Nothobranchius is a genus of small, freshwater killifish, classified in the family Nothobranchiidae in the order Cyprinodontiformes. There are about a hundred species in the genus, many with very small distributions. They are primarily native to East Africa from Sudan to northern South Africa, whereas a dozen species are found in the upper Congo River Basin; the greatest species richness is in Tanzania.
The Boji Plains nothobranch is a species of fish in the family Nothobranchiidae, endemic to the drainage of the Ewaso Nyiro in Kenya. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes.
The elongate nothobranch is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to the coastal drainages to the north west of Mombasa in Kenya. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes and temporary pools on floodplains.
The Kisaki nothobranch is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is seasonal pools.
Nothobranchius geminus is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater pools where it feeds on invertebrates at the surface.
Nothobranchius kirki, the redfin notho, is a species of killifish from the family Nothobranchiidae which is endemic to Malawi where it occurs in the drainages of Lake Malawi and Lake Chilwa. It inhabits swamps and ephemeral pools. This species can reach a length of 5 centimetres (2.0 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. This species was described in 1969 by the South African ichthyologist Rex Jubb from types collected by R. G. Kirk, who was a fish biologist of the Agricultural Research Services part of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Malawi, from a pool adjacent to the Likangala River which forms part of the endorheic basin of Lake Chilwa in Malawi.
Nothobranchius steinforti is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Upper Wami River drainage, Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes, pools and rice fields. This species was described in 1977 by Rudolf Hans Wildekamp with the type locality given as "8 kilometers from Kimamba, Tanzania". The specific name honours the Dutch aquarist Theo Steinfort who helped collect the type and bred this species in captivity, making it available to other killifish hobbyists.
The Uganda nothobranch is a species of killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is found in Kenya and Uganda, also possibly in Tanzania. Its natural habitat is intermittent freshwater marshes.
Nothobranchius ditte is a species of brightly colored seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae, belonging to the Nothobranchius brieni species complex. It is endemic to freshwater habitats in the south-eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Adult males reach a length of about 40–42 mm, but the females are slightly smaller. The species is a semi-annual killifish. They inhabit ephemeral pools filled by rainwater during the monsoon season, being adapted to the alteration of dry and wet seasons. As with all members of the genus Nothobranchius, they show extreme life-history adaptations: their embryos survive by entering a three or four month long diapause, within eggs that have a very hard chorion and are resistant to desiccation and hypoxia. When the habitats dry up, the adult fish die and the eggs survive encased in the clay during the dry season.
Nothobranchius sainthousei is a species of brightly red- and blue colored seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to freshwater habitats in the Chembe district of the Luapula Province in northern Zambia. It was named in honour of Ian Sainthouse, a "renowned breeder and collector of killifish, for his special longstanding dedication to researches on the genus Nothobranchius".
Béla Nagy, a Hungarian independent researcher, specialized in the seasonal killifish genus Nothobranchius, as well as members of the family Procatopodidae within the order Cyprinodontiformes.
Nothobranchius albertinensis is a species of brightly colored seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. This species is endemic to seasonal freshwater habitats in north-western Uganda. It is currently known from ephemeral pools and marshes associated with the Albert Nile drainage, as well as small river systems draining into the north-eastern part of Lake Albert.
Nothobranchius attenboroughi is a species of brightly colored seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. It is currently known from ephemeral pools and marshes associated with the Grumeti River and other small systems draining into Lake Victoria at the east side of the lake, which ecological integrity is maintained by the congruence of its catchments largely within the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem.
Nothobranchius taiti is a species of brightly coloured seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. It is endemic to Uganda. It is known from temporary pools and swamps formed on the seasonal floodplains of Apapi River system. The Apapi River is part of the Lake Kyoga basin in the upper Nile drainage in eastern Uganda.
Nothobranchius elucens is a species of brightly colored killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. This species is endemic to northern Uganda. It is currently known from temporary swamps in the Achwa River system in the upper Nile drainage.
Nothobranchius flagrans is a species of brightly coloured killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. This species is endemic to south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It is currently known from temporary swamps in the Dikuluwe system in the lower Lufira River drainage.
Nothobranchius chochamandai is a species of seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. This species is endemic to south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It is known only from the area of the type locality - ephemeral marshes of the Kinikabwimba River, a tributary of Lufutishi River in the middle Luapula River drainage.
Nothobranchius milvertzi is a species of seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. This species is endemic to northern Zambia. It is known only from the area of the type locality - ephemeral pools formed on the floodplain and in the seasonal riverbeds of the Lushiba Marsh in the Lake Mweru basin, Luapula Province, northern Zambia.
Nothobranchius angelae is a species of brightly colored seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. This species is endemic to seasonal freshwater habitats in north-central Tanzania in Eastern Africa.
Nothobranchius cooperi is a species of brightly colored seasonal killifish in the family Nothobranchiidae. This species is endemic to seasonal freshwater habitats in northern Zambia. It is known from temporary pools and swamps on the floodplains of the Mansa and Lufimba river systems in Zambia.
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