Nasruddin Khan

Last updated
Sayid Nasruddin Abdal Karim Khan Kokandi
Khan of Kokand
Kokand Khan and His Sons. Seid Mukhamed Nasretdin Beg (Oldest Son of the Kokand Khan) WDL10719 (cropped).png
Reign1875 — 1876
Predecessor Khudayar Khan
Born1850
Kokand
Died1893 (aged 4243)
Peshawar
Father Muhammad Khudayar Khan
Religion Sunni Islam

Nasruddin Khan, or Nasruddin Beg (Uzbek : Nasriddin Bek), was the last ruler of Khanate of Kokand, then a protectorate of the Russian empire.

Contents

Biography

He rose to power in July 1875 when his father Khudayar fled uprisings in the Ferghana Valley.
On 22 September 1875, the Russian Lieutenant General von Kaufmann forced Nasreddin Khan to sign a treaty in the city of Margilan, containing harsh conditions for the Khanate and a payment of 2 million rubles. The dissatisfied people of Kokand rebelled against this agreement, and on 9 October 1875, the rebels occupied the capital. Subsequently, Nasriddin Khan fled to Tashkent and was replaced by Pulat Khan, the leader of the rebellion.

As a reaction, a Russian army under command of Mikhail Skobelev attacked and defeated the rebels and ravaged large parts of the country, destroying Patia and the city of Andijan, causing many casualties. Pulat Khan took refuge in the Alai mountains, but was taken prisoner and was executed. The population of Kokand then sent a delegation to Khodjend, where Nasrudin was, asking for his return. Nasrudin returned to Kokand as new Khan, but the Russians had already decided to dissolve and annex the Khanate.

The Khanate of Kokand was abolished on 19 February 1876, and the region annexed to Ferghana Oblast. [1] [2]

The last Khan Nasrudin was finally able to go and live quietly, as he really wanted, in Orenburg, with a pension.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yakub Beg of Yettishar</span> Emir of Yettishar (1820–1877)

Muhammad Yakub Beg, later known as Yakub Padishah, was the Kokandi ruler of Yettishar (Kashgaria), a state he established during his invasion of Xinjiang from 1865 to 1877. He was recognized as Emir of Yettishar by the Ottoman Empire and held the title of "Champion Father of the Faithful".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basmachi movement</span> 1916–1934 Central Asian uprising against Russian/Soviet rule

The Basmachi movement was an uprising against Imperial Russian and Soviet rule in Central Asia by rebel groups inspired by Islamic beliefs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chagatai Khanate</span> 1226–1347 Turkicized Mongol khanate in Central Asia

The Chagatai Khanate, also known as the Chagatai Ulus, was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors. At its height in the late 13th century the khanate extended from the Amu Darya south of the Aral Sea to the Altai Mountains in the border of modern-day Mongolia and China, roughly corresponding to the area once ruled by the Qara Khitai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann</span> Russian military leader

Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann, was a military engineer and the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jahangir Khoja</span> East Turkestani noble (1788–1828)

Jahanghir Khoja, Jāhangīr Khwāja or Jihangir Khoja, was a member of the influential Afaqi khoja clan, who managed to wrest Kashgaria from the Qing Empire's power for a few years in the 1820s but was eventually defeated and executed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khanate of Kokand</span> 1709–1876 state in Central Asia

The Khanate of Kokand was a Central Asian polity in the Fergana Valley centred on the city of Kokand between 1709 and 1876. Its territory is today divided between Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khanate of Khiva</span> 1511–1920 state in Central Asia

The Khanate of Khiva was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarazm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid occupation by Nader Shah between 1740 and 1746. Centred in the irrigated plains of the lower Amu Darya, south of the Aral Sea, with the capital in the city of Khiva. It covered present-day western Uzbekistan, southwestern Kazakhstan and much of Turkmenistan before the Russian conquest at the second half of the 19th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Akhsi</span> Part of Timurid Civil Wars

In the early 16th century, Sultan Mahmud Khan, the Chagatai Khan of Western Moghulistan, and Sultan Ahmad Alaq Khan, the Chagatai Khan of Eastern Moghulistan, decided to counter the growing power of the Uzbeks under Muhammad Shaybani. Sultan Ahmed Tambol had rebelled against his Timurid master Babur and declared his independence. But when Babur tried to reconquer his territory with the help of his uncles, Ahmed Tambol sought the assistance of the Uzbeks. The two Moghul brothers united their forces and launched a campaign against Tambol, but Muhammad Shaybani surprised the Khans and proved victorious in battle of Akhsi and took them both prisoner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad Khudayar Khan</span> Khan of Kokand

Sayid Muhammad Khudayar Khan, usually abbreviated to Khudayar Khan, was a Khan of Kokand who reigned between 1845 and 1875 with interruptions. He was the son of Shir Ali Khan. During the reign of Khudayar Khan, the Khanate was suffering from a civil war and from interventions of the Emir of Bukhara. Subsequently, the Russian invasion into Central Asia first forced the Khanate to become a vassal of the Russian Empire, and in 1876 the Khanate was abolished as a result of the suppression of an uprising. In 1875, Khudayar Khan, who took a pro-Russian position, during the uprising had to flee to Orenburg in Russia. He died in exile.

Pūl was a historical Russian currency that circulated in Russian Turkestan. Pūls were used in Golden Horde, Afghanistan, Bukhara, Chagatai Khanate, Kokand Khanate, Dzungar Khanate, and other Eurasian principalities, it was a copper coin of very small denomination, 1/60 of an altyn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian conquest of Central Asia</span> Period in Russian and Central Asian history

In the 16th century, the Tsardom of Russia embarked on a campaign to expand the Russian frontier to the east. This effort continued until the 19th century under the Russian Empire, when the Imperial Russian Army succeeded in conquering all of Central Asia. The majority of this land became known as Russian Turkestan—the name "Turkestan" was used to refer to the area due to the fact that it was and is inhabited by Turkic peoples, excluding the Tajiks, who are an Iranian ethnicity. Upon witnessing Russia's absorption of the various Central Asian realms, the British Empire sought to reinforce India, triggering the Great Game, which ended when both sides eventually designated Afghanistan as a neutral buffer zone.

Muhammad Umar Khan was the Khan of Kokand from c. 1810 until his subsequent illness and death in c. 1822. He studied at a madrassa after completing his primary education before seizing power from his brother Alim Khan. His poetry written under the pen name "Amir" touched on subjects spanning from humanism, culture, and enlightenment in diwans covering twelve genres. His teenage son Muhammad Ali Khan was given the title of Khan after his death.

Muhammad Ali Khan, commonly referred to as Madali Khan, was the official Khan of Kokand from c. 1822 to 1842. He became the official ruler of Kokand at the age of 14 after his father Muhammad Umar Khan died of an illness in 1822, although some sources claim his mother Mohlaroyim was really in charge due to Madali's young age and inexperience.

Alim Khan was the Khan of Kokand c. 1801 to 1810. He became Khan after the death of his father Narbuta Bey.

Narbuta Bek was the Khan of Kokand from c. 1764 to 1801. He was the grandson of Abdul Karim Bek his only successor of not killed by Irdana Bek in a coup for power. He had three sons: Alim, Umar, and Shahrukh. His son Alim succeeded him as khan until he was overthrown by Umar.

Muhammad Mallya Beg Khan, also known as Malla-Khan, was the Khan of Kokand from 1858 to 1862; he was the son of Shir Ali Khan and the stepbrother of Khudayar Khan. He was assassinated in 1862 and succeeded by his seventeen-year-old stepbrother Shah Murad Khan, who ruled for only several days until Muhammad Khudayar Khan came back to power.

Shir Ali Khan was the Khan of Kokand from June 1842 to 1845. He belonged to the Ming tribe that ruled Kokand.

Murad Beg Khan was briefly the Khan of Kokand in 1845, after he killed Shir Ali Khan.

Iskhak Khasan-uulu, better known as Pulat Khan, was briefly the Khan of Kokand and one of the leaders of the Kokand rebellion that took place from 1873 to 1876.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ormon Khan</span> Khan of the Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate

Ormon Khan was the first and only khan of the Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate, ruling from 1842 until his death in 1854. A member of the powerful Sarybagysh tribe, Ormon's reign saw a centralization of the Kyrgyz tribes, with the establishment of legal and judicial systems. Ormon was a close ally of the Russian Empire in the region, winning a series of wars against the Khanate of Kokand and defeating a Kazakh army led by Kenesary Khan, who had been rebelling against the Russians. In 1854, during a conflict with a rival Kyrgyz tribe, Ormon was captured in battle and executed. Ormon's khanate collapsed following his death, with the region falling under Russian control by 1868.

References