ArcelorMittal

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ArcelorMittal S.A.
Company type Société Anonyme
Euronext Amsterdam:  MT
NYSE:  MT
CAC 40 component
AEX component
ISIN LU1598757687
Industry Steel
Predecessors Arcelor
Mittal Steel Company
Founded2006;18 years ago (2006)
Headquarters24-26, Boulevard d’Avranches, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Aditya Mittal
( CEO )
Lakshmi Mittal
( executive chairperson ) [1]
ProductsSteel, flat steel products, long steel products, wire products, plates
RevenueDecrease2.svg US$68.275 billion (2023) [2]
Decrease2.svgUS$2.340 billion (2023) [2]
Decrease2.svgUS$919 million (2023) [2]
Total assets Decrease2.svgUS$93.917 billion (2023) [2]
Total equity Decrease2.svgUS$56.068 billion (2023) [2]
Owner Lakshmi Mittal (37.4%) [3]
Number of employees
Increase2.svg 154,000 (2022) [4]
Subsidiaries Disteel, Dillinger Hütte, Dofasco, Aperam South America, Creusot-Loire, ARBED, ALZ (steelworks), Arcelor
Website corporate.arcelormittal.com

ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourg-based multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City. It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel. [3] ArcelorMittal is the second largest steel producer in the world, with an annual crude steel production of 78 million metric tonnes as of 2022. [5] It is ranked 197th in the 2022 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's largest corporations. It employs around 154,000 people [6] and its market capital is $20 billion. [7] The total value of company assets is estimated to be around $94 billion.

Contents

History

ArcelorMittal was formed from the acquisition of Arcelor by Mittal Steel; Mittal Steel was in turn formed from the merger of ISPAT International and LNM Holdings. [8] The company traces its history back to 1976. [9]

2006–2008: Formation and scalebacks

ArcelorMittal was created by the takeover of Western European steel maker Arcelor (Spain, France, and Luxembourg) by Indian-owned multinational steel maker Mittal Steel in 2006, at a cost of €40.37 per share, approximately $33 billion total. Mittal Steel launched a hostile takeover bid, which replaced a previously planned merger between Arcelor and Severstal that had lacked sufficient shareholder approval. [10]

The resulting merged business was named ArcelorMittal and was headquartered in Luxembourg City. [11] [12] The resulting firm produced approximately 10% of the world's steel, and was by far the world's largest steel company. Total revenues in 2007 were $105 billion. [13] [14]

By February 2008, the company had 320,000 employees in 60 countries. [14] In October 2008, the market capitalisation of ArcelorMittal was over $30 billion, [15] after peaking at $32.5 billion in September 2008. [3] At the end of 2008, the company reported operating income of around $12 billion. [16]

In December 2008, ArcelorMittal announced several plant sales, to which it had been ordered by U.S. antitrust authorities as a condition of approval of Mittal Steel’s takeover of Arcelor SA, [17] including the Bethlehem Steel plant in Lackawanna, New York, to the Russian company Severstal. [18] Other plants were closed by the company due to economic reasons, including LTV Steel in Hennepin, Illinois. [19] After purchase of Kryvorizhstal, Ukraine's largest steel producer, employment was scaled back from 57,000 employees to 30,000.[ citation needed ]

2011–2014: Losses and Senegal agreement

In 2010, the company's operating income had fallen to $4.9 billion, with sales down 10 per cent from the year earlier, and income down 50 per cent as steel prices slumped. [16] In 2011, the company began curtailing its European production to match the reduced demand for steel. [16] It also sold Skyline Steel and Astralloy to a rival, Nucor, for $605 million. [16] On 26 January 2011, the stainless steel division split off as a new company, Aperam.[ citation needed ]As of 2012, due to overcapacity and reduced demand in Europe, it had idled 9 of 25 blast furnaces; [16] in October 2012 it permanently shut down two blast furnaces at Florange, France. [20] On 31 October 2012, the company reported a third-quarter loss of $709 million as compared to a $659 million profit for the same period a year ago, citing the slow down in China's economy. [21] In 2012 ArcelorMittal had $22 billion of debt. [16]

In January 2013, ArcelorMittal bid $1.5 billion to acquire ThyssenKrupp AG's rolling mill in Calvert, Alabama, United States. [22] On 26 February 2014, ThyssenKrupp sold their Calvert carbon steel facility to ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel for $1.55 billion, [23] as a new joint venture. [24] The facility was renamed AM/NS Calvert through the 50/50 joint partnership with Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp. [25] The firm also entered into a $2.2 billion contract to develop an iron ore deposit in Senegal. This included construction of a 750 km (466 mi) railway line. After it stalled on the contract and failed to build according to schedule, the Government of Senegal sued. [26] In September 2013, the government of Senegal won a court case before an international tribunal to rescind a $2.2 billion deal with ArcelorMittal after the company suspended work on an iron ore mine in the country. [27] In June 2014, the International Chamber of Commerce's arbitration court in Paris awarded Senegal $150 million. [26]

Dealing with price and demand fluctuations in the steel market, from 2012 to 2014 ArcelorMittal restructured its European division by reducing employee numbers and closing plants. [28] In May 2014, ArcelorMittal, citing economic self-interest, declared its opposition to sanctions on Russia. [29] As of June 2014, ArcelorMittal accounted for 7 per cent of world steel production. After being shut out of the Chinese steel industry in 2005, along with other foreign companies, in 2014 the company announced it was planning new plants in China. [30] In 2014, the company had an annual crude steel production of 98.1 million tons. [5]

2008–2016: Price fixing convictions

Following an investigation first launched in 2008, in August 2016 the Competition Commission (South Africa) found the company guilty of price fixing. ArcelorMittal was fined US$110.9 million and, as part of the settlement, also agreed to invest R4.64 billion in capital over five years. [31] According to the findings, the firm had been part of a 17-member-steel group nicknamed "Club Zürich", that later became known as "Club Europe". Between January 1984 and September 2002, the companies fixed the market, prices, and exchanged confidential corporate information. [32]

2015–2016: Recent acquisitions

In 2015, the company had a net loss of $7.9 billion. [33] Between February 2015 and February 2016, share value dropped 60%, making the company the "worst performer" in the FTSEurofirst300 index. The CEO said the company had performed poorly in 2015 due to "Chinese exports depressing prices". [3] Early in 2016, [33] the company announced it had raised $3 billion in new investment capital to help reduce debt [34] to $11.7 billion of debt. [33] In early 2016 [33] the company also announced a program to boost core profit by $3 billion by 2020 "through a mixture of cost-cutting, increased production and a focus on higher-value forms of steel". Chairman Lakshmi Mittal announced doubled earnings the following year in May 2017. [35] Along with the increase in capital, the company also sold its 35% stake in Gestamp Automacion for $979 million, with the goal of reducing ArcelorMittal's debt to less than $12 billion. [3] By February 2016, the company made about 6% of the world's steel. [3] It ranked 108th in the 2016 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's biggest corporations. [7]

2017: Market changes

In February 2017 ArcelorMittal announced its first annual profits in five years. [36] In February 2017, ArcelorMittal and Votorantim announced plans to combine their long steel operations in Brazil. Under the deal, Votorantim Siderurgia became a subsidiary of ArcelorMittal Brasil. [36] In late May 2017, ArcelorMittal and the Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) agreed on preliminary terms to form a $913 million joint venture to export a fifth of the auto-grade steel made by the venture. [37] In March 2017, the company proposed a new US$6.5 billion steel project in Karnataka, after entering into a pact with the Karnataka government [38] in February 2017. [39] In April 2017, Sanjeev Gupta's Liberty House Group announced it had agreed to acquire ArcelorMittal's Georgetown Steelworks in South Carolina. [38] It is ranked 123 in the 2017 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's biggest corporations. [7]

By March 2017, ArcelorMittal was leading a consortium bidding for Ilva. [40] An Italian company, Ilva owns the Taranto steelworks in southern Italy, which has Europe's largest steel output. The steelworks had been accused of toxic emissions linked to local cancer rates, and had been nationalized by the government years prior. [41] The buyers were the AM Investco consortium, which beyond ArcelorMittal included Marcegaglia and Banca Intesa Sanpaolo. [41] In May 2017, ArcelorMittal was announced as the preferred bidder over a different consortium led by JSW Steel, after it was able to pledge a production increase and guarantee employment levels. The final decision was waiting on Italy's ministry of economic development. [42] On 5 June 2017, ArcelorMittal won approval to purchase Ilva for €1.8 billion. In its bid, AM Investco had pledged to make investments into Ilva of €2.4bn until 2023. [41] On 1 November 2018, ArcelorMittal assumed ownership of Ilva steel operations and ArcelorMittal Italia was formed. [43]

In July 2017 the company reported a 19.3 per cent year-on-year rise in its earnings for the year's second quarter. The amount was lower than predicted by analysts, with the company citing the volatility in market prices. [44] Also, in July 2017, the European Court of Justice ruled against ArcelorMittal in its lawsuit against how the EU allocates free carbon permits. [45]

2018: Black snow controversy

In January 2018, black snow fell in the city of Temirtau, Kazakhstan where an ArcelorMittal plant is located. Local citizens complained that the pollution was caused by an ArcelorMittal plant. A spokesperson for ArcelorMittal explained that the discoloration of the snow was caused by a lack of wind which would otherwise blow the pollution away. [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52]

2019: Notice to terminate to Ilva

On 4 November 2019, Arcelor Mittal (Am Investco Italy) sent to Ilva's Commissioners a notice to terminate the Ilva lease agreement, citing as reasons that the Italian Parliament had removed the legal protection necessary for the company to implement its environmental plan without the risk of criminal liability and that a recent decision by the criminal court of Taranto would effectively force Mittal to close blast furnace #2 by 13 December 2019. [53] A legal and media battle with the Italian state started immediately, as Ilva is not only the single primary steel mill Mittal operates in Italy but also the largest employer in Taranto. [54]

2020: Sale of U.S. Operations to Cleveland-Cliffs

On September 28, 2020, the company sold its US-Business to Cleveland-Cliffs for approximately $1.4 billion. [55]

Company structure

Lakshmi Mittal (owner of Mittal Steel) is the executive chairman. His family owns 40% of the shares and voting shares in the company. [56] After a $3 billion rights issue earlier in April 2016, the company by 21 April 2016 had a share value of 16,616 million euros, distributed in 3,065,710,869 shares. [57]

Predecessor companies

Acquired by Mittal Steel Company:

Acquired by Arcelor:

Board of directors

Comprised as follows by nine people as of June 2017: [62]

Employees

As of 2012, the company had thousands of workers at 12 major facilities in the United States, in states such as Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania. All non-salary employees in North America, with the exception of the Dofasco facility in Hamilton, Ontario, are represented by the United Steelworkers union, the largest industrial union in North America. Also, at the time around 100,000 of the company's 260,000 employees were in Europe. [16] As of 31 December 2013, the company employed over 232,000 people, of which 37% were in the EU, with a further 16% in non-EU European countries, 17% in Asia, 16% in North America, the remainder split between South America and the Middle East and Africa. [63] ArcelorMittal is also Luxembourg's largest private employer. At the beginning of 2014, it employed 4,600 employees in the Grand Duchy. [64] By 2020 the company had over 18,000 employees in North and South America. [65]

Facilities

Headquarters and offices

The head office of ArcelorMittal is in Luxembourg City. The building was the head office of Arbed before that company merged with Aceralia and Usinor. [66]

Major plant locations

ArcelorMittal Ostrava ArcelorMittal Ostrava, pohled z Nove radnice, srpen 2011.jpg
ArcelorMittal Ostrava

Operated by ArcelorMittal:

Joint ventures:

Carbon footprint

ArcelorMittal reported Total CO2e emissions (direct + indirect) for 31 December 2020 at 150.8 Tg (teragram) (-31,100 /-17.1% y-o-y). [72] The decline accelerated compared to the CAGR of -7.2% since 4Q'18.

ArcelorMittal's Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) (in kilotonnes)
Dec 2017Dec 2018Dec 2019Dec 2020
194,800 [73] 188,800 [74] 181,900 [75] 150,800 [72]

Products and activities

Steel being coiled at an ArcelorMittal facility in Brazil Peb0037.jpg
Steel being coiled at an ArcelorMittal facility in Brazil

The company is involved in research and development, mining, and steel. [76] ArcelorMittal in 2016 produced around 90 million tons of steel. [36] As of May 2017, the company made 200 unique steel grades for automotive purposes, half of which were introduced since 2007. [77] Among the steel varieties are Usibor 2000, which the company announced in June 2016 and released later that year. Upon release, the high-strength automotive steel was said to be about one-third stronger than other steels then available for carmaking. [34]

See also

Related Research Articles

Arcelor S.A. was the world's largest steel producer in terms of turnover and the second largest in terms of steel output, with a turnover of €30.2 billion and shipments of 45 million metric tons of steel in 2004. The company was created in 2002 by a merger of the former companies Aceralia (Spain), Usinor (France) and Arbed (Luxembourg). Arcelor is now part of ArcelorMittal after a takeover by Mittal Steel in 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dofasco</span> Canadian steel company and subsidiary of ArcelorMittal

ArcelorMittal Dofasco is a steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Dofasco is a standalone subsidiary of ArcelorMittal, the world's largest integrated steel producer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lakshmi Mittal</span> Indian steel magnate

Lakshmi Niwas Mittal is an Indian steel magnate, based in the United Kingdom. He is the executive chairman of ArcelorMittal, the world's second largest steelmaking company, as well as chairman of stainless steel manufacturer Aperam. Mittal owns 38% of ArcelorMittal and holds a 3% stake in EFL Championship side Queens Park Rangers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stelco</span> Canadian steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario

Stelco Holdings Inc. is a Canadian steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario. Stelco was founded in 1910 from the amalgamation of several smaller firms. It continued on for almost 100 years, until it filed for bankruptcy in 2007 and was bought by U.S. Steel. In 2016, the company was sold to Bedrock Industries of the United States, which took the company public. The company made its debut on the Toronto Stock Exchange on Nov. 3, 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ThyssenKrupp</span> German multinational conglomerate steel corporation

ThyssenKrupp AG is a German industrial engineering and steel production multinational conglomerate. It resulted from the 1999 merger of Thyssen AG and Krupp and has its operational headquarters in Duisburg and Essen. The company claims to be one of the world's largest steel producers, and it was ranked tenth-largest worldwide by revenue in 2015. It is divided into 670 subsidiaries worldwide. The largest shareholders are the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation and Cevian Capital. ThyssenKrupp's products range from machines and industrial services to high-speed trains, elevators, and shipbuilding. The subsidiary ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems also manufactures frigates, corvettes, and submarines for the German and foreign navies.

Mittal Steel Company N.V. was an Indian company and one of the world's largest steel producers by volume and turnover. After a merger in 2005, it is now part of ArcelorMittal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baowu</span> Chinese iron and steel company

China Baowu Steel Group Corp., Ltd., commonly known as Baowu, is a state-owned iron and steel company headquartered in the Baosteel Tower in Pudong, Shanghai, China. The company was formed by Baosteel Group absorbing its smaller state-owned peer, Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation in 2016. It is the world's largest steel producer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation</span> Chinese state-owned steel making conglomerate

Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO) is a Chinese state-owned enterprise. It started to operate in 1958 in Qingshan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

The following lists events that happened during 2006 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. is a Cleveland, Ohio-based steelmaking company. They specialize in the mining, beneficiation, and pelletizing of iron ore, as well as steelmaking, including stamping and tooling. It is the largest flat-rolled steel producer in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thyssen AG</span> German steel producer

Thyssen was a major German steel producer founded by August Thyssen. The company merged with Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp to form ThyssenKrupp in 1999.

Heinrich Hiesinger is a German engineer and manager who served as the CEO of ThyssenKrupp from 2011 until 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Essar Group</span> Indian Multinational Conglomerate

Essar Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate company, founded by Shashi Ruia and Ravi Ruia in 1969. The company, known as Essar Global Fund Limited (EGFL), owns a variety of assets in the core sectors of energy, infrastructure & logistics, metals & mining, technology, and retail. EGFL holds a nearly 100% stake in all its investments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Alabama</span>

The state of Alabama has invested in aerospace, education, health care, banking, and various heavy industries, including automobile manufacturing, mineral extraction, steel production and fabrication. By 2006, crop and animal production in Alabama was valued at $1.5 billion. In contrast to the primarily agricultural economy of the previous century, this was only about 1% of the state's gross domestic product. The number of private farms has declined at a steady rate since the 1960s, as land has been sold to developers, timber companies, and large farming conglomerates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calvert, Alabama</span> Census-designated place in Alabama, United States

Calvert is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mobile and Washington counties, Alabama, United States. It is located in the extreme northeast corner of Mobile County and southeast corner of Washington County near the Tombigbee River, along U.S. Route 43. As of the 2020 census, the population of Calvert was 255.

Essar Steel was a common name of the steel manufacturing companies of the Essar Group of Companies. Its main subsidiary was Essar Steel India Limited, a fully integrated flat carbon steel manufacturer based in Mumbai, which owned and operated a steel mill in Hazira, Surat district of Gujarat state. In addition, it had also a beneficiation plant at Bailadilla, Chhattisgarh, and pellet plants at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and Paradeep, Odisha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nippon Steel</span> Japanese steelmaker

Nippon Steel Corporation is Japan's largest steelmaker, headquartered in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. The company has four business segments, including steelmaking, engineering, chemicals, and system solutions. It is the largest producer of crude steel in Japan and the third largest in the world. The original cooperation was established in 1970 by the merger of Fuji Iron & Steel and Yawata Iron & Steel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ArcelorMittal Bremen</span>

ArcelorMittal Bremen is a steelworks on the banks of the River Weser in Bremen, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilva (company)</span> Italian steel company

Ilva S.p.A. is an Italian steel company in Taranto that for much of the 20th century was Italy's largest steel producer and one of the largest in Europe. In June 2017, Arcelor Mittal became the chief shareholder. In 2020 the company returned to commissioners' management and ownership of the Italian state. On 23 April 2021, capital was infused by the government of Mario Draghi, which took a 38% share and 50% of the voting rights.

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