ESP32

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ESP32
Espressif ESP-WROOM-32 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth Module.jpg
ESP-WROOM-32 module with ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip
ManufacturerEspressif Systems
TypeMicrocontroller
Release dateSeptember 6, 2016 (2016-09-06) [1]
CPU Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor @ 160 or 240 MHz
Memory520 KiB SRAM
Power3.3 V DC
Predecessor ESP8266

ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system-on-chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, an Xtensa LX7 dual-core microprocessor, or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-management modules. Commonly found either on device specific PCBs or on a range of development boards with GPIO pins and various connectors depending on the model and manufacturer of the board.

Contents

ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Chinese company based in Shanghai, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process. [2] It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

Features

ESP32 function block diagram. Espressif ESP32 Chip Function Block Diagram.svg
ESP32 function block diagram.
ESP32 Die shot. Most of the chip is used by a power distribution network ESP32-Dieshot.jpg
ESP32 Die shot. Most of the chip is used by a power distribution network

Features of the ESP32 include the following: [3]

ESP32-xx family

Since the release of the original ESP32, a number of variants have been introduced and announced. They form the ESP32 family of microcontrollers. These chips have different CPUs and capabilities, but all share the same SDK and are largely code-compatible. Additionally, the original ESP32 was revised (see ESP32 ECO V3, for example). See also https://gist.github.com/sekcompsci/2bf39e715d5fe47579fa184fa819f421

ESP32

ESP32-S2

ESP32-S3

ESP32-C2

ESP32-C3

NodeMCU board with an ESP32-C3-32S ESP32-C3 RISC-V NodeMCU board.jpg
NodeMCU board with an ESP32-C3-32S

ESP32-C6

ESP32-H2

Announced

ESP32-C5

ESP32-P4

QFN packaged chip and module

ESP32 is housed in quad-flat no-leads (QFN) packages of varying sizes with 49 pads. Specifically, 48 connection pads along the sides and one large thermal pad (connected to ground) on the bottom.

Chips

The ESP32 system on a chip integrated circuit is packaged in both 6 mm × 6 mm and 5 mm × 5 mm sized QFN packages.

SeriesIdentifierProcessor
cores
Processor
speed (MHz)
Embedded flash
memory (MiB)
Embedded PSRAM
memory (MiB)
GPIOsPackage
size
Description
ESP32
ESP31B224000346 mm×6 mmPre-release SoC used for beta testing; no longer available.
ESP32-D0WDQ6224000346 mm×6 mmInitial production release chip of the ESP32 series.
Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-D0WD224000345 mm×5 mmSmaller physical package variation similar to ESP32-D0WDQ6.
Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3224000346 mm×6 mmIntroduces some fixes to ESP32-D0WDQ6.
Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-D2WD216020345 mm×5 mm2 MiB (16 Mibit) embedded flash memory variation.
Removed.
Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-S0WD116000345 mm×5 mmSingle-core processor variation.
Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-D0WD-V3224000345 mm×5 mmIntroduces some fixes to ESP32-D0WD.
ESP32-D0WDR2-V3224002345 mm×5 mm
ESP32-U4WDH224040345 mm×5 mmSingle-core processor and 4 MiB (32 Mibit) embedded flash memory variation.
Also 1 CPU 160MHz variant existed.
ESP32-S2
ESP32-S2124000437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S2R2124002437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S2FH2124020437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S2FH4124040437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S2FN4R2124042437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S3
ESP32-S3224000457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG. With 3.3V and 1.8V VDD_SPI voltage.
ESP32-S3R2224002457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S3R8224008457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S3R8V224008457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG. With 1.8V VDD_SPI voltage.
ESP32-S3FN8224080457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S3FH4R2224042457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-C2
ESP8684H1112010144 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP8684H2112020144 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP8684H4112040144 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C3
ESP32-C3116000225 mm×5 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C3FN4116040225 mm×5 mmNot Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-C3FH4116040225 mm×5 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C3FH4AZ116040165 mm×5 mmWith Bluetooth 5. SPI0/SPI1 pins for flash connection are not bonded.
ESP-Shelly-C38F116080115 mm×5 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
only for the manufacturer Shelly
ESP8686H41-40-4 mm×4 mmNot released.
ESP8685H2116020154 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP8685H4116040154 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C6
ESP32-C6116000305 mm×5 mmWith Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C6FH4116040225 mm×5 mmWith Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-H2
ESP32-H2FH219620194 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth Mesh.
ESP32-H2FH419640194 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth Mesh.

In 2020, chips ESP32-D0WDQ6 and ESP32-D0WD also got a V3 version (ESP32 ECO V3), which fixes some of the bugs [18] and introduces improvements over the previous versions.

Modules

The ESP32 PICO system in package modules combine an ESP32 silicon chip, crystal oscillator, flash memory chip, filter capacitors, and RF matching links into a single 7 mm × 7 mm sized QFN package.

The first released PICO was the ESP32-PICO-D4 with 2 CPUs at 240MHz, 4MiB internal flash, a 40MHz oscillator and 34 GPIOs. [19]

Later, in 2020, the ESP32-PICO-V3 and ESP32-PICO-V3-02 modules were introduced both based on the ESP32 ECO V3 wafer. [20] [21]

In 2022 the ESP32-S3-PICO-1 module was introduced with USB OTG and internal PSRAM. [22]

IdentifierProcessor
cores
Processor
speed (MHz)
Embedded flash
memory (MiB)
Embedded PSRAM
memory (MiB)
GPIOsPackage
size
Description
ESP32-PICO-D4224040347 mm×7 mmIncludes ESP32 chip, crystal oscillator, flash memory, filter capacitors, and RF matching links. [23]
ESP32-PICO-V3224040317 mm×7 mmBased on ESP32 with ECO V3 wafer.
ESP32-PICO-V3-02224082297 mm×7 mmBased on ESP32 with ECO V3 wafer.
ESP32-S3-PICO-1-N8R2224082397 mm×7 mmIncludes USB OTG.
ESP32-S3-PICO-1-N8R8224088397 mm×7 mmIncludes USB OTG.

Printed circuit boards

Surface-mount module boards

ESP32 based surface-mount printed circuit board modules directly contain the ESP32 SoC and are designed to be easily integrated onto other circuit boards. Meandered inverted-F antenna designs are used for the PCB trace antennas on the modules listed below. In addition to flash memory, some modules include pseudostatic RAM (pSRAM).

VendorNameAntennaFlash memory (MiB)PSRAM (MiB)Description
EspressifESP-WROOM-03PCB trace40Discontinued. Limited distribution, pre-production module created by Espressif for beta testing purposes; this module used the ESP31B, the beta testing chip for the ESP32 series. [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] FCC Part 15.247 tested (FCC ID: 2AC7Z-ESP32). [29]
ESP32-WROOM-32PCB trace40First publicly available ESP32 module board created by Espressif. [30] FCC Part 15.247 tested (FCC ID: 2AC7Z-ESPWROOM32). [31] Based on ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip. Originally named "ESP-WROOM-32".
ESP32-WROOM-32EPCB trace4,8,160Same as ESP32-WROOM-32 but with the Eco V3 processor revisions [32]
ESP32-WROOM-32DPCB trace40Revision of the ESP-WROOM-32 module which uses an ESP32-D0WD chip instead of an ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip. [33] Originally named "ESP-WROOM-32D".
ESP32-SOLO-1PCB trace40Similar to the ESP32-WROOM-32D module, but uses the single-core ESP32-S0WD chip instead of the dual-core ESP32-D0WD.
ESP32-WROOM-32U U.FL socket 40Alternative to the ESP-WROOM-32D module which has a U.FL connector for external antenna in lieu of a PCB trace antenna. [33]
ESP32-WROVERPCB trace44ESP32 module board with 4 MiB pSRAM created by Espressif. FCC part 15.247 tested (FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32WROVER). Uses 40 MHz crystal oscillator. Does not include U.FL connector. Based on ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip. Since June 2018, new modules have been upgraded to 8 MiB pSRAM.
ESP32-WROVER-IU.FL socket, PCB trace44Variation of ESP32-WROVER module configured to use an on-board U.FL compatible connector. PCB trace antenna not connected by default.
ESP32-WROVER-BPCB trace48Revision of ESP32-WROVER module with 8 MiB pSRAM (instead of 4 MiB pSRAM) operating at 3.3V (instead of 1.8V in previous versions) and ESP32-D0WD (instead of ESP32-D0WDQ6). FCC part 15.247 tested (FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32WROVERB). Does not include U.FL connector. (Custom order option for flash capacity of 8 MiB or 16 MiB also available.)
ESP32-WROVER-IBU.FL socket, PCB trace48Variation of ESP32-WROVER-B module configured to use an on-board U.FL compatible connector. PCB trace antenna not connected by default.
ESP32-WROVER-EPCB trace4,8,162,8Revision of ESP32-WROVER module with 2 or 8 MiB pSRAM (instead of 4 MiB pSRAM) operating at 3.3V (instead of 1.8V in previous versions) and ESP32-D0WD-V3, or in 2MB pSRAM models, ESP32-D0WDR2-V3. FCC part 15.247 tested (FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32WROVERE). Does not include U.FL connector. (Custom order option for flash capacity of 2 MiB, 8 MiB, or 16 MiB also available.) [34]
ESP32-WROVER-IEU.FL socket, PCB trace4,8,162,8Variation of ESP32-WROVER-E module configured to use an on-board U.FL compatible connector. PCB trace antenna not connected by default.
ESP32-PICO-V3-ZEROPCB trace40Based on ESP32-PICO-V3 SiP. It is designed as a module for Alexa Connect Kit (ACK) and connecting with Amazon Alexa.
Ai-ThinkerESP32-SPCB trace40Ai-Thinker's equivalent to Espressif's ESP-WROOM-32 module. (Same form factor and general specifications.) [35] Previously branded as "ESP-32S" with the hyphen before "32S", the initial release of the ESP-32S module replaced the previously announced, but never released, ESP3212 module.
ESP32-A1SU.FL socket, PCB trace84Contains an extra AC101 audio codec IC whose IO-pins (line, mic, etc.) are led to the board pins. Comes separately or soldered onto a corresponding audio development board ("ESP32-Audio-Kit"). [36] [37] [38]
AnalogLambESP-32S-ALBPCB trace40Clone of the ESP-32S module (ESP-WROOM-32 compatible footprint). Seen with a green solder mask coating. [39]
ALB-WROOMPCB trace160Variation of ESP-32S-ALB with 16 MiB of flash memory. [39]
ALB32-WROVERPCB trace44ESP32 module board with 4 MiB pSRAM with the same footprint as the ESP-WROOM-32 module. [40]
DFRobotESP-WROOM-32PCB trace40Module board similar to Espressif Systems's ESP-WROOM-32, but is not FCC certified, and uses 26 MHz or 32 kHz crystal oscillator. [41]
eBox & WidoraESP32-BitCeramic, U.FL socket40Module has a ceramic antenna and an U.FL antenna connector. This module has a different footprint than the ESP-WROOM-32/ESP-32S modules.
Goouuu TechESP-32FPCB trace40Module board similar to Espressif Systems's ESP-WROOM-32. FCC certified (ID 2AM77-ESP-32F).
IntoRobotW32PCB trace40Module similar in appearance to Espressif's ESP-WROOM-32, but footprint pinout differs. [42]
W33Ceramic, U.FL socket40Differs from IntoRobot W32 module in its antenna configuration.
ITEADPSH-C32PCB trace1 [43] 0Module has unusually small flash memory on board. Also, footprint is unique and differs from all other ESP32 modules. [44]
Pycom [45] W01(Not included.)84OEM module version of the WiPy 2.0. Supports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. FCC ID 2AJMTWIPY01R.
L01(Not included.)84OEM module version of the LoPy. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and LoRa. FCC ID 2AJMTLOPY01R.
L04(Not included.)84OEM module version of the LoPy4. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, and Sigfox.
S01(Not included.)84Discontinued. OEM module version of the SiPy. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Sigfox (14 dBm and 22 dBm).
G01(Not included.)84OEM module version of the GPy. Supports Cellular LTE-CAT M1/NB1, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
u-bloxNINA-W131(Not included.)20Belongs to the u-blox NINA-W13 series of Wi-Fi modules. [46]
NINA-W132PIFA20Belongs to the u-blox NINA-W13 series of Wi-Fi modules. [46] On board planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is shaped (cut & bent) metal, not a PCB trace.

Development and other boards

SparkFun Thing Plus - ESP32 WROOM 15663-SparkFun Thing Plus - ESP32 WROOM-01.jpg
SparkFun Thing Plus - ESP32 WROOM
ESP32 Dev Board, SH1106 OLED Display on Breadboard with USB Power Meter ESP32 SH1106 Power-Meter 01.jpg
ESP32 Dev Board, SH1106 OLED Display on Breadboard with USB Power Meter

Development and break-out boards extend wiring and may add functionality, often building upon ESP32 module boards and making them easier to use for development purposes, especially with breadboards.

VendorNameSurface-mount module usedDescription
EspressifESP_Module_TestboardESP-WROOM-03Break-out board included with ESP-WROOM-03 beta modules. [24] [25]
ESP32_Demo Board_V2ESP-WROOM-32Development & demonstration board created by Espressif. [47] [48]
ESP32-DevKitCESP32-WROOM-32, v4 comes with ESP32-WROOM-DA(Dual Antenna), ESP32-WROVER or ESP32-Solo (Single core variant)Compact development board created by Espressif. [49] Silkscreen labeling on PCB reads "Core Board".
ESP-WROVER-KITESP-WROOM-32 or ESP32-WROVERLarge development board created by Espressif. [50] Previously named ESP32-DevKitJ. [51]
ESP32-PICO-KITESP32-PICO-D4Small development board with micro usb and two header rows of 17 pins. FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32PICOKIT.
AdafruitHUZZAH32ESP-WROOM-32Also referred to as the "ESP32 Feather Board", the HUZZAH32 is a compact development board/module that is compatible with the Adafruit Feather family of products.
Ai-ThinkerNodeMCU-32SESP-32SNodeMCU-like development board. [52]
ESP32-CAMESP32-SCompact (27 mm x 40.5 mm) board with ribbon cable Camera Serial Interface with support for 1600 x 1200 pixel OV2640 or 640 x 480 OV7670 camera. Has 9 usable IO pins and microSD card slot. [53]
AnalogLambESP32 Development BoardESP-32S-ALB or ALB-WROOMDevelopment board similar to Espressif's ESP32-DevKitC with on board a CP2102 USB/serial bridge. 4 MiB variation uses ESP-32S-ALB; 16 MiB variation uses ALB-WROOM module. [54]
Maple ESP32ESP-32S-ALBDevelopment board with Arduino-style connections and CP2104 USB/serial interface. [55]
April BrotherESPea32Development board with perfboard area that may be optionally cut-off.
ArduCAMESP32 UNOESP-32SArduino Uno-like development board based on ESP32 IoT UNO framework with support for SPI ArduCAM, battery pins and uSD card slot. [56]
Arduino Arduino Nano ESP32 U-Blox NORA-W106-10B (based on ESP32-S3 IC) Arduino Nano footprint
Banana piBPI:bitESP-32Sa development for Webduino and Arduino
BPI-UNO32ESP32-Sa development board for Arduino
DoITESPduino32ESP-WROOM-32Full-featured Arduino Uno-like development board compatible with Arduino Shields. It also adds additional SPI & IO pins. The board is a clone of WeMos D1 R32 with a USB Type B socket.
ESP32 DEVKIT V1ESP-WROOM-32The ESP32 DevKit V1 is probably the most popular among hobbyists and educators for its ease of use and versatility in various electronic projects. The pinout [57] It's one of the most copied.
EzSBCESP32-01 Breakout and Development BoardESP-WROOM-32Full-featured development board with two tri-color LEDs and fits on a breadboard.
Gravitech & MakerAsiaNano32Development board that directly incorporates the ESP32 chip.
HydraBusHydraESP32ESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32SHydraESP32 HydraBus v1.1 Rev1 shield/breakout board for ESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32S. This shield can be used with or without a HydraBus board.
NoduinoQuantumArduino-style development board that directly incorporates the ESP32 chip.
OlimexESP32-GatewayESP32-WROOM32Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/Ethernet
ESP32-DevKit-LiPoESP32-WROOM-32pin compatible with ESP32-CoreBoard, but adds Lipo charger and ability to work on LiPo.
ESP32-POE-ISOESP32-WROOM-32/UEWi-Fi/Bluetooth/Ethernet development board with Power over Ethernet and 2W of isolated DC power
ESP32-POEESP32-WROOM-32Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/Ethernet development board with Power over Ethernet
ESP32-PROWi-Fi/Bluetooth and PIC32MX270F256DT microcontroller and 32 Mb SPI flash and 32 Mb PSRAM. ESP32-PRO-C includes external crypto engine with ATECC508A
ESP32-EVBESP32-WROOM32Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/Ethernet development board with MicroSD, CAN, IR, LiPo, and two relays.
ESP32-ADFESP32-WROVER-Baudio development framework board with stereo microphones, speakers, audio output jack.
PycomWiPy MicroPython programmable Wi-Fi & Bluetooth IoT development platform with a 1 km Wi-Fi range. WiPy versions 2.0 and 3.0 use ESP32.
LoPyTriple network Pycom board featuring LoRa, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
LoPy4 ?Quadruple network Pycom board featuring LoRa, Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
SiPyTriple network Pycom board featuring Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
GPyTriple network Pycom board featuring LTE-M, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
FiPyQuintuple network Pycom board featuring LTE-M, LoRa, Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
SparkFun ESP32 ThingCompact development board with FTDI FT231x USB/serial interface and LiPo charger built-in.
SunDUINOESP32 MiniBoardESP-WROOM-32Breakout compatible with the Espressif ESP32-DevKitC. Lacks on-board USB-UART.
ESP32 MiniBoard v2ESP32-Wrover-B/IBBreakout board with Silabs CP2102, battery charger. Compatible with Espressif DEVkit.
ESP32 SunDUINOESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32SArduino-style development board. Lacks on-board USB-UART.
SwitchDoc LabsBC24ESP-WROOM-32ESP32 Breakout with 24 SK6812RGBW LEDs with Grove Connectors for easy prototyping. Comes with USB-UART and Feather compatible pinout. [58]
WatterottESP-WROOM32-BreakoutESP-WROOM-32Breakout which is compatible with the Espressif ESP32-DevKitC.
WEMOS [59] LOLIN32 [Retired] [60] ESP-WROOM-32
LOLIN32 Lite [Retired] [61] ESP32-D0WDQ6
LOLIN32 Pro [Retired] [62] ESP32-WROVERMicroSD card slot (supports SD and SPI mode)
LOLIN D32 [63] ESP-WROOM-32
LOLIN D32 Pro [64] ESP32-WROVERI2C port, TFT port and Micro SD Card slot (support SPI mode)
WidoraAirCompact ESP32 development board.
MagicBitMagic Bit CoreESP-WROOM-32Compact ESP32 development board with displays and several sensors onboard to make learning embedded development convenient.

† ESP32 SoC incorporated directly onto development board; no module board used.

Programming

Programming languages, frameworks, platforms, and environments used for ESP32 programming:

Reception and use

Commercial, industrial and academic uses of ESP32:

Use in commercial devices

Use in industrial devices

Academic uses

See also

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RP2350 is a 32-bit dual ARM Cortex-M33 and Hazard3 RISC-V microcontroller integrated circuit by Raspberry Pi Ltd. In August 2024, it was released as part of the Raspberry Pi Pico 2 board.

References

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