NLGN3

NLGN3
Identifiers
Aliases	NLGN3 , HNL3, neuroligin 3
External IDs	OMIM: 300336 MGI: 2444609 HomoloGene: 23133 GeneCards: NLGN3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)
End	71,175,255 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)
End	100,369,569 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	prefrontal cortex; ; amygdala; ; ganglionic eminence; ; cingulate gyrus; ; nucleus accumbens; ; caudate nucleus; ; Brodmann area 9; ; putamen; ; internal globus pallidus; ; hippocampus proper;
	Top expressed in
	visual cortex; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; supraoptic nucleus; ; substantia nigra; ; Region I of hippocampus proper; ; hippocampus proper; ; neural tube; ; piriform cortex; ; olfactory tubercle; ; temporal lobe;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	scaffold protein binding ; neurexin family protein binding ; carboxylic ester hydrolase activity ; cell adhesion molecule binding ; protein binding ; signaling receptor activity ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; membrane ; cell surface ; synapse ; cell junction ; endocytic vesicle ; excitatory synapse ; plasma membrane ; integral component of plasma membrane ; integral component of postsynaptic membrane ; spanning component of membrane ; presynapse ; symmetric, GABA-ergic, inhibitory synapse ; asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse ;
Biological process	regulation of AMPA receptor activity ; positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering ; social behavior ; rhythmic synaptic transmission ; regulation of NMDA receptor activity ; regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic ; excitatory postsynaptic potential ; positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity ; synapse organization ; negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential ; modulation of chemical synaptic transmission ; regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process ; axon extension ; learning ; long-term potentiation ; vocalization behavior ; negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis ; neuron cell-cell adhesion ; regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis ; receptor-mediated endocytosis ; cell adhesion ; oligodendrocyte differentiation ; regulation of terminal button organization ; adult behavior ; positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential ; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic ; regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation ; visual learning ; inhibitory postsynaptic potential ; positive regulation of synapse assembly ; synapse assembly ; synaptic vesicle endocytosis ; postsynaptic membrane assembly ; presynaptic membrane assembly ; presynapse assembly ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	54413
	245537
	ENSG00000196338
	ENSMUSG00000031302
	Q9NZ94
	Q8BYM5
	NM_001166660 ; NM_018977 ; NM_181303 ; NM_001321276
	NM_172932
	NP_001160132 ; NP_001308205 ; NP_061850 ; NP_851820 ; NP_001160132.1
	NP_766520
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated November 28, 2023

Neuroligin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLGN3 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

This gene encodes a member of the neuroligin family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Neuroligins may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. Mutations in this gene may be associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene, but their full length sequences have not been determined.^[7]

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Neuroligin (NLGN), a type I membrane protein, is a cell adhesion protein on the postsynaptic membrane that mediates the formation and maintenance of synapses between neurons. Neuroligins act as ligands for β-neurexins, which are cell adhesion proteins located presynaptically. Neuroligin and β-neurexin "shake hands", resulting in the connection between two neurons and the production of a synapse. Neuroligins also affect the properties of neural networks by specifying synaptic functions, and they mediate signalling by recruiting and stabilizing key synaptic components. Neuroligins interact with other postsynaptic proteins to localize neurotransmitter receptors and channels in the postsynaptic density as the cell matures. Additionally, neuroligins are expressed in human peripheral tissues and have been found to play a role in angiogenesis. In humans, alterations in genes encoding neuroligins are implicated in autism and other cognitive disorders. Antibodies in a mother from previous male pregnancies against neuroligin 4 from the Y chromosome increase the probability of homosexuality in male offspring.

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References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196338 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031302 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Philibert RA, Winfield SL, Sandhu HK, Martin BM, Ginns EI (May 2000). "The structure and expression of the human neuroligin-3 gene". Gene. 246 (1–2): 303–10. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00049-4. PMID 10767552.
↑ Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa K, Hirosawa M, Ohara O (Sep 2000). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 7 (2): 143–50. doi: 10.1093/dnares/7.2.143 . PMID 10819331.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: NLGN3 neuroligin 3".

Missler M, Fernandez-Chacon R, Südhof TC (1998). "The making of neurexins". J. Neurochem. 71 (4): 1339–47. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71041339.x . PMID 9751164.
Cantallops I, Cline HT (2000). "Synapse formation: if it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck ..." Curr. Biol. 10 (17): R620–3. doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00663-1 . PMID 10996085.
Ichtchenko K, Nguyen T, Südhof TC (1996). "Structures, alternative splicing, and neurexin binding of multiple neuroligins". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (5): 2676–82. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.5.2676 . PMID 8576240.
Irie M, Hata Y, Takeuchi M, et al. (1997). "Binding of neuroligins to PSD-95". Science. 277 (5331): 1511–5. doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1511. PMID 9278515.
Nguyen T, Südhof TC (1997). "Binding properties of neuroligin 1 and neurexin 1beta reveal function as heterophilic cell adhesion molecules". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (41): 26032–9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.41.26032 . PMID 9325340.
Gilbert M, Smith J, Roskams AJ, Auld VJ (2001). "Neuroligin 3 is a vertebrate gliotactin expressed in the olfactory ensheathing glia, a growth-promoting class of macroglia". Glia. 34 (3): 151–64. doi:10.1002/glia.1050. PMID 11329178. S2CID 19247385.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Jamain S, Quach H, Betancur C, et al. (2003). "Mutations of the X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 are associated with autism". Nat. Genet. 34 (1): 27–9. doi:10.1038/ng1136. PMC 1925054 . PMID 12669065.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Vincent JB, Kolozsvari D, Roberts WS, et al. (2005). "Mutation screening of X-chromosomal neuroligin genes: no mutations in 196 autism probands". Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 129 (1): 82–4. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30069 . PMID 15274046. S2CID 24799609.
Gauthier J, Bonnel A, St-Onge J, et al. (2005). "NLGN3/NLGN4 gene mutations are not responsible for autism in the Quebec population". Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 132 (1): 74–5. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30066. PMID 15389766. S2CID 43148256.
Yan J, Oliveira G, Coutinho A, et al. (2005). "Analysis of the neuroligin 3 and 4 genes in autism and other neuropsychiatric patients". Mol. Psychiatry. 10 (4): 329–32. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001629. hdl: 10400.18/346 . PMID 15622415. S2CID 17530049.
Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, et al. (2007). "Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries". DNA Res. 12 (2): 117–26. doi: 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117 . PMID 16303743.
Blasi F, Bacchelli E, Pesaresi G, et al. (2006). "Absence of coding mutations in the X-linked genes neuroligin 3 and neuroligin 4 in individuals with autism from the IMGSAC collection". Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 141 (3): 220–1. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30287. PMID 16508939. S2CID 42297317.
Talebizadeh Z, Lam DY, Theodoro MF, et al. (2006). "Novel splice isoforms for NLGN3 and NLGN4 with possible implications in autism". J. Med. Genet. 43 (5): e21. doi:10.1136/jmg.2005.036897. PMC 2564526 . PMID 16648374.
Yamakawa H, Oyama S, Mitsuhashi H, et al. (2007). "Neuroligins 3 and 4X interact with syntrophin-gamma2, and the interactions are affected by autism-related mutations". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 355 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.127. PMID 17292328.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196338 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031302 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10767552-5] Philibert RA, Winfield SL, Sandhu HK, Martin BM, Ginns EI (May 2000). "The structure and expression of the human neuroligin-3 gene". Gene. 246 (1–2): 303–10. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00049-4. PMID 10767552.

[pmid10819331-6] Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa K, Hirosawa M, Ohara O (Sep 2000). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 7 (2): 143–50. doi: 10.1093/dnares/7.2.143 . PMID 10819331.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: NLGN3 neuroligin 3".

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NLGN3

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading