A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland to treat sewage, greywater, stormwater runoff or industrial wastewater. It may also be designed for land reclamation after mining, or as a mitigation step for natural areas lost to land development. Constructed wetlands are engineered systems that use the natural functions of vegetation, soil, and organisms to provide secondary treatment to wastewater. The design of the constructed wetland has to be adjusted according to the type of wastewater to be treated. Constructed wetlands have been used in both centralized and decentralized wastewater systems. Primary treatment is recommended when there is a large amount of suspended solids or soluble organic matter.
Sewage treatment is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable for discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. Sewage contains wastewater from households and businesses and possibly pre-treated industrial wastewater. There are a high number of sewage treatment processes to choose from. These can range from decentralized systems to large centralized systems involving a network of pipes and pump stations which convey the sewage to a treatment plant. For cities that have a combined sewer, the sewers will also carry urban runoff (stormwater) to the sewage treatment plant. Sewage treatment often involves two main stages, called primary and secondary treatment, while advanced treatment also incorporates a tertiary treatment stage with polishing processes and nutrient removal. Secondary treatment can reduce organic matter from sewage, using aerobic or anaerobic biological processes.
Castellaniella caeni is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, denitrifying, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Castellaniella, isolated from the sludge of the aerobic treatment tanks of a municipal leachate treatment plant in Daejeon in the Republic of Korea.
Pigmentiphaga daeguensis is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium from the genus Pigmentiphaga, which was isolated from wastewater of a dye works in Daegu in South Korea
Zoogloea caeni is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positiv, facultatively aerobic, nitrogen-fixing, rod-shaped motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Zoogloea which was isolated from activated sludge of a domestic wastewater treatment plant in Korea.
Shewanella decolorationis is a gram-negative, dye-decolorizing bacterium first isolated from activated sludge of a waste-water treatment plant. It is motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The type strain is S12T. Its genome has been sequenced.
Brucella daejeonensis is a gram-negative, nitrate-reducing aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Brucella which was isolated in Daejeon in South Korea.
Nocardioides caeni is a gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from sludge from domestic wastewater in Daejeon, South Korea.
Nocardioides daedukensis is a gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from soil around a wastewater treatment plant in Taejon, South Korea.
Nocardioides daejeonensis is a gram-positive, denitrifying, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from a sewage disposal plant in Daejeon, South Korea.
Nocardioides nitrophenolicus is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from industrial wastewater. Nocardioides nitrophenolicus has the ability to degrade p-nitrophenol.
Gordonia malaquae is a bacterium from the genus Gordonia which has been isolated from sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Taiwan.
Gordonia sihwensis is a Gram-positive and nitrate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from an autotrophic denitrification reactor in Sihwa in Korea.
Chryseomicrobium aureum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Chryseomicrobium which has been isolated from activated sludge from a herbicide-manufacturing wastewater treatment plant in Kunshan in China.
Novosphingobium chloroacetimidivorans is a Gram-negative, chloroacetamide-degrading and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Novosphingobium which has been isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Kunshan City in China.
Kaistia granuli is a Gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Gongju in Korea.
Runella defluvii is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Runella which has been isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Pohang in Korea.
Pseudonocardia hispaniensis is a bacterium from the genus of Pseudonocardia which has been isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Palos de la Frontera in Spain.
Flavobacterium filum is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Flavobacterium which has been isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant from Pohang in Korea.
Tabrizicola fusiformis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, fusiform-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Tabrizicola which has been isolated from activated sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant.
