Nagpuri literature refers to literature in the Nagpuri language, the language of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The earliest literature started in the nagpuri language when the Nagvanshi king and king of Ramgarh Raj started writing poetry in the 17th century. Since then, various literature has been written. [1] Although in the present century, Nagpuri was never considered worthy of literary development. But some dedicated writers have engaged in writing short stories, plays and poetry. [2]
According to findings of manuscripts, literary works in the Nagpuri language started in the reign of Nagvanshi and Ramgarh Raj. Only the identity of King Raghunath Shah and King of Ramgarh, Dalel Singh, have established who were king in the 17th century. They were writing poetry. These literature are in Devnagari and Kaithi script. [1] [3]
Some poets of the late modern period were Hanuman Singh, Jaigovind Mishra, Barju Ram Pathak, Ghasi Ram Mahli, Das Mahli, Mahant Ghasi and Kanchan. There were also great writers like Pradumn Das and Rudra Singh. [4] [5]
Some writer in contemporary period are Praful Kumar Rai, Sahani Upendra Pal Singh, Shiv Avtar Choudhary, Lal Ranvijay Nath Shahdeo, Bisheshwar Prasad Keshari, Girdhari Ram Gonjhu, Bhuneshwar Anuj and Shakuntala Mishra. [8]
Nagpuri taught in Ranchi University and other Universities of Jharkhand since 1980s. The study in regional and tribal languages in Ranchi University was started by Bishweswar Pradesh Keshri and Ram Dayal Munda during 1980s. [10] [11] Although Nagpuri was never considered worthy of literatary development, in present time a small but dedicated writers have engaged in writing short stories, plays and poetry. [2]
There are around 645 known nagpuri poets and writers whose manuscripts and books have been available since the 17th century. [1] Works of some poets and writers in the nagpuri language are as follows: [7] [6]
Author | Works |
---|---|
Raghunath Shah | first known poet in nagpuri language, mostly composed devotional poetry |
Beniram Mehta | Nagvanshavali (1876) |
Ghasi Ram Mahli | Nagpuri Fag Satak, Lalana Ranjana, Durga Saptasati, Nagvanshavali Jhumar |
Kanchan | Sudama Charitra, Krishna Charitra, Mahabharat, Lanka Kand, Usha Haran |
Drugpal Ram Deogharia | Nal Charita, Korambe Upakhyan |
E.H Whitley | Notes on Ganwari dialects of Lohardaga, Chotanagpur (grammar), 1896 |
Konrad Bookout | Grammar of the Nagpuria Sadani language |
Ramtahal Ram | Geet Nagpuria Jhumar (1945) |
Dhaniram Bakshi | Jitiya Kahani, Fogli budhia kar Kahani, Narad Moh Lila, Karam Mahatmay, Sri Krishna Charit, Domkach geet (1957) |
Baraik Mahadev Singh | Desi Jhumar |
Praful Kumar Rai | Son Jhair (collection of stories), Barkha, Barkha Bund, Nagpuri Kavi, Awsar ni mile bujhu, Kilkila |
Bisheshwar Prasad Keshari | Nerua Lota urf Sanskritit Abdharna (nibandh), Thakur Vishwanath Sahi, Kanti |
Bhuneshwar Anuj | Nagpuri Lok Sahitya |
Sahani Upendra Pal Singh | Mewar Keshri, Amba Manjar, Ulahana |
Shravan Kumar Goswami | Nagpuri Vyakran, Seva aur Nokri, Teteir Kar Chhaon, Du Dair Bis Phool |
Girdhari Ram Gonjhu | Mahabali Radhe Kar Balidan, Akhra Nindaye Gelak |
Naimuddin Mirdaha | Menjur Painkh |
Baraik Iswari Prasad Singh | Kaka kar Kahani |
Kali Kumar Suman | Khukhri Rugda |
Shakuntala Mishra | Nagpuri Sadani Vyakaran, Sadani Nagpuri-Hindi Sabdkosh, Sato Nadi Par |
The Mahli are a community in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. Basketry was main occupation of mahlis. Mahli speak Sadri, Mundari and Santali as their mother tongue rather than Mahli. May be Mahli is a threatened language. Also use Bengali, Hindi and Odia. They are included in list of Scheduled Tribe.
Ramgarh Raj was the major Zamindari estate in the era of the British Raj in the former Indian province of Bihar. Territories which comprised the Ramgarh Raj presently constitute districts of Ramgarh, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Giridih, Koderma, and Bokaro with 3672 villages. The entire area is rich in minerals like coal and mica and falls under the Indian State of Jharkhand. The First King was Maharaja Baghdeo Singh and the last ruling king was Maharaja Kamakhya Narain Singh of this estate, until the estate was merged to the Republic of India. The revenue of the estate was about 3600000.
Nagpuri is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Bihar. It is primarily spoken in the west and central Chota Nagpur plateau region. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Bhojpuri.
The Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur, also known as the Khokhra chieftaincy, was an Indian dynasty which ruled the parts of Chota Nagpur plateau region during much of ancient, medieval and modern period. Phani Mukut Rai is considered the first king of dynasty claim to be son of Pundrika Naga, a mythical Naga. Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1931–2014) was last ruling king of the dynasty, until the estate was merged to the Republic of India.
The Nagpuria people, also Nagpuri or Sadan, are an Indo-Aryan speaking ethnolinguistic group who are the native speakers of the Nagpuri language and natives of the western Chota Nagpur Plateau region of Indian states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
Sadan are the native Indo-Aryan-speaking ethnolinguistic groups of Chota Nagpur Plateau consist of Indian state of Jharkhand and neighbouring states who speak Nagpuri, Khortha and Kurmali language as their native language.
Raghunath Shah was a Nagvanshi king in the 17th century. He succeeded his father Ram Shah in 1663. His capital was at Navratangarh. He built several temples during his reign.
Ghasi Ram Mahli was an Indian Nagpuri-language poet. He was a poet under the patronage of Nagvanshi Lal Thakur of Thakurgaon. He was the first poet of the Nagpuri language, whose book was published in 1911.
Shivdas Karn was Nagvanshi king in 14th century. He succeeded Go Karn.
Pratap Karn (c.1451-c.1469) was Nagvanshi king in 15th century.
Dalel Singh was the king of Karnpura during the 17th century. He shifted his capital from Badam in Barkagaon, which is now in Hazaribagh district, to Ramgarh in 1670 and family has used Ramgarh in official and other work after changing their capitals to other place.
Ram Shah was Nagvanshi king in the 17th century. He succeed his brother Durjan Shah and ruled from 1640 to 1663 CE. Earlier their capital was at Khukhragarh, but later they shifted to Navratangarh. He was brother of king Durjan Shah.
Dripnath Shah was a Nagvanshi king in the 18th century. His capital was at Palkot. He succeeded Maninath Shah and ruled from 1762 to 1790 CE. He became a vassal of the East India Company in 1771. He submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to Governor general of India in 1787.
Baghdeo Singh was founder of Ramgarh Raj in North Chotanagpur. He was king of Khayaragarh. He was made Fauzdar of Karra under the Nagvanshi. He suppressed rebellion in Tamar for Nagvanshi ruler. Nagvanshi send him to extract taxes from Karpurdeo the king of Karnpura. Baghdeo killed Karpurdeo and he declared himself as the King of that region.
Sahani Upendra Pal Singh was an Indian writer. He was one of the prominent writers in the Nagpuri-language in the modern period. He translated "Ram Charit Manas" in Nagpuri. He wrote around 20 books in nagpuri. He was awarded "Jharkhand Ratna", "Praful Samman", "Seva Ratna" and "BCCL Koyal Bharti Rajbhasha award".
Gajghat Rai was Nagvanshi king in 9th century. He succeeded Gajdant Rai.
Mukund Singh was king of Ramgarh in the 18th century. He succeeded Bishan Singh. He ruled from 1763 to 1772 CE. He had made alliance with Maratha against East India Company. He defeated forces of claimant king of Ramgarh, Tej Singh Thakurai, Nagvanshis and Palamu. But In 1772, he accepted suzerainty of the East India Company as he didn't get support of Maratha in battle against East India Company. Then he disposabed from throne and Tej Singh Thakurai became new king of Ramgarh.
Nagpuri culture refers to the culture of the Nagpuria people, the native speakers of the Nagpuri language, which includes literature, festivals, folk song and dance. It is also referred to as the culture related to the Nagpuri language.
Mahavir Nayak, is a nagpuri singer and songwriter. He is an exponent of Theth Nagpuri music, which is a genre of typical Nagpuri music, based on traditional Nagpuri folk music. He is the recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Award (2022), Lok Kala Ratna Award (2014) and Praful Samman (2019) for his contribution in folk music.