STM32

Last updated
STM32 Family [1]
STM32H7B0.jpg
STM32H7 series IC
General information
Launched2007
DiscontinuedCurrent
Designed by STMicroelectronics
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 24  to 480  MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 180 to 40  nm
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M0, [2] ARM Cortex-M0+, [3] ARM Cortex-M3, [4] ARM Cortex-M4, [5] ARM Cortex-M7, [6] ARM Cortex-M33

STM32 is a family of 32-bit microcontroller integrated circuits by STMicroelectronics. The STM32 chips are grouped into related series that are based around the same 32-bit ARM processor core: Cortex-M0, Cortex-M0+, Cortex-M3, Cortex-M4, Cortex-M7, Cortex-M33. Internally, each microcontroller consists of ARM processor core(s), flash memory, static RAM, debugging interface, and various peripherals. [1]

Contents

Overview

STM32F100C4T6B die STM32F100C4T6B-HD.jpg
STM32F100C4T6B die

The STM32 is a family of microcontroller ICs based on various 32-bit RISC ARM Cortex-M cores. [1] STMicroelectronics licenses the ARM Processor IP from ARM Holdings. The ARM core designs have numerous configurable options, and ST chooses the individual configuration to use for each design. ST attaches its own peripherals to the core before converting the design into a silicon die. The following tables summarize the STM32 microcontroller families.

STM32 seriesARM CPU core(s)
F0
C0, G0, L0
F1, F2, L1
F3, F4, G4, L4, L4+
WB, WL
M4 & M0+ (2 core)
F7
H7
M7 (1 core), M7 & M4 (2 core)
H5, L5, U5, WBA

History

STM32F103VGT6 die STM32F103VGT6-HD.jpg
STM32F103VGT6 die
STM32F103 IC MicroSTM32.jpg
STM32F103 IC

The STM32 is the third ARM family by STMicroelectronics. It follows their earlier STR9 family based on the ARM9E core, [7] and STR7 family based on the ARM7TDMI core. [8] The following is the history of how the STM32 family has evolved.

DateAnnouncement
October 2006STMicroelectronics licensed the ARM Cortex-M3 core
June 2007ST announced the STM32 F1-series based on the ARM Cortex-M3
November 2007ST announced the low-cost "STM32-PerformanceStick" development kit in partner with Hitex
October 2009ST announced new ARM chips would be built using the 90 nm process
April 2010ST announced the STM32 L1-series chips
September 2010ST announced the STM32VLDISCOVERY board
November 2010ST announced the STM32 F2-series chips based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core, and future development
February 2011ST announced the STM32L-DISCOVERY board
March 2011ST announced the expansion of their STM32 L1-series chips with flash densities of 256 KB and 384 KB
September 2011ST announced the STM32 F4-series chips based on the ARM Cortex-M4F core and STM32F4DISCOVERY board
February 2012ST announced the STM32 F0-series chips based on the ARM Cortex-M0 core
May 2012ST announced the STM32F0DISCOVERY board
June 2012ST announced the STM32 F3-series chips based on the ARM Cortex-M4F core
September 2012ST announced full-production of STM32 F3-series chips and STM32F3DISCOVERY board
January 2013ST announced full Java support for STM32 F2 and F4-series chips
February 2013ST announced STM32 Embedded Coder support for MATLAB and Simulink
February 2013ST announced the STM32 F4x9-series chips
April 2013ST announced the STM32 F401-series chips
July 2013ST announced the STM32 F030-series chips and availability in a TSSOP20 package
September 2013ST announced the STM32F401C-DISCO and STM32F429I-DISCO boards
October 2013ST announced the STM32F0308DISCOVERY board
December 2013ST announced that it is joining the mbed project
January 2014ST announced the STM32 F0x2-series chips, STM32F072B-DISCO board, and STM32072B-EVAL board
February 2014ST announced the STM32 L0-series chips based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ core
February 2014ST announced multiple STM32 Nucleo boards with Arduino headers and mbed IDE
February 2014ST announced the release of free STM32Cube software tool with graphical configurator and C code
April 2014ST announced the STM32F30x chips are now available in full production and NUCLEO-F302R8 board
September 2014ST announced the STM32 F7 series, the first chips based on the Cortex-M7F core
October 2016STM32H7 series announced, based on ARM Cortex-M7F core, produced using 40 nm technology, runs at 400 MHz
November 2017STM32L4+ series announced, an upgrade to STM32L4 series Cortex-M4 MCUs
October 2018STM32L5 series announced, ultra-low-power MCUs based on ARM Cortex-M33 core with various security features
February 2021STM32U5 series announced, ultra-low-power MCUs based on ARM Cortex-M33 core with low power and hardware & software-based security measures targeting PSA Certified and SESIP assurance level 3 with physical attacker resistance

Series

The STM32 family consists of many series of microcontrollers: C0, F0, F1, F2, F3, F4, F7, G0, G4, H5, H7, L0, L1, L4, L4+, L5, U5, WBA, WB, WL. [1] Each STM32 microcontroller series is based upon a specific ARM Cortex-M processor core.

STM32 F0

STM32 F0 series [9]
General information
Launched2012
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 48 MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 180 nm [10]
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M0 [2]
Instruction set Thumb-1 (most),
Thumb-2 (some)

The STM32 F0-series are the first group of ARM Cortex-M0 chips in the STM32 family. The summary for this series is: [11] [12] [13] [9]

STM32 F1

STM32 F1 series [15]
General information
Launched2007
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 24  to 72 MHz
Architecture and classification
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M3 [4]
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated (some)

The STM32 F1-series was the first group of STM32 microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core and considered their mainstream ARM microcontrollers. The F1-series has evolved over time by increasing CPU speed, size of internal memory, variety of peripherals. There are five F1 lines: Connectivity (STM32F105/107), Performance (STM32F103), USB Access (STM32F102), Access (STM32F101), Value (STM32F100). The summary for this series is: [15] [16] [17]

STM32 F2

STM32 F2 series [18]
General information
Launched2010
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 120 MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 90 nm
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M3 [4]
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated (some)

The STM32 F2-series of STM32 microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core. It is the most recent and fastest Cortex-M3 series. The F2 is pin-to-pin compatible with the STM32 F4-series. The summary for this series is: [19] [18] [20]

STM32 F3

STM32 F3 series [21]
General information
Launched2012
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 72 MHz to 72 MHz
Architecture and classification
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M4F [5]
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated, DSP,
FPU (SP)

The STM32 F3-series is the second group of STM32 microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M4F core. The F3 is almost pin-to-pin compatible with the STM32 F1-series. The summary for this series is: [22] [23] [21]

The distinguishing feature for this series is presence of four fast, 12-bit, simultaneous sampling ADCs (multiplexer to over 30 channels), and four matched, 8  MHz bandwidth op-amps with all pins exposed and additionally internal PGA (Programmable Gain Array) network. The exposed pads allow for a range of analog signal conditioning circuits like band-pass filters, anti-alias filters, charge amplifiers, integrators/differentiators, 'instrumentation' high-gain differential inputs, and other. This eliminates need for external op-amps for many applications. The built-in two-channel DAC has arbitrary waveform as well as a hardware-generated waveform (sine, triangle, noise etc.) capability. All analog devices can be completely independent, or partially internally connected, meaning that one can have nearly everything that is needed for an advanced measurement and sensor interfacing system in a single chip.

The four ADCs can be simultaneously sampled making a wide range of precision analog control equipment possible. It is also possible to use a hardware scheduler for the multiplexer array, allowing good timing accuracy when sampling more than 4 channels, independent of the main processor thread. The sampling and multiplexing trigger can be controlled from a variety of sources including timers and built-in comparators, allowing for irregular sampling intervals where needed.

STM32F37/38xxx integrate a 14-effective number of bits delta-sigma ADC. [24]

The op-amps inputs feature 2-to-1 analog multiplexer, allowing for a total of eight analog channels to be pre-processed using the op-amp; all the op-amp outputs can be internally connected to ADCs.

STM32 F4

STM32 F4 Series [25]
General information
Launched2011
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 84  to 180 MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 90 nm
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M4F [5]
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated, DSP,
FPU (SP)

The STM32 F4-series is the first group of STM32 microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M4F core. The F4-series is also the first STM32 series to have DSP and floating-point instructions. The F4 is pin-to-pin compatible with the STM32 F2-series and adds higher clock speed, 64 KB CCM static RAM, full-duplex I²S, improved real-time clock, and faster ADCs. The summary for this series is: [26] [27] [28] [25] [29]

STM32 F7

STM32 F7 series [31]
General information
Launched2014
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 216 MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 90nm
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M7F
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated, DSP,
FPU (SP & DP)

The STM32 F7-series is a group of STM32 microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M7F core. Many of the F7 series are pin-to-pin compatible with the STM32 F4-series.

Core:

Many of STM32F76xxx and STM32F77xxx models have a digital filter for sigma-delta modulators (DFSDM) interface. [30]

STM32 G0

STM32 G0 series [32]
General information
Launched2018
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 64 MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 90 nm [10]
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M0+ [3]
Instruction set Thumb-1 (most),
Thumb-2 (some)

The STM32 G0-series is a next generation of Cortex-M0/M0+ microcontrollers for budget market segment, offering the golden mean in productivity and power efficiency, e.g. better power efficiency and performance compared to the older F0 series and higher performance compared to ultra low power L0 series [10]

STM32 G4

STM32 G4 series [34]
General information
Launched2019
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 170 MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 90 nm [10]
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M4F [5]
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated, DSP,
FPU (SP)

The STM32 G4-series is a next generation of Cortex-M4F microcontrollers aiming to replace F3 series, offering the golden mean in productivity and power efficiency, e.g. better power efficiency and performance compared to the older F3/F4 series and higher performance compared to ultra low power L4 series, integrated several hardware accelerators.

STM32 H7

STM32 H7 series [35]
General information
Launched2017 Q2
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 480 MHz to 550 
Architecture and classification
Technology node 40nm [36]
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M7F + optional ARM Cortex-M4F
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated, DSP,
FPU (SP & DP)

The STM32 H7-series is a group of high performance STM32 microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M7F core with double-precision floating point unit and optional second Cortex-M4F core with single-precision floating point. Cortex-M7F core can reach working frequency up to 480 MHz, while Cortex-M4F - up to 240 MHz. Each of these cores can work independently or as master/slave core.

The STM32H7 Series is the first series of STM32 microcontrollers in 40 nm process technology and the first series of ARM Cortex-M7-based microcontrollers which is able to run up to 480 MHz, allowing a performance boost versus previous series of Cortex-M microcontrollers, reaching new performance records of 1027 DMIPS and 2400 CoreMark. [37]

Digital filter for sigma-delta modulators (DFSDM) interface [30]

STM32 L0

STM32 L0 series [38]
General information
Launched2014
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 32 MHz
Architecture and classification
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M0+ [3]
Instruction set Thumb-1 (most),
Thumb-2 (some)

The STM32 L0-series is the first group of STM32 microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ core. This series targets low power applications. The summary for this series is: [39] [38]

STM32 L1

STM32 L1 series [40]
General information
Launched2010
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 32 MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 130 nm
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M3 [4]
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated (some)

The STM32 L1-series was the first group of STM32 microcontrollers with a primary goal of ultra-low power usage for battery-powered applications. The summary for this series is: [41] [42] [40] [43]

STM32 L4

STM32 L4 series
General information
Launched2015
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 80 MHz 
Architecture and classification
Technology node 90 nm [10]
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M4F [5]
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated, DSP,
FPU (SP)

The STM32 L4-series is an evolution of STM32L1-series of ultra-low power microcontrollers. An example of L4 MCU is STM32L432KC in UFQFPN32 package, that has:

STM32 L4+

STM32 L4+ series [44]
General information
Launched2016
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 120 
Architecture and classification
Technology node 90 nm [10]
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M4F [5]
Instruction set Thumb-1, Thumb-2,
Saturated, DSP,
FPU (SP)

The STM32 L4+-series is expansion of STM32L4-series of ultra-low power microcontrollers, providing more performance, more embedded memory and richer graphics and connectivity features while keeping ultra-low-power capability.

Main features:

STM32 L5

STM32 L5 series [45]
General information
Launched2018
Discontinuedcurrent
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 110 MHz 
Architecture and classification
Technology node 90 nm [46]
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M33F

The STM32 L5-series is an evolution of STM32L-series of ultra-low power microcontrollers:

STM32 U5

STM32 U5 series [47]
General information
Launched2021
Discontinuedcurrent
Max. CPU clock rate to 160 MHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node 40 nm [46]
Microarchitecture ARM Cortex-M33F

The STM32 U5-series is an evolution of STM32L-series of ultra-low power microcontrollers:

Development boards

Arduino Nano style

Blue Pill board Blue Pill.jpg
Blue Pill board

The following boards have Arduino Nano pin-compatible male pin headers with 0.6-inch row-to-row DIP-30 footprint, but these boards have 3.3 volt logic I/O, instead of 5 volt logic I/O for an Arduino Nano.

Arduino Uno style

Leaflabs Maple board (obsolete) Leaflabs Maple OSHW with STM32F103RBT6 MCU.jpg
Leaflabs Maple board (obsolete)

The following boards have Arduino Uno pin-compatible female pin headers for Arduino shields, but these boards have 3.3 volt logic I/O, instead of 5 volt logic I/O for an Arduino Uno.

ST Nucleo

All Nucleo boards by STMicroelectronics support the mbed development environment, [56] [57] and have an additional onboard ST-LINK/V2-1 host adapter chip which supplies SWD debugging, virtual COM port, and mass storage over USB. There are three Nucleo board families, each supporting a different microcontroller IC package footprint. [58] The debugger embedded on Nucleo boards can be converted to the SEGGER J-Link debugger protocol. [59]

Nucleo-32 boards [58] [60]
Nucleo-64 boards [58] [62]
NUCLEO-F411RE board (Nucleo-64 family) Embedded World 2016, Stm32 Nucleo.jpg
NUCLEO-F411RE board (Nucleo-64 family)
Nucleo-144 boards [58] [65]

ST Discovery

The following Discovery evaluation boards are sold by STMicroelectronics to provide a quick and easy way for engineers to evaluate their microcontroller chips. These kits are available from various distributors for less than US$20. The STMicroelectronics evaluation product licence agreement forbids their use in any production system or any product that is offered for sale. [66]

Each board includes an on-board ST-LINK for programming and debugging via a Mini-B USB connector. The power for each board is provided by a choice of the 5 V via the USB cable, or an external 5 V power supply. They can be used as output power supplies of 3  V or 5  V (current must be less than 100 mA). All Discovery boards also include a voltage regulator, reset button, user button, multiple LEDs, SWD header on top of each board, and rows of header pins on the bottom. [67]

An open-source project was created to allow Linux to communicate with the ST-LINK debugger. [68]

ChibiOS/RT, a free RTOS, has been ported to run on some of the Discovery boards. [69] [70] [71]

STM32L476GDISCOVERY
STM32F429IDISCOVERY
STM32F4DISCOVERY
STM32F4DISCOVERY board (obsolete) STM32F4 Discovery (9067300323).jpg
STM32F4DISCOVERY board (obsolete)
STM32F401CDISCOVERY
STM32F3DISCOVERY
STM32VLDISCOVERY
STM32VLDISCOVERY board STM32 LV Discovery board.jpg
STM32VLDISCOVERY board
STM32L-DISCOVERY
STM32L-DISCOVERY board (obsolete) STM32F0 Discovery (9069526462).jpg
STM32L-DISCOVERY board (obsolete)
STM32L152CDISCOVERY
STM32L100CDISCOVERY
STM32F072BDISCOVERY
STM32F0DISCOVERY
STM32F0308DISCOVERY

ST Evaluation

The following evaluation kits are sold by STMicroelectronics. [77]

STM32W-RFCKIT
STM3220G-JAVA

A ready-to-use Java development kits for its STM32 microcontrollers. The STM3220G-JAVA Starter Kit combines an evaluation version of IS2T's MicroEJ Software Development Kit (SDK) and the STM32F2 series microcontroller evaluation board providing everything engineers need to start their projects. MicroEJ provides extended features to create, simulate, test and deploy Java applications in embedded systems. Support for Graphical User Interface (GUI) development includes a widget library, design tools including storyboarding, and tools for customizing fonts. [78] STM32 microcontrollers that embed Java have a Part Number that ends with J like STM32F205VGT6J.

Development tools

ARM Cortex-M

STM32

Design utilities
Flash programming via USART

All STM32 microcontrollers have a ROM'ed bootloader that supports loading a binary image into its flash memory using one or more peripherals (varies by STM32 family). Since all STM32 bootloaders support loading from the USART peripheral and most boards connect the USART to RS-232 or a USB-to-UART adapter IC, thus it's a universal method to program the STM32 microcontroller. This method requires the target to have a way to enable/disable booting from the ROM'ed bootloader (i.e. jumper / switch / button).

STM32CubeMX
STM32CubeIDE
STM32CubeProgrammer
STM32 C/C++ software libraries

Documentation

The amount of documentation for all ARM chips can be daunting, especially for newcomers. As microprocessors have increased in capability and complexity, the documentation has grown. The total documentation for all ARM chips consists of documents from the IC manufacturer (STMicroelectronics) and documents from CPU core vendor (ARM Holdings).

A typical top-down documentation tree is: manufacturer website, manufacturer marketing slides, manufacturer datasheet for the exact physical chip, manufacturer detailed reference manual that describes common peripherals and aspects of a physical chip family, ARM core generic user guide, ARM core technical reference manual, ARM architecture reference manual that describes the instruction set(s).

STM32 documentation tree (top to bottom)
  1. STM32 website.
  2. STM32 marketing slides.
  3. STM32 datasheet.
  4. STM32 reference manual.
  5. ARM core website.
  6. ARM core generic user guide.
  7. ARM core technical reference manual.
  8. ARM architecture reference manual.

STMicroelectronics has additional documents, such as: evaluation board user manuals, application notes, getting started guides, software library documents, errata, and more. See External Links section for links to official STM32 and ARM documents.

Part number decoding

Example:

STM32F407VG
  • splits into STM32 F4 07 V G
  • means: F4 series, 07 subtype, 100 pin, 1024 KB flash

Decoding:

STM32 xx ww y z
  • xx – Series family
  • ww – Subtype, differs by each series family
  • y – Package pin count
  • z – Flash memory size

See also

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GigaDevice Semiconductor is a Chinese NOR flash memory designer. It also produces microcontrollers, some of them are based on the ARM architecture, and other on the RISC-V architecture. GD32 chips were introduced in 2015 and are compatible in pinout and periphery options to the STM32 line of microcontrollers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ESP32</span> Low-cost, low-power SoC microcontrollers with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi

ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, Xtensa LX7 dual-core microprocessor or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Chinese company based in Shanghai, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process. It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RP2040</span> ARM-architecture microcontroller by the Raspberry Pi Foundation

RP2040 is a 32-bit dual ARM Cortex-M0+ microcontroller integrated circuit by Raspberry Pi Ltd. In January 2021, it was released as part of the Raspberry Pi Pico board.

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Further reading

STM32 Official Documents
STM32
Series
STM32
Website
STM32
Slides
STM32
Reference
ARM
CPU Core
C0
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F7
G0
G4
H5
H7
Cortex-M7F, Cortex-M4F
L0
L1
L4
L4+
L5
U5
WBA
WB
Cortex-M4F, Cortex-M0+
WL
Cortex-M4, Cortex-M0+
ARM Official Documents
Other