Olkolo

Last updated

The Olkolo or Koko-olkola' [1] are an Indigenous Australian people of central and eastern Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. According to Norman Tindale, they are to be distinguished from the Kokangol, higher up on the Alice River watershed. [1]

Contents

Language

Olkola belongs to the Kunjen branch of the Southwestern Paman languages, as is mutually intelligible with Uw Oykangand, one of the other dialects of that group.

Country

The Olkolo are the traditional owners of some 2,400 square miles (6,200 km2) extending from the Middle Coleman River, as far south as Crosbie River., [2] and including the western margins of the Quinkan region. [3]

Lifestyle and ecology

The Olkolo are one of the Kawadji, or sandbeach people, who harvested the maritime resources available to them as coastal dwellers opposite the Coral Sea. Traditionally, the rhythm of their foraging depended on the climatic changes over two seasons, the dry season that arrived with the south-east trade winds, blowing from April through to November, followed by the northwest monsoon season, beginning in late November/early December. During the dry season, they would occasionally move inland to cull vegetables and timber, but otherwise spent the major part of the year camped on the shores. [4]

History

By 1889, Olkolo people could be found in camps south of their traditional grounds, in the Coen area. One descendant, Willy Long of Laura recalled several decades later a massacre, from which his parents survived, which took place by 40 troopers under Sub-Inspector Urquhart from the Musgrave police station. The ambushed Olkolo fled and sought refuge in swamps, where they were gunned down, in one of 5 such massacres that took place in 1889. [5]

Alternative names

Notes

    Citations

    1. 1 2 3 Tindale 1974, p. 184.
    2. Tindale 1974.
    3. Cole 2016, p. 200.
    4. Thomson 1933, pp. 457–458.
    5. Cole 2004, p. 172.

    Sources

    Related Research Articles

    The Wik peoples are an Indigenous Australian group of people from an extensive zone on western Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland, speaking several different languages. They are from the coastal flood plains bounding the Gulf of Carpentaria lying between Pormpuraaw and Weipa, and inland the forested country drained by the Archer, Kendall and Holroyd rivers. The first ethnographic study of the Wik people was undertaken by the Queensland born anthropologist Ursula McConnel. Her fieldwork focused on groups gathered into the Archer River Mission at what is now known as Aurukun.

    The Uw Oykangand, otherwise known as the Kwantari, are an Aboriginal Australian people living on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, in the state of Queensland in Australia. Their neighbours to the northwest are the Yir-Yoront people. Their traditional lands are around the Alice River and the Crosbie River, and further west around the Mitchell River and into Gulf Country.

    The Barungguan are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula of Northern Queensland. The name is associated with three languages: Ganganda, Umpithamu and Morrobolam.

    The Pakadji people, also known by the southern tribal exonym as the Koko Yao, are an Aboriginal Australian group of Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. The ethnonym Koko Yaʼo is said literally to mean " talk, speech" (koko/kuku) 'this way' (yaʼo), though this has been questioned.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Uutaalnganu</span>

    The Uutaalnganu people, also known as Night Island Kawadji, are an Aboriginal Australian group of Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. The name is also used collectively for several peoples in this area, such as the Pontunj / Jangkonj (Yanganyu), whose language is unconfirmed.

    The Umpila people are an Aboriginal Australian people of the eastern Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. The majority of the remnant of the Umpila now live in Lockhart.

    The Tjungundji or Tjongkandji are an Indigenous Australian people of central and western Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland.

    The Umpithamu, also once known to ethnographers as the Koko Ompindamo, are a contemporary Aboriginal Australian people of the eastern Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. Norman Tindale, transcribing their ethnonym Umpithamu as Umbindhamu, referred to them as a horde of the Barungguan.

    The Pontunj, also called the Yankonyu, are a contemporary Indigenous Australian people of the eastern Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland.

    The Kokangol (Koko-Gol), or Yuwula, are said to have been an Indigenous Australian people of Queensland. Some dispute this, suggesting the name may be a synonym for Aghu Tharnggala, or may simply be the name of a language consultant.

    The Kokokulunggur are an indigenous Australian people of North Queensland.

    The Ajabakan were an indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland.

    The Mutumui were an indigenous Australian people of northern Queensland.

    The Walmbaria are an indigenous Australian people of Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland.

    The Unjadi (Unyadi) were an indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland.

    The Kokowara were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

    The Wikatinda were an indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland. They were one of the Wik peoples, but their language is unattested.

    The Nggamadi were an indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland.

    The Kokopera, also written Koko Bera, are an indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula of Northern Queensland.

    The Wuthathi, also known as the Mutjati, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of Queensland. Anthropologist Norman Tindale distinguished the Mutjati from the Otati, whereas AIATSIS treats the two ethnonyms as variants related to the one ethnic group, the Wuthathi.