Jean-Pierre Changeux is a French neuroscientist known for his research in several fields of biology,from the structure and function of proteins,to the early development of the nervous system up to cognitive functions. Although being famous in biological sciences for the MWC model,the identification and purification of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the theory of epigenesis by synapse selection are also notable scientific achievements. Changeux is known by the non-scientific public for his ideas regarding the connection between mind and physical brain. As put forth in his book,Conversations on Mind,Matter and Mathematics,Changeux strongly supports the view that the nervous system functions in a projective rather than reactive style and that interaction with the environment,rather than being instructive,results in the selection amongst a diversity of preexisting internal representations.
Depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition is the classical and original electrophysiological example of endocannabinoid function in the central nervous system. Prior to the demonstration that depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition was dependent on the cannabinoid CB1 receptor function,there was no way of producing an in vitro endocannabinoid mediated effect.
Chemesthesis is the chemical sensitivity of the skin and mucous membranes. Chemesthetic sensations arise when chemical compounds activate receptors associated with other senses that mediate pain,touch,and thermal perception. These chemical-induced reactions do not fit into the traditional sense categories of taste and smell.
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1),also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1,is a protein that,in humans,is encoded by the TRPV1 gene. It was the first isolated member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor proteins that in turn are a sub-family of the transient receptor potential protein group. This protein is a member of the TRPV group of transient receptor potential family of ion channels. Fatty acid metabolites with affinity for this receptor are produced by cyanobacteria,which diverged from eukaryotes at least 2000 million years ago (MYA). The function of TRPV1 is detection and regulation of body temperature. In addition,TRPV1 provides a sensation of scalding heat and pain (nociception). In primary afferent sensory neurons,it cooperates with TRPA1 to mediate the detection of noxious environmental stimuli.
Group C nerve fibers are one of three classes of nerve fiber in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The C group fibers are unmyelinated and have a small diameter and low conduction velocity,whereas Groups A and B are myelinated. Group C fibers include postganglionic fibers in the autonomic nervous system (ANS),and nerve fibers at the dorsal roots. These fibers carry sensory information.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8),also known as the cold and menthol receptor 1 (CMR1),is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM8 gene. The TRPM8 channel is the primary molecular transducer of cold somatosensation in humans. In addition,mints can desensitize a region through the activation of TRPM8 receptors.
Glutamate receptor,metabotropic 6,also known as GRM6 or mGluR6,is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GRM6 gene.
Glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIA2 gene and it is a subunit found in the AMPA receptors.
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha,is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN2A gene. Functional sodium channels contain an ion conductive alpha subunit and one or more regulatory beta subunits. Sodium channels which contain sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha are sometimes called Nav1.2 channels.
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNB1 gene.
Chloride channel accessory 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCA2 gene.
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNMB3 gene.
Potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel,subfamily N,member 2,also known as KCNN2,is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KCNN2 gene. KCNN2 is an ion channel protein also known as KCa2.2.
P2X purinoceptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX3 gene.
Homer protein homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOMER2 gene.
Potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel,subfamily N,member 1,also known as KCNN1 is a human gene encoding the KCa2.1 protein.
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNMB4 gene.
Anoctamin-1 (ANO1) also known as Transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) is a protein that,in humans,is encoded by the ANO1 gene. Anoctamin-1 is a voltage-gated calcium-activated anion channel,which acts as a chloride channel and a bicarbonate channel. additionally Anoctamin-1 is apical iodide channel. It is expressed in smooth muscle,epithelial cells,vomeronasal neurons,olfactory sustentacular cells,and is highly expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Potassium channel subfamily T,member 2,also known as KCNT2 is a human gene that encodes the KNa protein. KCNT2,also known as the Slick channel is an outwardly rectifying potassium channel activated by internal raises in sodium or chloride ions.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3,also known as gustducin alpha-3 chain,is a protein subunit that in humans is encoded by the GNAT3 gene.
