Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark

Last updated

Denmark made extensive use of narrow-gauge railways using a wide variety of gauges. [1] [2]

Contents

Industrial railways

Denmark had many industrial and agricultural narrow-gauge railways. [3] [4] [5]

Tracks that display equipment from roe- and industrial tracks (brickworks, peatworks), and where conversion has often taken place for passenger transport.

1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in)

900 mm (2 ft 11+716 in)

Iceland, Kingdom of Denmark, The Danish Commonwealth 1380-1944

Locomotive Minor of the Reykjavik Harbour Railway RHR-Minor.JPG
Locomotive Minør of the Reykjavík Harbour Railway
Locomotive Pioner of the Reykjavik Harbour Railway RHR-Pioner.JPG
Locomotive Pioner of the Reykjavík Harbour Railway

The railway was operated by two steam locomotives built by the Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik of Germany cs .

  • Reykjavík Harbour Railway 900 mm (2 ft 11+716 in).
  • Oil drums from the new quay at Örfisey (where Reykjavík's oil terminal still stands today) into the city centre;
  • Meat for export from the Sláturfélag Suðurlands meat processing plant at Skúlagata to the harbour;
  • Timber and aggregate for building construction in the city centre; and
  • Coal from the harbour to local distributors.

The railway was again used for other purposes in 1926 during the construction of Landspítali when cement and aggregate was transported from the harbour and one of the quarries. Mainline railways in the 1900s, First proposals: The first official proposals for railways in Iceland were made in 1906. The route would have run from Reykjavík to Selfoss via Þingvallavatn. That route would allow extensions to Akranes/Borgarfjörður, Rangarvöllur. Surveys were made in the summer at the instigation of the Prime Minister, Hannes Hafstein. Over the next few years, engineer Jón Þorláksson conducted more surveys in regard to snowfall, and developed cost estimates, including a comparison between the cost of oil- and coal-powered systems. [15] Proposals in the 1920s: In 1921, Alþingi decided to look at the possibility of railways again. Subsequently, in 1922–1923, a Danish engineer made surveys of a route from Reykjavík to Selfoss via Þrengsli. It was the shortest and cheapest solution. The route was envisioned to carry both passengers and freight, which would have been cheaper than existing methods of transportation. In 1927, the city development plan of Reykjavík included a railway terminus with multiple platforms, just outside the Reykjavík city centre in Norðurmýri. Automobile traffic was rising and there was a need for better roads. Comparisons were made between a road and rail system in Iceland, and it was eventually determined that roads would take priority. In 1931, plans for railways in Iceland were abandoned. [15]

785 mm (2 ft 6+2932 in)

750 mm (2 ft 5+12 in)

700 mm (2 ft 3+916 in)

The raw materials were often transported on narrow-gauge railways, so-called beet railways, from the field to the factory. [19] [20] In order to shorten the transport route, some of the sugar factories had associated so-called juice stations, i.e. processing plants that were closer to the cultivated fields. Here, the beet sap was pressed out and then taken in pipelines to the factories. The sugar factories in Stege and Nakskov thus at one time each had five juice stations attached, Assens Sugar Factory had four, and Maribo Sugar Factory had a single juice station located in Stokkemarke. The first Danish beet sugar factory was Højbygaard Sugar Factory in Holeby on Lolland, which was founded in 1872. The factory's last beet campaign was in 1960, after which the buildings were converted into a paper factory. In 2007, the old sugar factory was named one of Denmark's 25 industrial monuments by the Cultural Heritage Agency. [21] Danish Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies sugar plantation and factory narrow railways. [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] There has also been state-supported sugar production based on sugar cane in the Danish West Indies, where the plantations were staffed by slaves. [34] Production today. In Denmark, there are currently approximately 750 farmers who are members of the Danish Sugar Beet Growers Association. They cultivate approximately 33,000 hectares of sugar beet, which results in a production of 2½ million tons of beet. From this, 400-450,000 tons of sugar can be produced annually. [35] The beets are delivered to the two remaining Danish factories, Nykøbing Falster Sukkerfabrik and Nakskov Sukkerfabrik, which each produce around 200,000 tons per year, [36] [37] Both factories are operated by Nordic Sugars, and were fired with 100 MW of heat from coal and oil, which emitted 160-180 thousand tons of CO2 per year. [38] [39] [40] Danisco owned them until 2009, when the sugar division was purchased by German Nordzucker, who named this newly acquired company Nordic Sugars. [41] [42] . Nordic Sugar. The factories' residual waste (pulp and mash) is used to a lesser extent in biogasplants. [43] [44]

During the First and Second World Wars, narrow-gauge peat tracks were laid out into the wild bog from Tylstrup station. The peats were reloaded at Tylstrup station onto the railway wagons and transported by rail from here to gas plants and electricity plants in Aalborg-Nørresundby. During both wars, the railway facilities had their starting point in Vildmosen and their end point on the east side of Tylstrup station, and both were led under the tracks of the state railway in the same place south of Tylstrup.
Portland Cement A/S acquired in the years 1907–29 10 Krauss steam locomotives, all 785mm gauge; and it must be assumed that some of these locomotives have been used here, although the gauge does not match. The track course was largely the same except that the 1917 version aimed north-west towards the north of Toften and the 1940 version more directly east towards the Damfennerne. There was considerable track construction in the bog; a large part of the collecting tracks were transportable tracks and were used as movable marl tracks after the end of the First War. At both facilities there was a track connection to the engine house in Toughton, where there were workshop, repair and depot facilities. A crossing station was built south of Gammel Vrå, where a permanent track guard changed tracks and set a signal so that inbound and outbound trains could pass each other here. In the summer of 1917 there were approx. 50 men employed on an area as large as 100 td.[ clarification needed ] country, and already at the end of July the first load of peat could be driven to a storage area west of the station in Tylstrup. In the autumn of 1917, DSB gave permission to make an underpass under the track in wood and the peat could now be driven directly to the loading track. After the track to the loading road was established, it was possible to load directly into railway wagons, which made the work more efficient, but since there were 12 mill.[ clarification needed ] peat in the bog and there was great demand and therefore a bypass track for the peat track and a 60 m long loading ramp, 2 m wide and 1 m high were quickly made. The tipping wagons could now tip peat directly into railway wagons, which increased capacity significantly. From the opening of the line in 1917 to the end of May 1920, up to 1,000 railway wagons were loaded, but in 1920 coal prices had fallen so much that the peat digging was no longer economical, and it stopped.
Immediately after the peat track was led to the ramp, the transports picked up speed, and it was not long before the ramp had to be expanded to 2 tip tracks and a loading track on its other side had to be constructed. The loading capacity was thereby doubled and in the period from 1 August 1940 to 31 December 1941, 4338 railway wagons were loaded with peat at the station and Peat unloading at Tylstrup station during the Second World War.[ clarification needed ] Apparently the peats were unloaded next to the DSB wagons and from there loaded into the goods wagons. Despite the large number of loaded wagons, the marshalling was done with the help of horses. The track's traction and stock were small steam locomotives with prairie chimneys with spark arrestors. In 1948 it was over: in 1949-50, the tracks were taken up and the facilities looped.[ clarification needed ] The viaduct under the track was still there until new tracks were added on the Vensysselbanen around 2010. During this renovation, the bridge was removed. Tylstrup station has been demolished, together with the sidings there, and along the east side of the track there is a long strip of peace[ clarification needed ] forest where the track was, and there is no trace of where the track may have gone into the bog. MR[ clarification needed ] trains run[ ran? ] over the bridge here in 2005. In connection with the track renewal on the section in 2012, the underpass is filled up[ clarification needed ] and can no longer be seen in the landscape.

682 mm (2+2732 in)

600 mm (1 ft 11+58 in)

[48] [49]

Greenland, Kingdom of Denmark and The Danish Commonwealth

  • The Qoornoq X-press in the village of Qoornoq in the Nuuk fjord was used for transporting fish from the harbour to scaffolds for drying. The railway cars were only. flatbed wagon cars with no locomotives to move them. Hand-worked flatbed wagon cars were used. Built in 1955, the railway was abandoned shortly before the village, around 1971. 600 mm (1 ft 11+58 in). [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56]

Iceland, Kingdom of Denmark, The Danish Commonwealth 1380-1944

  • Korpúlfsstaðir farm railway, Korpúlfsstaðir was one of the first industrial farms in Iceland. Built in 1930 by Icelandic industrialist Thor Jensen, it was located on the outskirts of Reykjavík, on the Þingvellir road. The farm was equipped with a 600 mm (1 ft 11+58 in) narrow-gauge railway network, allowing the transportation of goods and materials around the farm site. The rolling stock consisted chiefly of four-wheel skip wagons. There were no operational locomotives during either documented visit to the railway (in 1984 and 1993), [57] and trains were shunted by hand, by the farm's staff. It is not known whether the railway was originally equipped with locomotives. Korpúlfsstaðir Farm has now closed and the site has been developed as a golf course and an elementary school, incorporating most of the original farm buildings. There is no surviving part of this railway network.

500 mm (19+34 in)

M23 from Rordal cement factory HVB Parade - M23.jpg
M23 from Rørdal cement factory
E27 from Rordal cement factory HVB 40 years - E27.jpg
E27 from Rørdal cement factory

400 mm (15+34 in) and 310 mm (1+1364 in)

Sakskobing Sugar Factory train. O&K lokomotiv Ndeg B2 11420. O&K locomotive Ndeg 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskobing Sukkerfabrik Ndeg B2, preserved at Blovstrodbanen, Hillerod, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17. O&K locomotive Ndeg 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskobing Sukkerfabrik Ndeg B2, preserved at Blovstrodbanen, Hillerod, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17 (d).jpg
Sakskøbing Sugar Factory train. O&K lokomotiv N° B2 11420. O&K locomotive N° 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskøbing Sukkerfabrik N° B2, preserved at Blovstrødbanen, Hilleröd, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17.
O&K locomotive Ndeg 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskobing Sukkerfabrik Ndeg B2, preserved at Blovstrodbanen, Hillerod, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17. O&K locomotive Ndeg 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskobing Sukkerfabrik Ndeg B2, preserved at Blovstrodbanen, Hillerod, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17 (a).jpg
O&K locomotive N° 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskøbing Sukkerfabrik N° B2, preserved at Blovstrødbanen, Hilleröd, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17.
O&K locomotive Ndeg 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskobing Sukkerfabrik Ndeg B2, preserved at Blovstrodbanen, Hillerod, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17. O&K locomotive Ndeg 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskobing Sukkerfabrik Ndeg B2, preserved at Blovstrodbanen, Hillerod, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17 (b).jpg
O&K locomotive N° 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskøbing Sukkerfabrik N° B2, preserved at Blovstrødbanen, Hilleröd, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17.
O&K locomotive Ndeg 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskobing Sukkerfabrik Ndeg B2, preserved at Blovstrodbanen, Hillerod, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17. O&K locomotive Ndeg 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskobing Sukkerfabrik Ndeg B2, preserved at Blovstrodbanen, Hillerod, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17 (c).jpg
O&K locomotive N° 11420 made in July 1927, 90 hp, 700 mm gauge, C1t, Sakskøbing Sukkerfabrik N° B2, preserved at Blovstrødbanen, Hilleröd, Denmark ex Dansk Jernbane-Klub, Maribo CRJ 111-17.

Faxe Jernbane, gauge unclear

The Faxe Jernbane, 6.5 km (4.0 mi) long, was built in 1864 for the transportation of limestone. There is confusion about the track gauge used as various sources mention a track gauge of 791 mm (2 ft 7+532 in), but some Krauss steam locomotives delivered in 1927 had the gauge of 785 mm (2 ft 6+2932 in). Two Schöma locomotives delivered in 1970 had the gauge of 791 mm and standard gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in). The railway is now closed.

Freight train, Fakse (Faxe) Faxe-jernbane-arbeitszug-zwischen-fakse-797583.jpg
Freight train, Fakse (Faxe)
Narrow gauge railway-791mm-between Faxe-jernbane-schmalspurbahn-791mm-zwischen-791414.jpg
Narrow gauge railway-791mm-between
FJ V at Hedehusgard Station, FJ V steam locomotive from Faxe Railway at Hedeland Railway FJ V at Hedehusgard Station 03.jpg
FJ V at Hedehusgård Station, FJ V steam locomotive from Faxe Railway at Hedeland Railway

US Virgin Islands, Danish Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies

Workers in Danish West Indies with sugar canes. Workers in Danish West Indies with sugar canes.jpg
Workers in Danish West Indies with sugar canes.
Sugar Factory, Estate 'Bethlehem', St. Croix. D.W.I. and two narrow gauge trains of the sugar factory. Sugar Factory, Estate 'Bethlehem', St. Croix. D.W.I.jpg
Sugar Factory, Estate 'Bethlehem', St. Croix. D.W.I. and two narrow gauge trains of the sugar factory.
Sugar works at St. Croix. Sugar works at St. Croix. (9471640030).jpg
Sugar works at St. Croix.
Plantasien Castle paa St. Croix. August 1833. Plantasien Castle paa St. Croix. August 1833.jpg
Plantasien Castle paa St. Croix. August 1833.
Hogensborg, Plantation, St. Croix, Danish West Indies. Hogensborg, Plantation, St. Croix, Danish West Indies.jpg
Høgensborg, Plantation, St. Croix, Danish West Indies.
Danish West India - Fritz Melbye. Danish West India - Fritz Melbye.jpg
Danish West India - Fritz Melbye.
Estate Clifton Hill, Sugar Factory and Rum Distillery, South Central Street, Christiansted, St. Croix. ESTATE CLIFTON; WINDMILL LOOKING SOUTH - Estate Clifton Hill, Sugar Factory and Rum Distillery, South Central Street, Christiansted, St. Croix, VI HAER VI,1-KING,2-A-10.tif
Estate Clifton Hill, Sugar Factory and Rum Distillery, South Central Street, Christiansted, St. Croix.
Double distilled bay rum front, the sugar production. Double distilled bay rum front.jpg
Double distilled bay rum front, the sugar production.
Double distilled bay rum back, the sugar production. Double distilled bay rum back.jpg
Double distilled bay rum back, the sugar production.
Sugar cane knife, 1800s, Danish West Indies. Sugar cane knife, 1800s, Danish West Indies.jpg
Sugar cane knife, 1800s, Danish West Indies.

Southern Jutland, Northern Schleswig

Active industrial railways

The Faroe Islands, Kingdom of Denmark, The Danish Commonwealth

Amusement park railways

Preserved

Preserved narrow gauge railways

Danish railway clubs , Danish museum and preserved railways and Denmark Railway Museum. DK 2012 Heritage railways.jpg
Danish railway clubs , Danish museum and preserved railways and Denmark Railway Museum.

785 mm (2 ft 6+2932 in) and 791 mm (2 ft 7+532 in)

765 mm (2 ft 6+18 in)

700 mm (2 ft 3+916 in)

RVT 1 at Blovstrod Station 700 mm (
2 ft 3+9/16 in) Blovstrod Station 05.jpg
RVT 1 at Blovstrød Station 700 mm (2 ft 3+916 in)
MS15 at Blovstrod Station 700 mm (
2 ft 3+9/16 in) Blovstrod Station 06.jpg
MS15 at Blovstrød Station 700 mm (2 ft 3+916 in)
The Peat-train at Lille Vildmose 700 mm (
2 ft 3+9/16 in) Lille Vildmose (Torvetoget).jpg
The Peat-train at Lille Vildmose 700 mm (2 ft 3+916 in)
Stenvad Mosebrugscenter 600 mm (
1 ft 11+5/8 in) StenvadMosebrugscenterBanegard.jpg
Stenvad Mosebrugscenter 600 mm (1 ft 11+58 in)
Hanstholm Bunker museum 600 mm (
1 ft 11+5/8 in) Hanstholm Bunker museum (14675295040).jpg
Hanstholm Bunker museum 600 mm (1 ft 11+58 in)

600 mm (1 ft 11+58 in)

550 mm (21+2132 in)

Private railways

1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in)

800 mm (2 ft 7+12 in)

785 mm (2 ft 6+2932 in)

700 mm (2 ft 3+916 in)

650 mm (2+11932in)

600 mm (1 ft 11+58 in)

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A visitor's guide to Scandinavian (Nordic) narrow-gauge railways