National security of Serbia

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National security of Serbia relates to the issues of Serbian national security.

Contents

Security and intelligence system

National Security Council considers issues of importance for national security and coordinates the work of the security and intelligence services.

There are three security and intelligence agencies in Serbia, one civilian and two military. The Security Intelligence Agency, is a civil security and intelligence agency, responsible for collecting, reporting and disseminating intelligence, and conducting counterintelligence in the interest of national security. [1] Under the auspices of the Ministry of Defence, there are the Military Security Agency and Military Intelligence Agency.

Status of Kosovo

The political status of Kosovo is the subject of a long-running political and territorial dispute between the Serbian government and the Government of Kosovo, stemming from the breakup of Yugoslavia and the ensuing Kosovo War. In 1999, the administration of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija was handed on an interim basis to the United Nations under the terms of UNSCR 1244 which ended the Kosovo conflict of that year. That resolution reaffirmed the territorial integrity of Serbia over Kosovo but required the UN administration to promote the establishment of 'substantial autonomy and self-government' for Kosovo pending a 'final settlement' for negotiation between the parties.

The UN-sponsored talks began in 2006, and though no agreement was reached between the parties, a proposal from UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari was presented in 2007 which recommended 'supervised independence' for the province. After many weeks of discussions at the UN in New York, the United States, United Kingdom and other European members of the United Nations Security Council formally 'discarded' a draft resolution backing Ahtisaari's proposal, as they had failed to secure Russian backing. [2] [ failed verification ]

On 17 February 2008, representatives of the people of Kosovo, acting outside the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government framework established by the UN governance mission, issued a declaration of independence establishing the Republic of Kosovo. [3] The International Court of Justice ruled that the declaration did not violate international law and argued that the signatory authors represented the broad will of the People of Kosovo, rather than the Assembly of Kosovo under the umbrella of UN resolution 1244. [4]

Relations with NATO

NECU NATO (I do not want NATO), anti-NATO graffiti in Belgrade Necu Nato.JPG
NEĆU NATO (I do not want NATO), anti-NATO graffiti in Belgrade

Serbia is a militarily neutral country with no intentions of joining NATO. [5]

The NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994–95 and the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 resulted in strained relations between Serbia and NATO. Relations were further strained following Kosovo's declaration of independence in 2008 while a protectorate of the United Nations with security support from NATO. However, Serbia was invited and joined the Partnership for Peace programme during the 2006 Riga summit and in 2008 was invited to enter the intensified dialogue programme whenever the country is ready. [6]

National Assembly of Serbia passed a resolution in 2007 which declared country's military neutrality until such time as a referendum holding on the issue. [7] In 2008, Serbian Defence Minister Dragan Šutanovac signed the Information Exchange Agreement with NATO, one of the prerequisites for fuller membership in the Partnership for Peace programme. [8] In 2011 Serbia's request for an IPAP was approved by NATO, and Serbia submitted a draft IPAP in 2013 with agreement finalized in 2015. [9] [10] [11]

Following the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, several neutral states reconsidered their alignment and applied for NATO membership. However, Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić, reiterated that Serbia was not interested in NATO membership. [12] The minor Serbian Renewal Movement, which has two seats in the National Assembly, remain the only parliamentary party in favor of NATO membership. [13]

A 2022 poll found that only 10 percent of those polled supported country's NATO membership while 82 percent were opposed. [14]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo</span> Officially mandated mission of the United Nations in Kosovo

The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) is the officially mandated mission of the United Nations in Kosovo. The UNMIK describes its mandate as being to "help the United Nations Security Council achieve an overall objective, namely, to ensure conditions for a peaceful and normal life for all inhabitants of Kosovo and advance regional stability in the Western Balkans."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244</span> 1999 resolution establishing Kosovos UNMIK

United Nations Security Council resolution 1244, adopted on 10 June 1999, after recalling resolutions 1160 (1998), 1199 (1998), 1203 (1998) and 1239 (1999), authorised an international civil and military presence in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and established the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). It followed an agreement by Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević to terms proposed by President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari and former Prime Minister of Russia Viktor Chernomyrdin on 8 June, involving withdrawal of all Yugoslav state forces from Kosovo.

The political status of Kosovo, also known as the Kosovo question, is the subject of a long-running political and territorial dispute between the Serbian government and the Government of Kosovo, stemming from the breakup of Yugoslavia (1991–92) and the ensuing Kosovo War (1998–99). In 1999, the administration of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija was handed on an interim basis to the United Nations under the terms of UNSCR 1244 which ended the Kosovo conflict of that year. That resolution reaffirmed the territorial integrity of Serbia over Kosovo but required the UN administration to promote the establishment of 'substantial autonomy and self-government' for Kosovo pending a 'final settlement' for negotiation between the parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of Kosovo</span> Supreme law of the Republic of Kosovo

The Constitution of Kosovo is the supreme law of the Republic of Kosovo, a territory of unresolved political status. Article four of the constitution establishes the rules and separate powers of the three branches of the government. The unicameral Assembly of the Republic exercises the legislative power, the executive branch led by the President and the Prime Minister which are responsible for implementing laws and the judicial system headed by the Supreme Court.

The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, which proclaimed the Republic of Kosovo to be a state independent from Serbia, was adopted at a meeting held on 17 February 2008 by 109 out of the 120 members of the Assembly of Kosovo, including the Prime Minister of Kosovo, Hashim Thaçi, and by the President of Kosovo, Fatmir Sejdiu. It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo's Albanian-majority political institutions; the first was proclaimed on 7 September 1990.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International recognition of Kosovo</span> Overview of states recognising Kosovo as sovereign state

International governments are divided on the issue of recognition of the independence of Kosovo from Serbia, which was declared in 2008. The Government of Serbia does not diplomatically recognise Kosovo as a sovereign state, although the two countries have enjoyed normalised economic relations since 2020 and have agreed not to try to interfere with the other's accession to the European Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kosovo independence precedent</span> Precedent set by the international recognition of the independence of Kosovo

On 17 February 2008, the majority of members of the Assembly of Kosovo, including Hashim Thaçi, and Fatmir Sejdiu, not acting in the capacity of PISG, declared Kosovo an independent and sovereign state. Kosovo was soon recognized as a sovereign state by the United States, Turkey, Albania, Austria, Germany, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and others. This triggered an international debate over whether Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence had set a precedent in international law that could apply to other separatist movements, or whether it is a special case. The recognition of Kosovo's independence by 101 out of 193 UN states, according to many sources, has given fresh impetus to other separatist movements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">France–Kosovo relations</span> Bilateral relations

France–Kosovo relations are the bilateral relations between the French Republic and the Republic of Kosovo. When Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, France became one of the first countries to announce officially about recognition of sovereign Kosovo. France has an embassy in Pristina. Kosovo has an embassy in Paris. The two countries enjoy very good and friendly relations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Finland–Kosovo relations</span> Bilateral relations

Finland–Kosovo relations are foreign relations between Finland and Kosovo. Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Finland recognised it on 7 March 2008. Finland maintains an embassy in Pristina.

<i>Advisory opinion on Kosovos declaration of independence</i> International Court of Justice opinion (2010)

Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo was a request in 2008 for an advisory opinion referred to the International Court of Justice by the United Nations General Assembly regarding the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. The territory of Kosovo is the subject of a dispute between Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo established by the declaration. This was the first case regarding a unilateral declaration of independence to be brought before the court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romania–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Romania–Serbia relations are the bilateral relations between Romania and Serbia. Both Eastern European countries sharing a border, Romania and Serbia established diplomatic relations on April 19, 1841. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">China–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

China-Serbian relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Serbia. Relations have been maintained since SFR Yugoslavia's recognition of PR China on October 1, 1949, while diplomatic relations between the two countries were formally established by the exchange of diplomatic notes between the two Foreign Ministers on January 2, 1955. China has an embassy in Belgrade and also maintains an office in Priština based on consent of the Government of Serbia from November 2006. Serbia has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in Shanghai. In 2017, Serbia and China mutually abolished the requirement of obtaining an entry visa for its citizens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Security Intelligence Agency</span> National intelligence agency of Serbia

The Security Intelligence Agency is a national security and intelligence agency of Serbia. The agency is responsible for collecting, reporting and disseminating intelligence, and conducting counterintelligence in the interest of Serbia's national security.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serbia–Venezuela relations</span> Bilateral relations

Serbia–Venezuela relations are foreign relations between Serbia and Venezuela. Venezuela is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Belgrade. Serbia is represented in Venezuela through its embassy in Caracas that was re-opened in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State Security Directorate (Serbia)</span> Security agency of Serbia (1991-2002)

The State Security Directorate, or simply State Security, was the security agency within the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Serbia tasked with protecting the country from internal threats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palestine–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

The Palestinian–Serbian relations are bilateral relations between the State of Palestine and the Republic of Serbia. Relations between Serbia and Palestine have been very close and friendly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence</span>

Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia was enacted on Sunday, 17 February 2008 by a unanimous vote of the Assembly of Kosovo. All 11 representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. International reaction was mixed, and the world community continues to be divided on the issue of the international recognition of Kosovo. The Russian Federation’s reaction to the 2008 Kosovo Declaration of Independence is one of strong opposition.

Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia was enacted on Sunday, 17 February 2008 by a unanimous vote of the Assembly of Kosovo. All 11 representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. International reaction was mixed, and the international community continues to be divided on the issue of the international recognition of Kosovo. Slovakia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence is one of non-recognition, but it has given indications that its stance could change in the future.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brazil–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Relations between Serbia and Brazil have been very strong and well built since 1946 when relations were established between the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Brazil. Brazil does not recognize Kosovo as an independent state and has announced it has no plans to do so without an agreement with Serbia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serbia–NATO relations</span> Bilateral relations

Since 15 January 2015, the relationship between Serbia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been regulated in the context of an Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP).

References

  1. ↑ "About Agency / Security Information Agency". Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
  2. ↑ "Kosovo Full Coverage on Yahoo! News". Archived from the original on 23 June 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  3. ↑ "ICJ delivers advisory opinion on the accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo". Peace.ax. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
  4. ↑ "ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE UNILATERAL DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE IN RESPECT OF KOSOVO" (PDF). Icj-cij.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
  5. ↑ "Swiss envoy: Serbia doesn't need to join NATO". UPI. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  6. ↑ "NATO offers "intensified dialogue" to Serbia". B92. 3 April 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  7. ↑ "Serbian parliament's Kosovo resolution". B92. 27 December 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  8. ↑ "Šutanovac, NATO sign agreement". b92. 1 October 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  9. ↑ "NATO's relations with Serbia". NATO. 16 January 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  10. ↑ "Serbia and NATO, are we at a turning point?". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  11. ↑ "Dacic: IPAP, step forward in Serbia-NATO relations". infoBalkans. Tanjug. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  12. ↑ Öztürk, Mustafa Talha (2022-03-14). "Serbia will not join NATO: President". Anadolou Agency. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
  13. ↑ Radoman, Jelena (2010-12-10). "NATO-Serbia relations: New strategies or more of the same?". EurActiv. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 2014-06-25.
  14. ↑ "Institute for European Affairs: Record low support of Serbia – NATO cooperation". N1. FoNet. 2022-03-24. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-18.

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