a privately held American software company created by Gary Kildall to market and develop his CP/M operating system and related 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit systems like MP/M, Concurrent DOS, FlexOS, Multiuser DOS, DOS Plus, DR DOS and GEM. It was the first large software company in the microcomputer world. Digital Research was originally based in Pacific Grove, California, later in Monterey, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">System call</span> Way for programs to access kernel services

In computing, a system call is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system on which it is executed. This may include hardware-related services, creation and execution of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling. System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system.

This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VM (operating system)</span> Family of IBM operating systems

VM is a family of IBM virtual machine operating systems used on IBM mainframes System/370, System/390, zSeries, System z and compatible systems, including the Hercules emulator for personal computers.

A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) or virtualizer, is a type of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is called a host machine, and each virtual machine is called a guest machine. The hypervisor presents the guest operating systems with a virtual operating platform and manages the execution of the guest operating systems. Unlike an emulator, the guest executes most instructions on the native hardware. Multiple instances of a variety of operating systems may share the virtualized hardware resources: for example, Linux, Windows, and macOS instances can all run on a single physical x86 machine. This contrasts with operating-system–level virtualization, where all instances must share a single kernel, though the guest operating systems can differ in user space, such as different Linux distributions with the same kernel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multiuser DOS</span> Family of CP/M- and DOS-compatible multi-user multi-tasking operating systems

Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers.

In computing, preemption is the act of temporarily interrupting an executing task, with the intention of resuming it at a later time. This interrupt is done by an external scheduler with no assistance or cooperation from the task. This preemptive scheduler usually runs in the most privileged protection ring, meaning that interruption and then resumption are considered highly secure actions. Such changes to the currently executing task of a processor are known as context switching.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Unix</span> Operating system

The history of Unix dates back to the mid-1960s, when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing an experimental time-sharing operating system called Multics for the GE-645 mainframe. Multics introduced many innovations, but also had many problems. Bell Labs, frustrated by the size and complexity of Multics but not its aims, slowly pulled out of the project. Their last researchers to leave Multics – among them Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Doug McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna – decided to redo the work, but on a much smaller scale.

In computing, virtualization is the use of a computer to simulate another computer. The following is a chronological list of virtualization technologies.

The history of IBM mainframe operating systems is significant within the history of mainframe operating systems, because of IBM's long-standing position as the world's largest hardware supplier of mainframe computers. IBM mainframes run operating systems supplied by IBM and by third parties.

FlexOS is a discontinued modular real-time multiuser multitasking operating system (RTOS) designed for computer-integrated manufacturing, laboratory, retail and financial markets. Developed by Digital Research's Flexible Automation Business Unit in Monterey, California, in 1985.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unix-like</span> Operating system that behaves similarly to Unix

A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unix</span> Family of computer operating systems

Unix is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), Sun Microsystems (SunOS/Solaris), HP/HPE (HP-UX), and IBM (AIX).

References

  1. ↑ 3200 Computer System SCOPE/COMPASS Reference Manual (PDF). Control Data Corporation. September 1964. 60057700.
  2. ↑ 3600 Computer System SCOPE/Reference Manual (PDF). Control Data Corporation. September 1964. 60053300.
  3. ↑ 3600 3800 Computer Systems Drum SCOPE/MSIO Operating Guide (PDF). Control Data Corporation. July 1967. 60059200B.
  4. ↑ 6000 Series Computer Systems Chippewa Operating System Reference Manual (PDF). Control Data Corporation. December 1965. 60134400.
  5. ↑ KRONOS 2.1 Reference Manual Volume 1 of 2 (PDF). Control Data Corporation. June 17, 1975. 60407000D.
  6. ↑ NOS Version 1 Reference Manual Volume 1 of 2 (PDF). Control Data Corporation. December 5, 1980. 60435400M.
  7. ↑ NOS Version 1 Reference Manual Volume 2 of 2 (PDF). Control Data Corporation. December 5, 1980. 60445300M.
  8. ↑ Control Data 6400/6600 Computer Systems SCOPE Reference Manual (PDF). Control Data Corporation. September 1966. 60173800.
  9. ↑ NOS/BE Version 1 Reference Manual (PDF). Control Data Corporation. June 13, 1978. 60493800E.
  10. ↑ 6600 Computer System Operating System/Reference Manual SIPROS 66 (PDF) (First ed.). Control Data Corporation. 60101800A.
  11. ↑ Datapoint 2200 Cassette Tape Operating System (PDF). Datapoint. May 1972.
  12. ↑ Disk Operating System DOS. User's Guide (PDF). Datapoint. February 1975.
  13. ↑ "Container-Optimized OS from Google documentation". Google Cloud Platform .
  14. ↑ {{cite web } title = Availability: VM/ESA Version 2 Release 1.0 with OpenEdition for VM/ESA | id = 295-240 | date = June 12, 1995 | series = Announcement letters | url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS295-240 | publisher = IBM | access-date = March 29, 2024 }}
  15. ↑ "z/VM V3R1 Enabled for 64-bit Architecture". Announcement Letters. IBM. October 3, 2000. 200-358. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  16. ↑ Johnstone, J. L. "RTOS: extending OS/360 for real time spaceflight control". Proceedings of the May 14–16, 1969, Spring Joint Computer Conference. pp. 15–27. doi: 10.1145/1476793.1476796 . ISBN   9781450379021.
  17. ↑ "NCR 8200 Series: Technical and Commercial Documentation" (PDF). Delran, NJ, USA.: Datapro Research Corporation. 1980.
  18. ↑ "SCO History by William Bader" . Retrieved 2010-03-12.
  19. ↑ "Getting Started with Extended Color Basic (Tandy)" (PDF).
  20. 1 2 "VxWorks". www.windriver.com.
  21. ↑ "Эльбрус Бабаяна и Pentium Пентковского". Ixbt.com. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  22. ↑ Władysław M. Turski (1968). "SODA—A Dual Activity Operating System". The Computer Journal . 11 (2): 148–156. doi: 10.1093/comjnl/11.2.148 .
  23. ↑ "Welcome - FuguIta". fuguita.org. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
  24. ↑ "DistroWatch.com: FuguIta". distrowatch.com. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
  25. ↑ "gnu.org". www.gnu.org. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
  26. ↑ "Video: What a Year for Linux". The Linux Foundation . 2012-12-13. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
  27. ↑ "Redox - Your Next(Gen) OS - Redox - Your Next(Gen) OS". www.redox-os.org.
  28. ↑ "TROPIX: Distribuição e Instalação". www.tropix.nce.ufrj.br. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
  29. ↑ "ITS 1.5 Reference Manual" (PDF). July 1969. p. 6.
  30. ↑ "Introduction to 9front | Hacker News". news.ycombinator.com. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  31. ↑ "Plan9 has been forked: 9front | Hacker News". news.ycombinator.com. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  32. ↑ "Caldera license" (PDF). 2002-01-23. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
  33. ↑ "UNIX is free!". www.lemis.com. Retrieved 2018-08-24.
  34. 1 2 "Capability-Based Computer Systems" (PDF). Cs.washington.edu. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  35. ↑ "Despite its name suggesting some similarity to Unix, Xinu is a different type of operating system, written with no knowledge of the Unix source code, or compatibility goals. It uses different abstractions, and system calls, some with names matching those of Unix, but different semantics." Garfinkel, Simson; Spafford, Gene; Schwartz, Alan (2003). Practical UNIX and Internet Security. O'Reilly. p. 19.
  36. ↑ "SIEMENS "TO RESUME MARKETING FUJITSU IBMULATORS"". Tech Monitor. 1989-07-04. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  37. ↑ "JNode 0.2.8 Released", Thom Holwerda, OSNews, 4 February 2009.
  38. ↑ Jnode: Java New Operating System Design Effort Archived 2020-12-23 at the Wayback Machine , jnode.org. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  39. ↑ "Fujitsu Extended System Architecture (EXA) Operating System" (PDF). Fujitsu.com. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  40. ↑ "Book & Source code Download Page". IP Data Corporation. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  41. ↑ Burgess, Richard (September 1, 2000). MMURTT V1.0. IP Data Corporation. p. 8. ISBN   1588530000.
  42. ↑ "HP News - LG Electronics Acquires webOS from HP to Enhance Smart TV". .hp.com. 2013-02-25. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  43. ↑ "LCOS Data-Sheet" (PDF).
  44. ↑ "Huawei VRP (Versatile Routing Platform)". IPCisco.com. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  45. ↑ "Mentor Nucleus RTOS".
  46. ↑ "QNX operating systems, development tools, and professional services for connected embedded systems". www.qnx.com.
  47. ↑ Wulf, William A.; Harbison, Samual P. "Reflections in a pool of processors - An experience report on C.mmp/Hydra" (PDF). University of Auckland. p. 945. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  48. ↑ Děcký, Martin. "Microkernel-based and Capability-based Operating Systems" (PDF). D3S. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  49. ↑ Dziuba, Ted. "Russian rides Phantom to OS immortality". The Register. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.