Nicetius

Last updated
Saint Nicetius of Trier
San Nicecio de Treveris (cropped).jpg
Saint Nicetius, Egbert Psalter
Bishop of Trier [1]
Born513
Auvergne
Died~566
Trier
Venerated in Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church
Feast October 1 (in Trier)
December 5 (Roman Martyrology)

Saint Nicetius (French : Saint Nizier) (c. 525 - c. 566) was a bishop of Trier, born in the latter part of the sixth century, exact date unknown; died in 563 or more probably 566. [2]

Contents

Nicetius was the most important bishop of the ancient see of Trier, in the era when, after the disorders of the Migrations, Frankish supremacy began in what had been Roman Gaul. Considerable detail of the life of this zealous bishop is known from various sources, from letters written either by or to him, from two poems of Venantius Fortunatus and above all from the statements of his pupil Aredius, later Abbot of Limoges, which have been preserved by Gregory of Tours. [3]

Life

Pastoral work

Nicetius came from a Gallo-Roman family; he was a native of Aquitaine. [4] From his youth he devoted himself to religious life and entered a monastery. Theuderic I (511-34) had encouraged clerics from Acquitaine to work in the Rhineland. The king came to esteem Nicetius despite his often remonstrating with him on his wrongdoing without, however, any loss of favour. After the death of Bishop Aprunculus of Trier, an embassy of the clergy and citizens of Trier came to the royal court to elect a new bishop. They desired Saint Gallus, but the king refused his consent. It was through Theuderic's patronage that Nicetius was confirmed as bishop. About 527 Nicetius set out as the new bishop for Trier, accompanied by an escort sent by the king, and while on the journey had opportunity to make known his firmness in the administration of his office. [3]

Trier had suffered terribly during the disorders of the Migrations. One of the first cares of the new bishop was to rebuild the cathedral church, the restoration of which is mentioned by the poet Venantius Fortunatus. He imported Italian craftmen to work on churches. Archæological research has shown, in the cathedral of Trier, the existence of mason-work belonging to the Frankish period which may belong to this reconstruction by Nicetius. A fortified castle (castellum) with a chapel built by him on the river Moselle is also mentioned by the same poet. Bishop Nicetius replanted vineyards on the slopes above the Moselle, to restore the area's wine business. [4]

The bishop devoted himself with great zeal to his pastoral duty. He preached daily, opposed vigorously the numerous evils in the moral life both of the higher classes and of the common people, and in so doing did not spare the king and his courtiers. Disregarding threats, he steadfastly fulfilled his duty. He excommunicated King Chlothar I (511-61), who for some time was sole ruler of the Frankish dominions, on account of his misdeeds; in return the king exiled the determined bishop in 560. The king died, however, in the following year, and his son and successor Sigebert I, the ruler of Austrasia (561-75), allowed Nicetius to return home. Nicetius took part in several synods of the Frankish bishops: the synod of Clermont (535), of Orléans (549), the second synod of Council of Clermont (549), the synod of Toul (550), at which he presided, and the synod of Synod of Paris (555). [3]

Correspondence and personal life

Nicetius corresponded with ecclesiastical dignitaries of high rank in distant places. Letters are extant that were written to him by Abbot Florianus of Romain-Moûtier (Canton of Vaud, Switzerland), by Bishop Rufus of Octodurum (now Martigny, in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland), and by Archbishop Mappinius of Reims. He was an influential bishop in Gaul and attracted many clerics to Trier and Austrasia with the then young Venantius Fortunatus as his most famous clerical guest, writer and future bishop of Poitiers. Fortunatus' visit to Nicetius was his first major step in Gaul after he left the school of Ravenna. [5]

The general interests of the Church did not escape his watchful care. He wrote an urgent letter to Emperor Justinian of Constantinople in regard to the emperor's position in the controversies arising from Monophysitism. Another letter that has been preserved is to Chlodoswinda, wife of the Lombard King Alboin, in which he exhorts this princess to do everything possible to bring her husband over to the Catholic faith. [6]

In his personal life Nicetius was very ascetic and self-mortifying; he fasted frequently, and while the priests and clerics who lived with him were at their evening meal he would go, concealed by a hooded cloak, to pray in the churches of the city. He founded a school of his own for the training of the clergy. The best known of his pupils is the later Abbot of Limoges, Aredius, who was the authority of Gregory of Tours for the latter's biographical account of Nicetius. Gregory of Tours, wrote the oldest Nicetius Vita, and praised the fearless advocacy of the Bishop.

Veneration

Nicetius was buried in the church of St. Maximin at Trier. In the diocese of Trier, he is revered as a saint. His feast day is celebrated at Trier on 1 October; in the Roman Martyrology his name is placed under 5 December. [7] [8] [9]

The genuineness of two treatises ascribed to him is doubtful: "De Vigiliis servorum Dei" and "De Psalmodiæ Bono".

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">687</span> Calendar year

Year 687 (DCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 687 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregory of Tours</span> 6th-century historian and Bishop of Tours

Gregory of Tours was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours during the Merovingian period and is known as the "father of French history." He was a prelate in the Merovingian kingdom, encompassing Gaul's historic region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theudebert I</span> Merovingian king of Austrasia (c.500-547)

Theudebert I was the Merovingian king of Austrasia from 533 to his death in 548. He was the son of Theuderic I and the father of Theudebald.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Austrasia</span> Medieval European territory

Austrasia was a territory which formed the north-eastern section of the Kingdom of the Franks from the 6th to 8th centuries, ruled by the Frankish Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties during the Early Middle Ages. It was centred on the Meuse, Middle Rhine, and the Moselle rivers, and was the original territory of the Franks, including both the so-called Salian Franks and Ripuarian Franks, which Clovis I, King of the Franks (481–511) conquered after first taking control of the bordering part of Roman Gaul, which is sometimes described in this period as Neustria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlothar II</span> Frankish king (584–629)

Chlothar II, sometime called "the Young", was king of the Franks, ruling Neustria (584–629), Burgundy (613–629) and Austrasia (613–623).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chilperic I</span> King of Neustria from 561 to 584

Chilperic I was the king of Neustria from 561 to his death. He was one of the sons of the Frankish king Clotaire I and Queen Aregund.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Childebert II</span> King of Austrasia from 575 to 596 AD

Childebert II (c.570–596) was the Merovingian king of Austrasia from 575 until his death in March 596, as the only son of Sigebert I and Brunhilda of Austrasia; and the king of Burgundy from 592 to his death, as the adopted son of his uncle Guntram.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theudebald</span> Merovingian king of Austrasia (535-555)

Theudebald, son of Theudebert I and Deuteria, was the king of Metz, Rheims, or Austrasia—as it is variously called—from 547 or 548 to 555.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germain of Paris</span> 6th-century Bishop of Paris

Germain was the bishop of Paris and is venerated as a saint in both the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. According to an early biography, he was known as Germain d'Autun, rendered in modern times as the "Father of the Poor".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venantius Fortunatus</span> Italian saint-bishop, poet and hymnwriter (c. 530-c. 600/609)

Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus, known as Saint Venantius Fortunatus, was a Latin poet and hymnographer in the Merovingian Court, and a bishop of the Early Church who has been venerated since the Middle Ages.

Brunhilda was queen consort of Austrasia, part of Francia, by marriage to the Merovingian king Sigebert I of Austrasia, and regent for her son, grandson and great-grandson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radegund</span> Christian saint, Thuringian princess, and Frankish queen

Radegund was a Thuringian princess and Frankish queen, who founded the Abbey of the Holy Cross at Poitiers. She is the patron saint of several churches in France and England and of Jesus College, Cambridge.

Bertachar was a king of Thuringia from about 510 until about 525, co-ruling with his brothers Hermanfrid and Baderic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aredius</span> 6th-century French abbot and Christian saint

Aredius, also Yrieix, Abbé d'Attanum and Arède d'Atane, was chancellor to Theudebert I, king of Austrasia, and later Abbot of Attane. He founded the monastery of Attane, which was renamed after his death Saint-Yrieix in his honour. The town at the site became known as Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche. Several other French communes are also called Saint-Yrieix after him.

The Council of Clermont of 535 was one of the early Frankish synods. Held at Arvernum,, it was attended by fifteen prelates of the kingdom of Austrasia under the presidency of Honoratus, bishop of Bourges.

Ruricius I was a Gallo-Roman aristocrat and bishop of Limoges from c. 485 to 510. He is one of the writers whose letters survive from late Roman Gaul, depicting the influence of the Visigoths on the Roman lifestyle. He should not be confused with his son-in-law, Saint Rusticus.

The Austrasian Letters is a collection of 48 Latin letters sent from or to Austrasia between the 470s and 590s. The collection is transmitted in a single 9th-century manuscript from the Abbey of Lorsch.

Magneric of Tier was a Frankish bishop of Trier. He is a Catholic and Orthodox saint, with a feast day on July 25. Magneric was one of the first bishops with a Germanic name. He was a friend and admirer of Gregory of Tours, mentioned in his History of the Franks, and ordained St Géry, one of his disciples, who became bishop of Cambrai-Arras on the ascent of King Childebert II. Venantius Fortunatus described the Bishop as virtuous and charitable, and an "ornament of bishops".

The Council of Toul was a Frankish synod convoked by Theudebald, King of Austrasia, that convened in Toul on 1 June 550. It is not known how many bishops attended. It extended to the ecclesiastical provinces of Reims and Trier and perhaps beyond. The diocese of Toul was a suffragan of Trier. The metropolitan bishop, Nicetius of Trier, was certainly in attendance.

Ragnemod was a 6th-century bishop of the archdiocese of Paris.

References

  1. Wilhelm Gundlach: Epistolae Austrasicae 7,8, Corpus Christianorum. Series Latina 117, p416–418 & p419–423.
  2. Diocese of Trier at GCatholic.org.
  3. 1 2 3 Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Nicetius." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 28 Mar. 2015
  4. 1 2 Fletcher, Richard A., The Barbarian Conversion, University of California Press, 1999, ISBN   9780520218598
  5. Brian Brennan, The Career of Venantius Fortunatus, in: Traditio, 1985, p. 57.
  6. "Nicetius of Trier", The Oxford Dictionary of Saints, 5th ed. (David Farmer, ed.) OUP, 2011 ISBN   9780199596607
  7. Letters to Justinian I and Chlodoswinda, ed. Wilhelm Gundlach : Epistolae Austrasicae 7.8, Corpus Christianorum. Series Latina 117, pp 416-418 and pp 419-423.
  8. Andreas Heinz: In Nicetius. Biographic-bibliographic church encyclopedia (BBKL). Volume 6, (Bautz, Herzberg 1993), p.656-657.
  9. Hubertus Seibert : Nicetius, bishop of Trier. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, (Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999), p.197.
Titles of the Great Christian Church
Preceded by Archbishop of Trier
526 566
Succeeded by