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The rich and varied music of Sudan has traditional, rural, northeastern African roots and also shows Arabic, Western or other African influences, especially on the popular urban music from the early 20th century onwards. Since the establishment of big cities like Khartoum as melting pots for people of diverse backgrounds, their cultural heritage and tastes have shaped numerous forms of modern popular music. In the globalized world of today, the creation and consumption of music through satellite TV or on the Internet is a driving force for cultural change in Sudan, popular with local audiences as well as with Sudanese living abroad.
Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry was a Sudanese politician who served as the fourth head of state of Sudan from 1969 to 1985, first as Chairman of the National Revolutionary Command Council and then as President.
The National Congress Party was a major political party that dominated domestic politics in Sudan from its foundation until the Sudanese Revolution.
As of the early 2000s, Sudan had one of the most restrictive media environments in Africa. Sudan’s print media since independence generally have served one of the political parties or the government in power, although there occasionally were outspoken independent newspapers.
Sudanese literature consists of both oral as well as written works of fiction and nonfiction that were created during the cultural history of today's Republic of the Sudan. This includes the territory of what was once Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the independent country's history since 1956 as well as its changing geographical scope in the 21st century.
The 2011–2013 protests in Sudan began in January 2011 as part of the Arab Spring regional protest movement. Unlike in other Arab countries, popular uprisings in Sudan had succeeded in toppling the government prior to the Arab Spring in 1964 and 1985. Demonstrations in Sudan however were less common throughout the summer of 2011, during which South Sudan seceded from Sudan, but resumed in force later that year and again in June 2012, shortly after the government passed its much criticized austerity plan.
Su'ad al-Fatih Mohammed al-Badawi was a Sudanese academic, politician, and journalist. She was known both for her advocacy of women's rights and for her support of Islamism.
Sudan and Turkey have enjoyed a relatively close relationship, owning by previous historical links between two countries since the Ottoman Empire. Due to this historical tie, Sudan and Turkey share an Ottoman legacy, though little comparing to other Arab states.
Photography in Sudan refers to both historical as well as to contemporary photographs taken in the cultural history of today's Republic of the Sudan. This includes the former territory of present-day South Sudan, as well as what was once Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and some of the oldest photographs from the 1860s, taken during the Turkish-Egyptian rule (Turkiyya). As in other countries, the growing importance of photography for mass media like newspapers, as well as for amateur photographers has led to a wider photographic documentation and use of photographs in Sudan during the 20th century and beyond. In the 21st century, photography in Sudan has undergone important changes, mainly due to digital photography and distribution through social media and the Internet.
The Sudanese Women's Union is a Sudanese women's rights organisation that is one of the biggest post-independence women's rights organisations in Africa.
Cinema of Sudan refers to both the history and present of the making or screening of films in cinemas or film festivals, as well as to the persons involved in this form of audiovisual culture of the Sudan and its history from the late nineteenth century onwards. It began with cinematography during the British colonial presence in 1897 and developed along with advances in film technology during the twentieth century.
Khalid Albaih or Khalid Wad Albaih is a Sudanese political cartoonist, civil rights activist and freelance journalist, who grew up as member of the Sudanese diaspora in Doha, Qatar. He has published his social and political caricatures and articles mainly in Arab and international online media, and his graphic art has also been publicly exhibited internationally.
Mohamed Altoum is a Sudanese freelance documentary photographer. He is one of the founding members of the 'Sudanese Photographers Group' and became known for his photographic storytelling about migrants of the Sudanese diaspora living in Nairobi, Kenya. Another of his photo stories is called Hoshmmar, where he traced the life of his late father through Kenya, Sudan and Egypt to explore his heritage, originating from the culture of Nubians in northern Sudan.
Zeinab Mohammed Salih is a Sudanese freelance journalist, working mainly on political, social and gender-related issues in Sudan and neighbouring countries. She has published numerous reports for national Sudanese as well as for international news media, such as The Guardian, The Independent, BBC News, Financial Times and Al Jazeera.
The Arab Fund for Arts and Culture (AFAC) (Arabic: الصندوق العربي للثقافة والفنون) is an independent, non-profit NGO that funds individuals and cultural organizations in the Arab region. By awarding grants for partial funding of cultural projects and other forms of support, AFAC facilitates projects in the fields of cinema, performing arts, literature, music and visual arts, and encourages cultural exchange, research and cooperation across the Arab region and globally.
Talal Afifi is a Sudanese film curator and producer. Further, he is the director of the Khartoum-based Sudan Film Factory as well as of the Sudan Independent Film Festival and has helped train a new generation of Sudanese filmmakers since 2009.
The College of Fine and Applied Art in Khartoum is the only public art school in Sudan. Its predecessor was founded by the British administration in 1945 as School of Design in the former Gordon Memorial College. In 1951, it was incorporated into the Khartoum Technical Institute that became the Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST) in 1971, and the school was renamed College of Fine and Applied Art.
Reem Gaafar is a Sudanese writer, researcher and public health physician. Her fiction and non-fiction writing has been published in magazines and health-related publications. In 2023, she received the Island Prize for a Debut Novel from Africa for the manuscript of her forthcoming novel A Mouth Full of Salt.
References
- ↑ In a research paper on the role of media and science communication about the “Open Water Diplomacy: media, science and trans-boundary cooperation in the Nile basin”, Shawkat was quoted as stressing that "both journalists and researchers try to represent reality, and in this endeavor they also manufacture it." Source: Fantini, E. and Buist, E. (2021). ‘Searching for the Sources of the Nile through a podcast: what did we find?’. JCOM 20 (02), N01. doi : 10.22323/2.20020801
- ↑ "Omnia Shawkat". #defyhatenow. 10 August 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ↑ Shawkat, Omnia (8 February 2023). "(Un)Doing Resistance: Three Decades of the Islamic Regime's Assault on the Arts in Sudan". African Arguments. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ "Andariya". www.andariya.com. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- 1 2 "Arabnet | Andariya Wants to Help Put the Sudans on the Digital Map". www.arabnet.me. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ↑ "AFAC". www.arabculturefund.org. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ↑ "Top 9 women tech innovators in Africa – IT News Africa – Up to date technology news, IT news, Digital news, Telecom news, Mobile news, Gadgets news, Analysis and Reports" . Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ↑ Shawkat, Omnia and Reem Gaafar (12 February 2019). "Sudanese Women at the Heart of the Revolution". African Feminism (AF). Retrieved 6 March 2021.