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Luxembourg has a rich history of narrow-gauge railways. A few industrial and mining railways survive.
Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital, Luxembourg City, is one of the three official capitals of the European Union and the seat of the European Court of Justice, the highest judicial authority in the EU. Its culture, people, and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours, making it essentially a mixture of French and German cultures, as evident by the nation's three official languages: French, German, and the national language, Luxembourgish. The repeated invasions by Germany, especially in World War II, resulted in the country's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and, among other things, led to the foundation of the European Union.
The name Jhangeli was commonly used for the metre-gauge network in Luxembourg. The lines were operated by different companies. Some lines were financed by the state of Luxembourg by means of granting exploration rights of iron ore to the railway companies. In the case of the Luxembourg–Remich line, for example, 3.3 ha of iron ore fields was granted per km built.
Exploration is the act of searching for the purpose of discovery of information or resources. Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans. In human history, its most dramatic rise was during the Age of Discovery when European explorers sailed and charted much of the rest of the world for a variety of reasons. Since then, major explorations after the Age of Discovery have occurred for reasons mostly aimed at information discovery.
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the form of magnetite (Fe
3O
4, 72.4% Fe), hematite (Fe
2O
3, 69.9% Fe), goethite (FeO(OH), 62.9% Fe), limonite (FeO(OH)·n(H2O), 55% Fe) or siderite (FeCO3, 48.2% Fe).
The hectare is an SI accepted metric system unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides, or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is about 0.405 hectare and one hectare contains about 2.47 acres.
Luxemburger Sekundärbahnen (LSB) / Chemins de fer Secondaires Luxembourgeois (CSL), 1880–1934
Remich is a commune with town status in south-eastern Luxembourg with a population of 3,645 inhabitants as of 2018. It is the capital of the canton of Remich. Remich lies on the left bank of the Moselle river, which forms part of the border between Luxembourg and Germany. The commune is the smallest in Luxembourg by surface area.
Cruchten is a small village in the commune of Nommern, in central Luxembourg. As of 2005, the village has a population of 389.
Larochette is a commune and town in central Luxembourg, in the canton of Mersch. It is situated on the White Ernz river. The town is dominated by the partly ruined Larochette Castle.
Kantonalbahngesellschaft / Chemins de Fer Cantonaux (CC), 1880–1923
Diekirch is a commune with town status in north-eastern Luxembourg, capital city of the canton Diekirch and, until its abolition in 2015, the district of Diekirch. The town is situated on the banks of the Sauer river.
Vianden is a commune with town status in the Oesling, north-eastern Luxembourg, with over 1,800 inhabitants. It is the capital of the canton of Vianden, which is part of the district of Diekirch. Vianden lies on the Our river, near the border between Luxembourg and Germany.
Noerdange is a small town in the commune of Beckerich, in western Luxembourg. As of 2005, the town has a population of 441.
Vizinalbahnen / Chemins de Fer Vicinaux (CV), 1899–1934
Bettembourg is a commune and town in southern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette, which is part of the district of Luxembourg.
Aspelt is a small town in the commune of Frisange, in southern Luxembourg. In 2005, its population was 970.
Echternach is a commune with town status in the canton of Echternach, which is part of the district of Grevenmacher, in eastern Luxembourg. Echternach lies near the border with Germany, and is the oldest town in Luxembourg.
Prinz Heinrich Eisenbahn / Chemins de fer Prince Henri (PH) 1868–1877 – 1940–1948
Numerous industrial railways were constructed at Differdange, Dudelange, Esch-sur-Alzette, Petange, Rumelange, Wasserbillig and others. [1]
Differdange is a commune with town status in south-western Luxembourg, 17 miles (27 km) west from the country's capital. It lies near the borders with Belgium and France and it is located in the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette. With a population of around 26,000, Differdange is the country's third largest city. It is also the main town of the commune, and other towns within the commune include Lasauvage, Niederkorn, and Oberkorn.
Dudelange is a commune with town status in southern Luxembourg. It is the fourth-most populous commune, with 19,734 inhabitants. Dudelange is situated close to the border with France.
Esch-sur-Alzette is a commune with town status in south-western Luxembourg. It is the country's second "city", and its second-most populous commune, with a population of 35,040 inhabitants, as of 2018. It lies in the south-west of the country, on the border with France and in the valley of the Alzette, which flows through the town. The town is usually referred to as just Esch; however, the full name distinguishes it from the village and commune of Esch-sur-Sûre which lies 45 kilometres further north. The country's capital, Luxembourg City, is roughly 15 km (9.3 mi) to the north-east.
Hundreds of kilometers of mining railways were created, above and underground, for companies like ARBED (now ArcelorMittal), predominantly at the gauge of 700 mm (2 ft 3 9⁄16 in), also electrified. [2]
Several dozens [3] of Decauville railways served local communities, forests and, for example, the Saint-Maurice and Saint Maur Abbey near Clervaux. [4]
The Chemin de fer Arnaud , now Chemin de fer Arnaud Quebec is a private Canadian short line railway owned by Société ferroviaire et portuaire de Pointe-Noire (SFPPN) operating in the province of Quebec.
The Wabush Lake Railway is a short line railway operating in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Minimum-gauge railways have a gauge of most commonly 15 in, 400 mm, 16 in, 18 in, 500 mm or 20 in. The notion of minimum-gauge railways was originally developed by estate railways and the French company of Decauville for industrial railways, mining, and farming applications.
The Chemins de Fer du Calvados was a 600 mm narrow gauge railway in the département of Calvados.
Clervaux railway station is a railway station serving Clervaux, in northern Luxembourg. It is operated by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, the state-owned railway company.
Aïn Taya is a suburb of Algiers, Algeria. It is located in the administrative constituency of Dar El Beïda in the Governorate of Greater Algiers. Its postal code is 16019 and its municipal code is 1638. Prior to its being part of the Governorate of Greater Algiers, it was part of Boumerdès Province with postal code 35310. Its current president of the People's Municipal Assembly (mayor) is Mr. Abdelkader Rakkas (2017-2022). Aïn Taya has a budget of 46 million DZD.
The Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ), the railways of the Jura canton in north-western Switzerland, came about as the result of an amalgamation, in 1944, of four independent companies connecting Porrentruy to Bonfol, Saignelégier to La Chaux-de-Fonds, Glovelier to Saignelégier and Tavannes to Tramelan and Le Noirmont. The lines extend for a total of 84.8 km of which just over 73 km is metre gauge, the remaining 11 km, the first named, between Porrentruy and Bonfol, being standard gauge. Nowadays the CJ also operates local bus services throughout the area.
The Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Tunisiens, abbreviated SNCFT, is the national railway of Tunisia and under the direction of the Ministry of Transport. SNCFT was founded on December 27, 1956 as separation from Société Tunisienne des Transports Publics (STTP). Headquartered in Tunis the company employs about 6000 people. SNCFT provides both passenger and freight services at a national level.
Corpet-Louvet was a steam locomotive manufacturer based in Paris, France.
The Chemin de Fer du Cambrésis was a 120-kilometre (75 mi) long metre gauge railway in the Nord and Aisne departments of France. There were four lines with Caudry at the centre.
The Tramway de Pithiviers à Toury (TPT) was a 600 mm narrow gauge railway in the Loiret department of France. The system had a total extent of 80 kilometres (50 mi)
Rail transport in Morocco was initially developed in the colonial era. It functioned primarily as a means to mobilize colonial troops and to transport natural resources. Later, a standard-gauge network was built.
Guinea has 1,086 km of railways. This includes 279 km at 1,435 mm gauge and 807 km at 1,000 mm gauge. The latter includes 662 km in common carrier service from Kankan to Conakry.
The Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie, founded on 4 October 1888, was a railway company that operated in the Ottoman Empire. The company was headquartered in Istanbul.
There are currently no functioning railways in Haiti and has never had any rail connections with the neighbouring Dominican Republic. However, between 1876 and about the 1970s, Haiti had various tramways and railways. A tram network operated in the capital, Port-au-Prince, between 1897 and 1932. Two railway lines, Port-au-Prince – Léogâne and Port-au-Prince – Manneville, along with some industrial lines, constituted the Haitian national rail network.
The history of rail transport in Luxembourg began in 1846 and continues to the present day.
The French National Railways used to run a considerable number of 1,000 mmmetre gauge lines, a few of which still operate mostly in tourist areas, such as the St Gervais-Vallorcine (Alps) and the "Train jaune" in the Pyrenees. The original French scheme was that every sous-prefecture should be rail connected. Extensive 600 mm gauge lines were also built for the sugar-beet industry in the north often using ex-military equipment after the First World War. Decauville was a famous French manufacturer of industrial narrow-gauge railway equipment and equipped one of the most extensive regional 600 mm narrow-gauge railway, the Chemins de Fer du Calvados. Corsica has a narrow-gauge network of two lines following the coast line, that are connected by one line crossing the island through highly mountainous terrain. The petit train d'Artouste, a tourist line in the Pyrenees, uses 500 mm gauge.
French Morocco had from 1912 to 1935 one of the largest 600 mm gauge network in Africa with a total length of more than 1700 kilometres. After the treaty of Algeciras where the representatives of Great Powers agreed not to build any 1,435 mm standard-gauge railway in Morocco until the standard-gauge Tangier–Fes railway being completed, the French begun to build military 600 mm gauge lines in their part of Morocco French Morocco.
The Compagnie des chemins de fer Bône-Guelma built and operated railway lines in Algeria and Tunisia between 1875 and 1923 during the French colonial period. In 1923 it became the Compagnie fermière des chemins de fer tunisiens.
The Société du Djebel-Djérissa (SDD) is a Tunisian iron ore mining company founded in 1899 that began operations in 1907. It produced up to 700,000 tons per year of hematite ore in the years before World War II. Production dropped during the war. The company was nationalized in 1961. Today levels of output are around 200,000 tons annually.