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This is a list of real-time operating systems (RTOSs). This is an operating system in which the time taken to process an input stimulus is less than the time lapsed until the next input stimulus of the same type.
Name | License | Source model | Target uses | Status | Platforms |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apache Mynewt | Apache 2.0 | open source | embedded | active | ARM Cortex-M, MIPS32, Microchip PIC32, RISC-V |
BeRTOS | Modified GNU GPL | open source | embedded | archived | ARM, Cortex-M3, ARM ARM7TDMI, Atmel AVR, PowerPC (emu), x86 (emu), x86-64 (emu) |
CapROS | GNU GPL | open source | embedded | active | IA-32, ARM9 |
ChibiOS/RT | Dual, GNU GPL or proprietary | open source | embedded, small footprint | active | x86, ARM7, ARM9, Cortex-M0-M3-M4, PowerPC e200z, STM8, STM32, AVR, MSP430, ColdFire, H8S |
ChorusOS | ? | ? | ? | defunct | SPARC, x86, PowerPC |
Concurrent CP/M, became MP/M | Proprietary | closed (meanwhile: open source) | general purpose, industrial | historic | 8080, Z80, 8086 |
Concurrent DOS, became Multiuser DOS | Proprietary | closed | defunct | 8086, 286, 386, 68000, (also 8080/Z80 in dual-processor variants) | |
Contiki | BSD | open source | embedded, WSN | active | MSP430, AVR, ARM |
Data General RDOS | Proprietary | ? | general purpose | defunct | Data General Nova, Data General Eclipse |
Deos | Proprietary | closed | safety critical | active | x86, PowerPC, ARM, MIPS |
DioneOS | Proprietary | available for licensee | embedded | MSP430, MSP430x | |
DMERT (Duplex Multi-Environment Real-Time) | Proprietary(Bell Labs) | closed | OS for long-distance telephone switching systems | inactive | Bell Labs 3B20D (a proprietary, VAX-like system with redundant [duplex] processors) |
DNIX | Proprietary | closed | general purpose | defunct | 68000 |
GEC DOS | Proprietary | closed | process control | defunct | GEC 4000 series |
DSOS | Proprietary | closed | ? | defunct | TI-980A minicomputer |
DSP/BIOS | Proprietary | closed, available with license | general purpose | maintenance only | Mostly Texas Instruments C2800, C5500, C6000 and OMAP DSP cores. Replaced by TI-RTOS, but available for download. |
DSPnano RTOS | Proprietary | open source | MCU, DSC, DSP SoC | active | R8C, M16C, PIC24, dsPIC33 |
eCos | Modified GNU GPL | open source | embedded | inactive | ARM-XScale-Cortex-M, CalmRISC, 680x0-ColdFire, fr30, FR-V, H8, IA-32, MIPS, MN10300, OpenRISC, PowerPC, SPARC, SuperH, V8xx |
eCosPro | Modified GNU GPL or eCosPro license | open source with non-free portions | active | ARM7-9, Cortex-A5-A9-M3-M4-M7, 680x0-ColdFire, H8-H8S, IA-32, MIPS32, MIPS64, microMIPS, NIOS II, OpenRISC, PowerPC, SPARC, SH4/4A, TILE-Gx, XScale | |
embOS | Proprietary | closed, available to customers, free object code for non-commercial use | embedded, industrial, IoT, safety critical | active | ARM7/9/11, ARM Cortex-A/R/M, AVR, AVR32, C16x, CR16C, ColdFire, H8, HCS12, M16C, M32C, MSP430, NIOS2, PIC18/24/32, R32C, R8C, RISC-V, RL78, RH850, RX100/200/600/700, RZ, SH2A, STM8, ST7, V850, 78K0, 8051 |
ERIKA Enterprise | GPL and GPL linking exception | open source | embedded | ARM7, ARM Cortex-M, ARM Cortex-A (on Jailhouse hypervisor), Hitachi H8, Altera Nios2, Microchip dsPIC (including dsPIC30, dsPIC33, and PIC24), Microchip PIC32, ST Microelectronics ST10, Infineon C167, Infineon Tricore, Freescale PPC e200 (MPC 56xx) (including PPC e200 z0, z6, z7), Freescale S12XS, EnSilica eSi-RISC, AVR, Lattice Mico32, MSP430, Renesas RX200, x86-64 (on Jailhouse hypervisor) | |
EROS | Modified GNU GPL | open source | experimental research use | dormant | IA-32 |
FlexOS | Proprietary | closed | general purpose, industrial, POS | defunct | 186, 286, 386, V60, V70, 68000 |
Flexible Safety RTOS | Proprietary | closed, available to customers | embedded, safety critical | active | Altera/Intel NIOS II, ARM9, ARM Cortex-M, ARM Cortex-R, ARM Cortex-A, Infineon TriCore, Infineon AURIX, NXP ColdFire, NXP Kinetis, NXP PowerPC e200, NXP QorIQ, STMicroelectronics STM32, Xilinx/AMD MicroBlaze |
FreeRTOS | MIT | open source | embedded | active | ARM, AVR, AVR32, ColdFire, ESP32, HCS12, IA-32, Cortex-M3-M4-M7, Infineon XMC4000, MicroBlaze, MSP430, PIC, PIC32, Renesas H8/S, RISC-V, RX100-200-600-700, 8052, STM32, TriCore, EFM32 |
Fuchsia | Varies | embedded | AArch64, x86-64 | ||
Keil RTX | Apache 2.0 | open source | embedded | Arm Cortex-M | |
FunkOS | Modified Sleepycat License | open source | embedded | AVR, MSP430, Cortex-M3 | |
HeartOS | Proprietary | closed | safety critical | x86, PowerPC, ARM | |
Huawei LiteOS | BSD | open source | embedded | defunct | ARM (M0/3/4/7, A7/17/53, ARM9/11), x86, RISC-V |
HarmonyOS | Proprietary | closed | embedded | active | AArch64, x86-64, RISC-V, LingxiISA |
IBM 4680 OS | Proprietary | closed | general purpose, industrial, POS | defunct | 286 |
IBM 4690 OS | Proprietary | active | 286, 386 | ||
INTEGRITY | Proprietary | embedded | ARM, XScale, Blackfin, ColdFire, MIPS, PowerPC, x86 | ||
INtime | Proprietary | x86 | |||
ITRON | T-License | varies | embedded | ARM, MIPS, x86, Renesas RX100-200-600-700-others | |
Kaspersky OS | Proprietary | open source | safety critical, virtualization | x86, x86_64, ARMV5, ARMV7, ARMV8, MIPS32 | |
KolibriOS | GNU GPL | embeddable | x86 | ||
LynxOS | Proprietary | source available | embedded | Motorola 68010, x86/IA-32, ARM, Freescale PowerPC, PowerPC 970, LEON | |
Mbed OS | Apache 2.0 | open source | embedded | Arm Cortex-M | |
MenuetOS | GNU GPL | open source | ? | IA-32 | |
MERT | Proprietary(Bell Labs) | closed | OS for long-distance telephone switching systems | inactive | PDP-11 |
MicroC/OS-III | Apache 2.0 | open source | embedded | active | ARM7-9-11/Cortex-M1-3-4-A8/9, AVR, HC11/12/S12, ColdFire, Blackfin, MicroBlaze, NIOS, 8051, x86, Win32, H8S, M16C, M32C, MIPS, 68000, PIC24/dsPIC33/PIC32, MSP430, PowerPC, SH, StarCore, Renesas RX100-200-600-700, RL; STM32, ... |
MontaVista Linux | GNU GPL | open source | embedded | ? | |
MP/M | Proprietary | closed (meanwhile: open source) | general purpose, industrial | defunct | 8080, Z80, 8086 |
MQX | Proprietary | complimentary source available | embedded | active | Freescale Power, ColdFire, Kinetis Cortex ARM, List of Freescale products |
Multiuser DOS | Proprietary | closed | general-purpose, industrial | defunct | 386 |
Nano-RK | Dual, GPL or commercial | open source | embedded, WSN | defunct | AVR, MSP430 |
Neutrino | Proprietary | some source provided | microkernel, embedded, industrial | active | ARM, ARM64, MIPS, PPC, SH, x86, x86-64, XScale |
Nucleus RTOS | Proprietary | source provided | embedded | ARM (Cortex-M3-M4-R4-R4F-A8-A9, ARM7-9-11), PowerPC, MIPS32-16e, microMIPS, ColdFire, SuperH | |
NUT | Proprietary | open source | embedded, industrial | ARM-M0, ARM-M0+, ARM Cortex-M3, ARM9, ARM Cortex-M7, Cortex-M3 | |
Nut/OS | BSD | embedded, industrial | AVR, AVR32, ARM7, ARM9, Cortex-M3 | ||
NuttX | Apache 2.0 | open source | embedded, small footprint | Linux user mode, ARM7-9, Cortex-A5-A8-A9-M0-M3-M4-M7, 8052, Espressif ESP32, Lattice LM32, Renesas MC16C/26/SH-1, RISC-V, Zilog Z16F, Zilog eZ80 Acclaim!, Zilog Z8Encore!, Z80, MIPS PIC32MX, PIC32MZ | |
OpenComRTOS | Proprietary | source provided | embedded | Freescale PowerPC, Texas Instruments C66xxx DSP, ARM, XMOS, MicroBlaze, LEON, NXP CoolFlux DSP, Melexis MLX16, Win32, Linux | |
OS2000 | Proprietary | ? | embedded | active | MIPS (Baget variant), KOMDIV-32, KOMDIV-64, Intel BSPs (x86) |
OS4000 | Proprietary | closed | process control | maintenance only | GEC 4000 series |
OSE | Proprietary | available to customers | general purpose | active | ARM, PowerPC, x86, TI OMAP, ... |
OS-9 | Proprietary | available to customers | embedded | ARM-strongARM, MIPS, PowerPC, SuperH, x86/Pentium, XSCALE, Motorola 6809, 680x0, SPARC | |
OSEK | Dual, GPL or commercial | specification | engine control units | ||
Phoenix-RTOS | BSD | open source | embedded | active | ARMv7 Cortex-M, ARMv7 Cortex-A, IA-32, RISC V |
PikeOS | Proprietary | available to customers | certifiable safety & security, embedded virtualisation | PPC, x86, ARM, MIPS, SPARC-LEON, RISC-V | |
Protothreads | BSD | open source | general purpose | active | Architecture independent |
pSOS | Proprietary | ? | ? | discontinued | 680x0 |
PX5 RTOS | Proprietary | royalty-free licensing | embedded | active | Embedded MCU and MPU architectures. ARM's Cortex-M, Cortex-R, Cortex-A, RISC-V. AMP and SMP configurations. |
QNX | Proprietary | ? | microkernel, embedded, industrial | active | |
QP | Dual, GPL or commercial | dual | MCU, DSC, DSP SoC | ARM7/9, ARM Cortex-M3-M0, MSP430, TMS320C28x, AVR, AVRXmega, ColdFire, 68HC08, M16C/R8C, H8, 8051, 80251, PIC18, PIC24/dsPIC33, Nios II, PSoC1 | |
REAL/32 | Proprietary | closed | general-purpose, industrial | 386 | |
Real-time Linux (CONFIG_RT_PREEMPT) | GNU GPLv2 | open source | general purpose | same as Linux | |
RedHawk Linux RTOS | Proprietary | closed | hardware-in-the-loop, software-in-the-loop, general purpose | active | Intel, AMD, ARM, NVIDIA Drive, NVIDIA Jetson Orin |
REX OS | Proprietary | closed, available with license | embedded | inactive | ARM |
RIOT | GNU LGPL | open source | active | ARM, MSP430, AVR, x86, RISC-V | |
RMX | Proprietary | closed | defunct | Intel 8080, 8086, 80386, higher | |
RODOS | BSD | source provided | active | ARMv7 (M3, A8, A9), AVR32, PowerPC 405, SPARC64 Platforms: SmartFusion2, RaspberryPi, STM32 On an OS: Linux, Windows, macOS, FreeRTOS, RTEMS | |
RSX-11 | Proprietary | ? | ? | historic | PDP-11 |
RT-11 | Proprietary | ? | general purpose | defunct | PDP-11 |
RTAI | GNU GPL | open source | general purpose | active | x86 (with and without FPU and TSC), x86-64, PowerPC, ARM (StrongARM; ARM7: clps711x-family, Cirrus Logic EP7xxx, CS89712, PXA25x), m68k (supporting both MMU and NOMMU cpus) |
RTEMS | Modified GNU GPL | embedded | ARM, Blackfin, ColdFire, TI C3x/C4x, H8/300, x86, 68k, Milkymist SoC, MIPS, Nios II, PowerPC, SuperH, SPARC, ERC32, LEON, Mongoose-V | ||
RTLinux | GNU GPL | general purpose | inactive | same as Linux | |
RT-Kernel | Proprietary | source provided | embedded | active | ARM, Blackfin |
RT-Thread | Apache 2.0 | open source | embedded | active | ARM, ARM Cortex-M0-M3-R4-M4-M7, IA-32, AVR32, Blackfin, nios, PPC, M16C, MIPS (loongson-1b-1c, PIC32,xburst), MicroBlaze, V850, unicore32, |
RTXC Quadros | Proprietary | source available | embedded | ARM - Atmel/Freescale/NXP/ST/TI, Blackfin, 680x0-ColdFire, PowerPC, StarCore, TI-Luminary Stellaris, TI OMAP, XScale | |
RTX, RTX64 | Proprietary | closed | MS Windows extension | x86, x86-64 | |
RX116 | ? | ? | embedded, industrial | defunct | NEC V20, NEC V30, NEC V40, NEC V50 |
RX616 | ? | ? | safety critical, embedded, industrial | NEC V60, NEC V70 | |
RX-UX832 | ? | ? | embedded, industrial, general-purpose | NEC V60, NEC V70 | |
SafeRTOS | Proprietary | source code & Design Assurance Pack available | embedded, safety critical | active | Same as FreeRTOS |
SHaRK | GNU GPL | open source | ? | inactive | ? |
Simulink Real-Time | Proprietary | closed | real-time testing-embedded | active | x86 |
SINTRAN III | Proprietary | ? | ? | ? | Norsk Data computers |
Symbian OS | Eclipse | open source | embedded | defunct | ARM |
T-Kernel | T-License | source available | embedded RTOS | active | ARM, MIPS, SH, more |
THEOS | Proprietary | ? | ? | ? | ? |
ThreadX | MIT | open source | ? | active | ARC, ARM/Thumb, AVR32, BlackFin, 680x0-ColdFire, H8-300H, Luminary Micro Stellaris, M-CORE, MicroBlaze, PIC24-dsPIC, PIC32, MIPS, V8xx, Nios II, PowerPC, Renesas RX100, RX200, RX600, RX700, Synergy, SH, SHARC, StarCore, STM32, StrongARM, TMS320C54x, TMS320C6x, x86/x386, XScale, Xtensa/Diamond, ZSP |
TI-RTOS Kernel (SYS/BIOS) | BSD | open source | embedded | Mostly Texas Instruments: MSP430-432, C2000-5000-6000, TI's ARM families (Cortex M3-4F-R4-A8-A15), SimpleLink Wireless CC2xxx-CC3xxx | |
TizenRT | Apache 2.0 | open source | embedded | active | |
Transaction Processing Facility | Proprietary | mixed | general purpose | active | IBM Z series |
TRON project | Free | mixed | mixed | active | any: is a specification, not an implementation |
UNIX-RTR | ? | ? | ? | defunct | PDP-11 |
UNOS | ? | ? | ? | historic | 680x0 |
UniProton | Free | open source | embedded | active | AArch64 (Kunpeng), x86-64 on openEuler community & ARM, RISC-V, x86, x64 and LoongArch on OpenHarmony and Oniro OS as add-on kernel |
μITRON | T-License | open source | embedded | active | ARM, MIPS, x86, Renesas RX100-200-600-700-others |
μ-velOSity | Proprietary | ? | microkernel | active | ? |
velOSity | Proprietary | ? | ? | Power ISA, ARM/XScale, MIPS, x86/Pentium, ColdFire, Blackfin, OMAP, DaVinci | |
VAXELN | Proprietary | closed source | ? | historic | VAX |
VRTX | Proprietary | ? | ? | superseded by Nucleus RTOS | ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, RISC |
VxWorks | Proprietary | ? | embedded | active | ARM, IA-32, Intel 64, MIPS, PowerPC, SH-4, StrongARM, xScale |
Windows CE | Proprietary | Microsoft Shared Source | x86, MIPS, ARM, SuperH | ||
Windows 10 IoT | Proprietary | ? | Intel Atom, Celeron, Pentium; Qualcomm Snapdragon, Broadcom, NXP i.MX | ||
Xenomai | GNU GPLv2 | open source | general | x86, x86-64, PowerPC, ARM, Analog Devices Blackfin BF52x, BF53x, BF54x and BF56x | |
XINU | Free | embedded | active | x86, MIPS, ARM, AVR | |
XMK | BSD | open source | embedded | inactive | |
Zephyr | Apache 2.0 | open source | embedded | active | ARM (Cortex-M0, -M3, -M4, -M23, -M33, -R4, -R5, -A53), x86, ARC, RISC-V, Nios II, Xtensa, SPARC |
In computing, multitasking is the concurrent execution of multiple tasks over a certain period of time. New tasks can interrupt already started ones before they finish, instead of waiting for them to end. As a result, a computer executes segments of multiple tasks in an interleaved manner, while the tasks share common processing resources such as central processing units (CPUs) and main memory. Multitasking automatically interrupts the running program, saving its state and loading the saved state of another program and transferring control to it. This "context switch" may be initiated at fixed time intervals, or the running program may be coded to signal to the supervisory software when it can be interrupted.
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment. All perception involves signals that go through the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sensory system. Vision involves light striking the retina of the eye; smell is mediated by odor molecules; and hearing involves pressure waves.
Real-time computing (RTC) is the computer science term for hardware and software systems subject to a "real-time constraint", for example from event to system response. Real-time programs must guarantee response within specified time constraints, often referred to as "deadlines".
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. An RTOS is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in a multitasking or multiprogramming environments. Processing time requirements need to be fully understood and bound rather than just kept as a minimum. All processing must occur within the defined constraints. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority. Event-driven systems switch between tasks based on their priorities, while time-sharing systems switch the task based on clock interrupts.
In the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, a user interface (UI) is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, while the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to, or involve such disciplines as, ergonomics and psychology.
A stimulus is something that causes a physiological response. It may refer to:
System analysis in the field of electrical engineering characterizes electrical systems and their properties. System analysis can be used to represent almost anything from population growth to audio speakers; electrical engineers often use it because of its direct relevance to many areas of their discipline, most notably signal processing, communication systems and control systems.
An Embedded Operating System (EOS) is an operating system designed specifically for embedded computer systems. These systems aim to enhance functionality and reliability to perform dedicated tasks. When the multitasking method employed allows for timely task execution, such an OS may qualify as a real-time operating system (RTOS).
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities. The process of converting one form of energy to another is known as transduction.
The LynxOS RTOS is a Unix-like real-time operating system from Lynx Software Technologies. Sometimes known as the Lynx Operating System, LynxOS features full POSIX conformance and, more recently, Linux compatibility. LynxOS is mostly used in real-time embedded systems, in applications for avionics, aerospace, the military, industrial process control and telecommunications.
The receptive field, or sensory space, is a delimited medium where some physiological stimuli can evoke a sensory neuronal response in specific organisms.
The superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses that would have been caused by each stimulus individually. So that if input A produces response X, and input B produces response Y, then input (A + B) produces response (X + Y).
Functional verification is the task of verifying that the logic design conforms to specification. Functional verification attempts to answer the question "Does this proposed design do what is intended?" This is complex and takes the majority of time and effort in most large electronic system design projects. Functional verification is a part of more encompassing design verification, which, besides functional verification, considers non-functional aspects like timing, layout and power.
The dorsal cochlear nucleus is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), it forms the cochlear nucleus (CN), where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses.
Neural coding is a neuroscience field concerned with characterising the hypothetical relationship between the stimulus and the neuronal responses, and the relationship among the electrical activities of the neurons in the ensemble. Based on the theory that sensory and other information is represented in the brain by networks of neurons, it is believed that neurons can encode both digital and analog information.
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs, without any knowledge of its internal workings. Its implementation is "opaque" (black). The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as those of a transistor, an engine, an algorithm, the human brain, or an institution or government.
Real-time Control System (RCS) is a reference model architecture, suitable for many software-intensive, real-time computing control problem domains. It defines the types of functions needed in a real-time intelligent control system, and how these functions relate to each other.
Neural decoding is a neuroscience field concerned with the hypothetical reconstruction of sensory and other stimuli from information that has already been encoded and represented in the brain by networks of neurons. Reconstruction refers to the ability of the researcher to predict what sensory stimuli the subject is receiving based purely on neuron action potentials. Therefore, the main goal of neural decoding is to characterize how the electrical activity of neurons elicit activity and responses in the brain.
The emulation theory of representation postulates that there are multiple internal modeling circuitries in the brain referred to as emulators. These emulators mimic the input-output patterns of many cognitive operations including action, perception, and imagery. Often running in parallel, these emulators provide resultant feedback in the form of mock sensory signals of a motor command with less delay than sensors. These forward models receive efference copies of input motor commands being sent to the body and the resulting output sensory signals. Emulators are continually updating so as to give the most accurate anticipatory signal following motor inputs.