NBA playoffs

Last updated
NBA playoffs
Current season, competition or edition:
Basketball current event.svg 2024 NBA playoffs
NBA Playoffs logo (2018).svg
Sport Basketball
Founded1946
No. of teams16 (postseason), 20 (including play-in tournament)
Most recent
champion(s)
Boston Celtics
(2024)
Most titles Boston Celtics (18)
TV partner(s)
Official website National Basketball Association

The National Basketball Association (NBA) playoffs is the annual elimination tournament held to determine the league champion. The four-round, best-of-seven tournament is held after the league's regular season and its preliminary postseason tournament, the NBA play-in tournament. Six teams from each of the two conferences automatically advance to the playoffs based on regular season winning percentage, while those teams finishing seven through 10 from each conference compete in the play-in tournament to determine the final two playoff seeds.

Contents

Format

Prior to the 2020s, the NBA playoffs were widely regarded to comprise the entirety of the NBA postseason, although some sources suggested the NBA Finals should be regarded as separate. From the 2022–23 NBA season, when an expansion to the postseason implemented during the prior three seasons (including two COVID-shortened seasons) was made permanent, the NBA made it clearly known that the playoffs were to remain a four-round, best-of-seven tournament (including the Finals), and that thus qualification criteria for the playoffs and postseason are no longer identical.

The top six teams in both the Eastern Conference and Western Conference, ranked by winning percentage, directly advance to the playoffs. Teams ranked seventh through tenth compete in the NBA play-in tournament for the seventh and eighth seeds.

Officially considered separate from the NBA playoffs, the NBA play-in tournament uses a modified Page playoff format in which the seventh- and eighth-place teams play each other in a qualification game, with the winner being given the opportunity to play as the seventh seed of the playoffs. Meanwhile, the ninth- and tenth-place teams play each other in an elimination game, with the loser being eliminated and the winner playing the loser of the seven-eight game in a final game to determine who earns the eighth playoff seed. [1]

Both conferences conduct the playoffs in the traditional bracket format. All rounds are best-of-seven series. Series are played in the 2–2–1–1–1 format, meaning the team with home-court advantage hosts games 1, 2, 5, and 7, while their opponent hosts games 3, 4, and 6, with games 5, 6 and 7 being played if needed. This format has been used since 2014, after NBA team owners unanimously voted to change the format of the NBA Finals from the 2–3–2 format on October 23, 2013. Once the playoffs start, the bracket is fixed; teams are never "reseeded", unlike in the National Football League and formerly the National Hockey League (until the wild card format introduced in the 2013–14 season), where the strongest remaining teams face the weakest teams in subsequent rounds. [2]

Tiebreaker criteria

If two or more teams within the same conference are tied in overall winning percentage, tiebreaker criteria are used to determine final rankings.

The tiebreaker criteria are as follows: [3]

  1. Head-to-head record; better record in games with the tied teams.
  2. Division record; better record in games against teams in its own division (Only if the teams are in the same division).
  3. Conference record; better record in games against teams in its own conference.
  4. Winning percentage against playoff teams in its own conference.
  5. Winning percentage against playoff teams in the opposing conference.
  6. Point differential in all games.

Should three or more teams tie, any division leaders are given higher seeds regardless of any other criteria. In addition, once any team is eliminated from a tiebreaker, the evaluation goes back to the first step for the remaining teams. Prior to 2016, this rule was also used for two-team ties, but only applied if the two teams have the same head-to-head record. [4]

History

The National Basketball Association was established in 1949 by merger of the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and National Basketball League but it recognizes the three BAA seasons as part of its own history. In all of its three years the BAA champion was finally determined in a best-of-seven series but its first two tournaments, the 1947 and 1948 BAA playoffs, were otherwise quite different from the third, which 21st-century NBA playoffs nearly match. In 1947 and 1948, the Eastern and Western Division champions were matched in a best-of-seven series following the regular season, whose winner advanced to the championship round. Meanwhile, four runners-up played best-of-three series to determine the other finalist: the two second-place teams were matched in one short series and the two third-place teams in another; the winners of those two series played another one. In 1947, the Philadelphia Warriors won the runners-up bracket and beat the Western champion Chicago Stags four games to one, which the NBA recognizes as its first championship; in 1948 Baltimore won the runners-up and beat Eastern champion Philadelphia in the final. Both tournaments generated one finalist from the Eastern and one from the Western Division, but only by chance. [5]

In 1949, the third and last BAA tournament matched Eastern teams exclusively and Western teams exclusively, necessarily generating Eastern and Western playoff champions to meet in the final. At the same time, the number of playoff teams was increased from three to four from each Division; two rounds of best-of-three series were played, followed by a best-of-seven championship. The main idea was retained by the NBA. Even the 1950 tournament, following a transitional season with three divisions rather than two, initially determined one playoff champion from each division. The Central champion Minneapolis Lakers became the first league champion under the NBA name by defeating Anderson from the West in a best-of-three, with Syracuse from the East idle, and then knocking off the Syracuse Nationals in six games. [6]

The 1951 through 1953 playoffs changed the division finals into a best-of-five playoff. With only nine league members in 1953–54, the NBA cut its postseason tournament field from eight teams to six (from 1954 through 1966, the period of eight to nine league members). Round robins were played in 1954, uniquely in NBA history—a three-team round robin among the three playoff teams in each division. From 1955 to 1966, the first-place team in each division was idle while its two runners-up faced played a best-of-three. Division finals were expanded to best-of-seven in 1958 and division semifinals to best-of-five in 1961.

With ten league members again for the 1966–67 season, eight teams were again admitted to the tournament, providing a simple three-round knockout (8-team bracket). A year later, the division semifinals were changed to best-of-seven playoff. Then, in 1975 and 1977, respectively, a fifth and sixth team were added to each Division, necessitating an additional first round of best-of-three series.

Finally in 1984, the tournament expanded to its present 16-team, four-round knockout, and the now-complete set of first-round series was expanded to a best-of-five. In 2003 the first round was changed to also be best-of-seven.

Beginning with the 2004 season, with the addition of the 30th NBA franchise, the Charlotte Bobcats, the NBA realigned its divisions. The result was that each conference would have three divisions of five teams each, and the winner of each division was guaranteed a top-three playoff seed. This would change slightly after the 2005–06 season; while division winners still receive automatic playoff berths, they are guaranteed a top-four seed, as described below.

2006 NBA playoffs controversy

The playoff format in place for the 2005 and 2006 NBA playoffs created controversy and would be changed prior to the 2006–07 NBA season. [7]

Prior to 2004, when the NBA was aligned into two conferences with two divisions each, the division champions were guaranteed the top two seeds. This meant that the top two teams in a conference could never meet until the conference finals, assuming they both made it to that round.

After the NBA realigned its two conferences into three divisions each, the seeding rules remained largely unchanged. The top three seeds would now be reserved for division champions. However, this meant that if the top two teams (by record) in a conference were in the same division, the division runner-up could do no better than the fourth seed. Assuming no first-round upsets, this raised the prospect that the top two teams in the conference would face each other in the conference semifinals, instead of the conference finals. In the second year of this format, the 2005–06 NBA season, the two teams with the best records in the Western Conference (and the second- and third-best records in the entire league), the San Antonio Spurs and Dallas Mavericks of the Southwest Division, did just that. This turn of events led to the playoff format being criticized by many. [7]

In August 2006, the NBA announced a rules change. Beginning in the 2006–07 season, the top four seeds in each conference would be seeded according to their win–loss totals. This assures that the team with the second-best record in the conference will receive the second seed even if it is not a division champion, thus "guaranteeing that the top two teams in each conference cannot meet until the conference finals". [7]

Timeline

Quarterfinals
Best-of-3
Semifinals
Best-of-3 (one series)

Best-of-7 (one series)

BAA finals
Best-of-7
         
E3  
W3  
 
 
W2  
E2  
 
 
W1  
E1  

There were no byes, or idle time, for the division champions—as there would be for higher-seeded playoff teams 1955–66 and 1975–83. All six 1947 participants played their first tournament games on Wednesday, April 2; in 1948 the two Eastern runners-up (E2, E3 in the figure) were idle for a few days only because there was a three-way Western tie to break. Both winners of the runners-up bracket, Philadelphia in 1947 and Baltimore in 1948, reached the final series having played fewer tournament games than their final opponents, Chicago in 1947 and Philadelphia in 1948, had played in the best-of-7 pairings of division champions. And both winners of the runners-up bracket won the final series. The "postseason" actually comprised 11 games played in a span of 21 days for the 1947 Chicago Stags and 13 games in 30 days for 1948 Philadelphia Warriors, the finalists who emerged from the pairing of division champions. [5]

Division Semifinals
Best-of-3
Division Finals
Best-of-3
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
         
E1  
E4  
 
Eastern Division
 
E3  
E2  
 
 
W1  
W4  
 
Western Division
 
W2  
W3  
Division Semifinals
Best-of-3
Division Finals
Best-of-3
NBA Semifinals
Best-of-3
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
C1 
C4 
 
Central Division
 
C3 
C2 
E1 
E4 
 1 
Eastern Division
 3  
E3 
2 
E2 
W1 
W4 
 
Western Division
 
W3 
W2 
Division Semifinals
Best-of-3
Division Finals
Best-of-5
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
         
E1  
E4  
 
Eastern Division
 
E2  
E3  
 
 
W1  
W4  
 
Western Division
 
W2  
W3  
Division Round Robin SemifinalsDivision Finals
Best-of-3
NBA Finals
Eastern Division
E1
E1
E2
E2
E3
Western Division
W1
W1
W2
W2
W3
Division Semifinals
Best-of-3 (1955–1960), Best-of-5 (1961–1966)
Division Finals
Best-of-5 (1955–1957), Best-of-7 (1958–1966)
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
Eastern Division
E1 
E2  
E3  
Western Division 
W1 
W2  
W3 

The 1961 to 1966 tournaments alone combined initial byes for the top seeded teams in each division with best-of-five initial series for second and third seeded teams in both divisions. The 1961 byes provided five and seven extra days idle for the first-place teams. By 1966 the schedule provided more rest for the first-round participants with byes of 11 and eight extra days idle. [9]

Division Semifinals
Best-of-5 (1967),

Best-of-7 (1968–1970)

Division Finals
Best-of-7 (1968–1970)
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
         
E1  
E3  
 
Eastern Division
 
E2  
E4  
 
 
W1  
W3  
 
Western Division
 
W2  
W4  
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
         
A1  
C2  
 
Eastern Conference
 
C1  
A2  
 
 
M1  
P2  
 
Western Conference
 
P1  
M2  
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
         
E1  
E4  
 
Eastern Conference
 
E3  
E2  
 
 
W1  
W4  
 
Western Conference
 
W3  
W2  
First Round
Best-of-3
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
E1  
E4   
E5  Eastern Conference 
 
E2  
E3  
 
 
W1  
W4   
W5  Western Conference 
 
W2  
W3  
First Round
Best-of-3
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
E1*  
E4   
E5  Eastern Conference 
 
E2*  
E3   
E6   
 
W1*  
W4   
W5  Western Conference 
 
W2*  
W3   
W6  

The 1983 tournament is the latest to incorporate first-round byes for seeded teams. The first-round best-of-three series tapped off on Tuesday and Wednesday, April 19 and 20; the second-round best-of-sevens on Sunday to the following Wednesday, April 27. Counting from Tuesday the byes provided five to eight extra days idle. [10]

First Round
Best-of-5
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
            
E1*  
E8  
 
 
E4  
E5  
 
Eastern Conference
 
E3  
E6  
 
 
E2*  
E7  
 
 
W1*  
W8  
 
 
W4  
W5  
 
Western Conference
 
W3  
W6  
 
 
W2*  
W7  
First Round
Best-of-7
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
            
E1*  
E8  
 
 
E4  
E5  
 
Eastern Conference
 
E3  
E6  
 
 
E2*  
E7  
 
 
W1*  
W8  
 
 
W4  
W5  
 
Western Conference
 
W3  
W6  
 
 
W2*  
W7  
First Round
Best-of-7
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
            
E1*  
E8  
 
 
E4  
E5  
 
Eastern Conference
 
E3*  
E6  
 
 
E2*  
E7  
 
 
W1*  
W8  
 
 
W4  
W5  
 
Western Conference
 
W3*  
W6  
 
 
W2*  
W7  
First Round
Best-of-7
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
            
E1*  
E8  
 
 
E5  
E4*  
 
Eastern Conference
 
E3*  
E6  
 
 
E2  
E7  
 
 
W1*  
W8  
 
 
W5  
W4*  
 
Western Conference
 
W3  
W6  
 
 
W2*  
W7  
First Round
Best-of-7
Conference Semifinals
Best-of-7
Conference Finals
Best-of-7
NBA Finals
Best-of-7
            
E1*  
E8  
 
 
E5  
E4  
 
Eastern Conference
 
E3  
E6  
 
 
E2*  
E7*  
 
 
W1*  
W8  
 
 
W4  
W5*  
 
Western Conference
 
W3  
W6  
 
 
W2*  
W7  

In the 2020 play-in format, if the ninth-place team within a conference finished the regular season within four games of the eighth-place team, they would compete in a postseason play-in series. [11] This format was used only in the Western Conference, as the No. 9 Memphis Grizzlies finished within a half-game of the No. 8 Portland Trail Blazers. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] Described as a best-of-two series, the Trail Blazers, needing only one win as the higher seed, eliminated the Grizzlies in game one to advance to the playoffs. [17]

In 2021, the top six teams in each conference advance to the playoffs, while seventh- through tenth-placed teams qualified for a play-in tournament. The seventh- and eighth-place teams got up to two chances to win one game to qualify for the playoffs, while the ninth- and tenth-place teams needed to win two consecutive games to advance. [18] The play-in games would become a permanent part of the postseason starting in 2023. [19]

No. 7 Seed and EliminationNo. 8 SeedFinal Seeds
7W1No. 7 Seed
8W3No. 8 Seed
L1
W2
9
10

W1 is Winner of 7/8 game
L1 is Loser of 7/8 game
W2 is Winner of 9/10 game
W3 is Winner of W2 / L1 game.

Team rosters

Playoff teams must identify their postseason rosters before the playoffs begin. They are allowed up to 15 players each and can designate two players as inactive for each game. [20] Players are eligible to be on a team's playoff roster as long as they were on the team for at least one regular season game, and were not on another NBA team's roster after March 1. [21] Prior to the 2005–06 season, playoff rosters were limited to 12 players who were named before the playoffs began. [20] [22]

Records and statistics

Playoff appearances

Current as of the 2024 NBA playoffs

Appearances by active teams

TeamAppearances [41]
Los Angeles Lakers 64 [upper-alpha 1]
Boston Celtics 61
Philadelphia 76ers 54 [upper-alpha 2]
Atlanta Hawks 49 [upper-alpha 3]
New York Knicks 45
Detroit Pistons 42 [upper-alpha 4]
San Antonio Spurs 39 [upper-alpha 5]
Portland Trail Blazers 37
Golden State Warriors 37 [upper-alpha 6]
Chicago Bulls 36
Milwaukee Bucks 36
Houston Rockets 34 [upper-alpha 7]
Oklahoma City Thunder 33 [upper-alpha 8]
Phoenix Suns 33
Utah Jazz 31 [upper-alpha 9]
Washington Wizards 30 [upper-alpha 10]
Sacramento Kings 30 [upper-alpha 11]
Denver Nuggets 30 [upper-alpha 5]
Indiana Pacers 28 [upper-alpha 5]
Dallas Mavericks 25
Miami Heat 25
Brooklyn Nets 24 [upper-alpha 5] [upper-alpha 12]
Cleveland Cavaliers 24
Los Angeles Clippers 18 [upper-alpha 13]
Orlando Magic 17
Toronto Raptors 13
Memphis Grizzlies 13
Minnesota Timberwolves 12
Charlotte Hornets 10 [upper-alpha 14]
New Orleans Pelicans 9 [upper-alpha 14]
  1. Includes appearances as the Minneapolis Lakers (1947–1960).
  2. Includes appearances as the Syracuse Nationals (1946–1963).
  3. Includes appearances as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks (1946–1951), the Milwaukee Hawks (1951–1955), and the St. Louis Hawks (1955–1968).
  4. Includes appearances as the Fort Wayne Pistons (1949–1957).
  5. 1 2 3 4 Does not include appearances in the American Basketball Association (ABA) playoffs. Per the conditions of the ABA–NBA merger, the NBA does not officially recognize the ABA history, playoffs and records.
  6. Includes appearances as the Philadelphia Warriors (1946–1962) and the San Francisco Warriors (1962–1971).
  7. Includes appearances as the San Diego Rockets (1967–1971).
  8. As part of the 2008 relocation settlement with the City of Seattle, the Thunder officially shares its history with that of the Seattle SuperSonics (1967–2008). [42]
  9. Includes appearances as the New Orleans Jazz (1974–1979).
  10. Includes appearances as the Chicago Packers (1961–1962), the Chicago Zephyrs (1962–1963), the Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973), the Capital Bullets (1973–1974), and the Washington Bullets (1974–1997).
  11. Includes appearances as the Rochester Royals (1948–1957), the Cincinnati Royals (1957–1972), the Kansas City-Omaha Kings (1972–1975), and the Kansas City Kings (1975–1985).
  12. Includes appearances as the New Jersey Nets (1977–2012).
  13. Includes appearances as the Buffalo Braves (1970–1978).
  14. 1 2 The New Orleans Pelicans were originally the Charlotte Hornets, and moved to New Orleans in 2002. A new team, the Charlotte Bobcats, was then established in 2004. The New Orleans team kept the Hornets nickname from its relocation from Charlotte until 2013. When the Charlotte team reclaimed the Hornets name in a 2014 agreement, it also reclaimed the history and records of the original Charlotte Hornets; as such, the New Orleans Pelicans are considered established in 2002, and the Bobcats/Hornets are considered a linear franchise that was inactive from 2002 to 2004. [43]

All-time NBA playoffs table

The all-time NBA playoffs table is an overall record of all match results of every team that has played in playoffs since the 1946–47 season. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2024 NBA playoffs. [44] Bold indicates the highest number.

FranchisePldWLPTSOPP PTSDIFF PTSCHCT
Atlanta Hawks 39017022039,19040,314-1,12410
Boston Celtics 73842331577,63575,8511,7841811
Brooklyn Nets 1717010116,67416,996-32222
Charlotte Hornets 6323405,8536,035-18200
Chicago Bulls 34918716234,07933,71636366
Cleveland Cavaliers 24613111524,19123,88430715
Dallas Mavericks 24911813125,72925,987-25813
Denver Nuggets 24210513726,02526,475-45011
Detroit Pistons 37218918335,55135,41813335
Golden State Warriors 38421217240,47139,78268977
Houston Rockets 32215816432,83332,975-14224
Indiana Pacers 25812313524,45724,456131
Los Angeles Clippers 153668715,99916,161-16200
Los Angeles Lakers 78246731581,30879,4601,8481719
Memphis Grizzlies 9838609,5989,997-39900
Miami Heat 29516313228,31528,08922637
Milwaukee Bucks 31215216032,59532,38720823
Minnesota Timberwolves 7930497,7157,962-24700
New Orleans Pelicans 5922375,6475,909-26200
New York Knicks 40420020438,48938,932-44324
Oklahoma City Thunder 34117017134,63834,655-1714
Orlando Magic 140627813,42013,533-11302
Philadelphia 76ers 48825123750,09250,178-8635
Phoenix Suns 32416016434,34034,395-5503
Portland Trail Blazers 27411915528,11228,769-65713
Sacramento Kings 1948311119,03119,396-36510
San Antonio Spurs 40322218140,21039,48472656
Toronto Raptors 123576612,16412,361-19711
Utah Jazz 29213515728,92829,128-20002
Washington Wizards 2379913824,09724,426-32914

See also

Related Research Articles

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