H. Neal Bertram | |
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Born | |
Alma mater | Reed College, Harvard University |
Occupation(s) | Engineer, Physicist, Author |
Employer(s) | Ampex, UCSD |
Spouse | Ann Leslie Pollock |
Awards |
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Neal Bertram is a physicist noted for his contributions to the theory of magnetic recording. From 1968 to 1985, he worked for Ampex Corporation in Redwood City. From 1985 to 2004, he was an Endowed Chair Professor at the Center for Memory and Recording Research (CMRR), [1] University of California at San Diego. He is the author of the book "Theory of Magnetic Recording". [2] He is an elected Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. In 2003, he won the IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems Award. [3]
Harold Neal Bertram was born in Los Angeles County, California, in 1941. [4] He attended North Hollywood High School. [5]
Bertram received his B.A. from Reed College, Portland, OR in 1963. He obtained an A.M. degrees in 1964 and Ph.D. in Physics in 1968, both from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His thesis was entitled "Magnetoelastic Effects in Europium Iron Garnet". [6]
Bertram married Ann Pollock in 1964. [7] They have one son, "Seth". [8] Bertram retired from CMRR in 2004 and moved from La Jolla, California to the City of San Mateo, California where they currently reside. Bertram "has had a life-long interest in music. He plays the cello, participates in numerous musical groups and gives concerts on occasion" (quote from CMRR biography). [1]
From 1968 to 1985, Bertram led the Recording Physics Group at Ampex Corporation in Redwood City reporting to John Mallinson. His first focus was on particulate tape media researching magnetization reversal and modeling AC-biased recording. He generalized the concept of reciprocity in magnetic recording. [9] Bertram engaged in a variety of studies on magnetic media, first for flexible tape and later on thin film disks. These studies focussed on high density signals and noise including the behavior of the write head pole-tips under saturation. [3]
In 1985, Bertram joined the faculty at the University of California at San Diego as an Endowed Chair Professor [10] in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and worked at the Center for Memory and Recording Research (CMRR) [1] at UC San Diego. (The other three endowed chairs at CMRR were held by Jack Wolf, Frank Talke, Ami Berkowitz. John Mallinson was director). Bertram developed a research program in the physics of magnetic recording. This included studies of granular thin film media, write and read heads, and the ultimate areal-density limit in high density magnetic recording collaborating, for example, with Mason Williams. [11]
Bertram taught graduate courses in magnetic recording theory, magnetic recording measurements, and analysis of recording materials. [1] He supervised the work of a number of graduate students and post-doctoral fellows. These included Jimmy Zhu, Carl Che, Manfred Schabes, Kaizhong Gao, Dan Wei, Xiaobin Wang, David Wachenschwanz, Samuel Yuan [12] and Alex Barany [13] among many others. In particular, the work with Zhu on large scale numerical simulations utilizing the San Diego Supercomputer Center [14] revealed the critical role of exchange interaction in perpendicular magnetic recording. [15]
Bertram was also recognized for the important collaborative role in research sponsored by the National Storage Industry Consortium (now Information Storage Industry Consortium, INSIC) [16] founded in 1991 to enhance industry competitiveness thru cooperation between universities and industry. [17]
In 2004, Bertram retired from CMRR and moved back to the San Francisco Bay Area. He continued in a role as emeritus Professor at UCSD and also consulted part-time for Hitachi GST.
In 1986, Bertram was selected to be an IEEE Magnetics Society Distinguished Lecturer giving a talk entitled, "Unsolved Problems in the Physics of Magnetic Recording". [18]
In 1987, Bertram was named an IEEE Fellow "for contributions to the theory and applications of magnetic recording". [19]
In 2003, Bertram won the IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems Award for "fundamental and pioneering contributions to magnetic recording physics research". [3] This is a Technical Field Award of the IEEE given each year to an individual that has made outstanding contributions to information storage systems. Other contemporary recipients include Denis Mee, Chris Bajorek, Mark Kryder, Alan Shugart, Jim Lemke.
In 2004, Bertram and Kaizhong Gao were honored with the annual technical achievement award from INSIC (International Storage Industry Consortium) for "pioneering work in the exploration of tilted magnetic recording and the resulting insights contributed to the INSIC EHDR Research Program for advanced hard disk storage technology". [20] Bertram was similarly honored earlier in 1999. [1]
In 2006, Bertram received the IEEE Magnetics Society 2006 Achievement Award for "contributions to the understanding of magnetic recording". [21] [22]
Neal Bertram is a physicist noted for his contributions to the theory of magnetic recording. He is the author of the widely cited book "Theory of Magnetic Recording" (Cambridge University Press, March 1994). [2] [23] The book was translated into Mandarin Chinese by Xiaodong Che. [24]
in 1992, Bertram and J. Zhu collaborated on the chapter "Fundamental Magnetization Processes in Thin-Film Recording Media" in Solid State Physics: Volume 46, Eds. H. Ehrenreich & D. Turnbull [25]
Bertram has authored/co-authored over 285 scientific papers [26] [27] largely related to Magnetic Recording for Tape Recorders and Hard Disk Drives (HDDs).
Superparamagnetism is a form of magnetism which appears in small ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles. In sufficiently small nanoparticles, magnetization can randomly flip direction under the influence of temperature. The typical time between two flips is called the Néel relaxation time. In the absence of an external magnetic field, when the time used to measure the magnetization of the nanoparticles is much longer than the Néel relaxation time, their magnetization appears to be in average zero; they are said to be in the superparamagnetic state. In this state, an external magnetic field is able to magnetize the nanoparticles, similarly to a paramagnet. However, their magnetic susceptibility is much larger than that of paramagnets.
Remanence or remanent magnetization or residual magnetism is the magnetization left behind in a ferromagnetic material after an external magnetic field is removed. Colloquially, when a magnet is "magnetized", it has remanence. The remanence of magnetic materials provides the magnetic memory in magnetic storage devices, and is used as a source of information on the past Earth's magnetic field in paleomagnetism. The word remanence is from remanent + -ence, meaning "that which remains".
Coercivity, also called the magnetic coercivity, coercive field or coercive force, is a measure of the ability of a ferromagnetic material to withstand an external magnetic field without becoming demagnetized. Coercivity is usually measured in oersted or ampere/meter units and is denoted HC.
Mark Howard Kryder was Seagate Corp.'s senior vice president of research and chief technology officer. Kryder holds a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from Stanford University and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering and physics from the California Institute of Technology.
The IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems Award is a Technical Field Award of the IEEE given each year to an individual, multiple recipients, or team up to three in number that has made outstanding contributions to information storage systems. The award is named in honor of Reynold B. Johnson.
James John Miles is a retired Professor of Computer Engineering in the School of Computer Science at the University of Manchester where he previously was head of the school and a member of the Nano Engineering & Storage Technology Research Group (NEST).
Yoshihiro Shiroishi was born in 1951 in Tokyo, Japan. He is a Chief Architect and Technical Advisor at the Hitachi Research & Dev. Group, Tokyo, Japan. Shiroishi was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for leadership in the development of high density magnetic recording technologies and devices.
Bruce Alvin Gurney was an American physicist responsible for pioneering advances in magnetic recording. In particular, he was central to the development of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors first used in hard disk drives in 1997.
Shun-ichi Iwasaki is a Japanese engineer. He was professor at Tohoku University and then became president and of Tohoku Institute of Technology. He was also a professor at Lanzhou University (China). Iwasaki's pioneering work on perpendicular magnetic recording has been integral to the development of modern hard disk drives.
Charles Denis Mee was a British-American engineer, physicist, and author who was noted for his contributions in the areas of magnetic recording and data storage on hard disk drives (HDD). A large part of his career was with IBM in San Jose California. He is the author or editor of several books on magnetic recording.
Christopher Henry Bajorek is a data storage engineer noted for his leadership in developing and implementing magnetoresistive sensors into magnetic stripe readers, tape drives and hard disk drives.
John C. Mallinson was a British physicist who made significant contributions to the understanding of magnetism and magnetic recording. He is perhaps best remembered for his theoretical work on structures with one-sided magnetic flux. Their use is exemplified in the Halbach array and in the familiar refrigerator magnet.
Stéphane Mangin is a physicist and professor at the University of Lorraine in Nancy, France. He is head of the Nanomagnetism and Spintronics group at the Institut Jean Lamour, a laboratory jointly run by the CNRS and the University of Lorraine.
Ying Shirley Meng is a Singaporean-American materials scientist and academic. She is a professor at the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago and Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS) chief scientist at Argonne National Laboratory. Meng is the author and co-author of more than 300 peer-reviewed journal articles, two book chapter and six patents. She serves on the executive committee for battery division at the Electrochemical Society and she is the Editor-in-Chief for MRS Energy & Sustainability.
James "Jim" U. Lemke was an American physicist and entrepreneur who lived in San Diego. He developed magnetic recording and internal combustion engine technologies.
Mason Lamar Williams III was an engineer and physicist, noted for his contributions in the areas of magnetic recording and data storage on hard disk drives (HDD). A large part of his career was with the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California. After retiring, Williams played a major role in the restoration and demonstration of the IBM RAMAC at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California
Robert E Fontana is an engineer, physicist, and author who is noted for his contributions in the areas of magnetic recording and data storage on hard disk drives (HDD) and on digital tape recorders. His work has concentrated on developing thin film processing techniques for nano-fabrication of magnetic devices including Giant Magnetoresistance read heads now used universally in magnetic recording. Much of his career was with IBM in San Jose, California. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Michael L. Mallary is an engineer, physicist, inventor, and author who is noted for his contributions in the areas of magnetic recording and data storage on hard disk drives (HDD). His work has concentrated on developing and optimizing magnetic components to maximize data storage density. In particular, he is responsible to inventing the 'trailing-shield' write head used universally in modern HDDs. Mallary is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and recipient of the IEEE Magnetics Society Achievement Award.
David Beauregard Bogy is the William S. Floyd, Jr. Distinguished Professor of the Graduate School at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB). He is also the founder and head of the Computer Mechanics Laboratory (CML) at UCB.. He has made particular contributions in air-bearing analysis and design for the sliders that support the read/write heads in hard disk drives (HDD).
Albert Smiley Hoagland had a long career on the development of hard disk drives (HDD) starting with the IBM RAMAC. From 1956 to 1984, he was with IBM in San Jose, California, and then, from 1984 to 2005, he was the director of the Institute for Information Storage Technology at Santa Clara University. He wrote the first book on Digital Magnetic Recording. Hoagland played a central role in the preservation and restoration of the IBM RAMAC now displayed at the Computer History Museum, Mountain View, California. He died in Portland, Oregon, on 1 October 2022.