Neurexin-2-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRXN2 gene. [5] [6]
Neurexins are a family of proteins that function in the vertebrate nervous system as cell adhesion molecules and receptors. They are encoded by several unlinked genes of which two, NRXN1 and NRXN3, are among the largest known human genes. Three of the genes (NRXN1-3) utilize two alternate promoters and include numerous alternatively spliced exons to generate thousands of distinct mRNA transcripts and protein isoforms. The majority of transcripts are produced from the upstream promoter and encode alpha-neurexin isoforms; a much smaller number of transcripts are produced from the downstream promoter and encode beta-neurexin isoforms. The alpha-neurexins contain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) sequences and laminin G domains, and have been shown to interact with neurexophilins. The beta-neurexins lack EGF-like sequences and contain fewer laminin G domains than alpha-neurexins. [6]
Neurexins (NRXN) are a family of presynaptic cell adhesion proteins that have roles in connecting neurons at the synapse. They are located mostly on the presynaptic membrane and contain a single transmembrane domain. The extracellular domain interacts with proteins in the synaptic cleft, most notably neuroligin, while the intracellular cytoplasmic portion interacts with proteins associated with exocytosis. Neurexin and neuroligin "shake hands," resulting in the connection between the two neurons and the production of a synapse. Neurexins mediate signaling across the synapse, and influence the properties of neural networks by synapse specificity. Neurexins were discovered as receptors for α-latrotoxin, a vertebrate-specific toxin in black widow spider venom that binds to presynaptic receptors and induces massive neurotransmitter release. In humans, alterations in genes encoding neurexins are implicated in autism and other cognitive diseases, such as Tourette syndrome and schizophrenia.
Latrophilin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADGRL1 gene. It is a member of the adhesion-GPCR family of receptors. Family members are characterized by an extended extracellular region with a variable number of protein domains coupled to a TM7 domain via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.
Latrophilin 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADGRL3 gene.
Latrophilin 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADGRL2 gene.
Laminin subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMB3 gene.
Laminin subunit gamma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMC1 gene.
Laminin subunit alpha-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMA4 gene.
Neurexin-1-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRXN1 gene.
Fibulin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBLN2 gene.
Neuroligin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLGN3 gene.
Interleukin-36 beta also known as interleukin-1 family member 8 (IL1F8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL36B gene.
Neuroligin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLGN1 gene.
Neurexin-3-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRXN3 gene.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRE gene.
Neurexophilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NXPH1 gene.
Neuroligin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLGN2 gene.
Membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MS4A7 gene.
CD79b molecule, immunoglobulin-associated beta, also known as CD79B, is a human gene.
Contactin-associated protein-like 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNTNAP4 gene.
Synapsin II is the collective name for synapsin IIa and synapsin IIb, two nearly identical phosphoproteins in the synapsin family that in humans are encoded by the SYN2 gene. Synapsins associate as endogenous substrates to the surface of synaptic vesicles and act as key modulators in neurotransmitter release across the presynaptic membrane of axonal neurons in the nervous system.