Oslo Package 1

Last updated
Oslo Package 1 was partially financed through road tolls, such as at Abildso Bomring Abildso E6.JPG
Oslo Package 1 was partially financed through road tolls, such as at Abildsø

Oslo Package 1 (Norwegian : Oslopakke 1) was a political agreement and plan for introducing an urban toll ring around Oslo, Norway, and making 31 investments to road infrastructure in Oslo and Akershus. The package was approved in 1988, and toll charges were introduced in 1990. It was supplemented by Oslo Package 2, which included a similar scheme for public transport. In 2008, they were both replaced by Oslo Package 3. [1]

Contents

The entire plan involved investments of 11 billion kr in contemporary value, inflation adjusted to NOK 19.4 billion 2008-NOKs. Of these, NOK 4.8 were state grants, while NOK 6.2 billion was revenue from the toll roads. NOK 3.9 billion was invested in Akershus, while 7.1 billion was invested in Oslo. The company Fjellinjen was created to manage the toll collection. [1]

History

Ring 3 received much of the funding Ring 3, Nydalen.jpg
Ring 3 received much of the funding

During the 1970s, car traffic in Oslo greatly increased, and there was a political desire to speed up investments in motorways and tunnels in the city. The goal was to increase capacity and reduce the amount of traffic in the city streets. In particular, Rådhusgata, The City Hall Square and the areas around them were congested, and hindered people from accessing the fjord. During the 1980s, the politic environment shifted towards reduced public spending. In 1982, Minister of Transport, Inger Koppernæs from the Conservative Party, promised increased government grants to local authorities that introduced toll roads. [2]

The first project was to build the Festning Tunnel, that would, along with the intersection at Vestbanen, allow The City Hall Square to become car free. In 1986, both the city council in Oslo and Akershus County Council set demands for a new toll ring scheme, requiring that the state grant extra funding equal to the toll charges: the krone for krone principle. This was similar to what had been agreed upon in Bergen. A report was made by the Second cabinet Willoch, where the initial project, Fjellinjen, was to receive an annual grant of NOK 230 million. While there was local resistance, the plan was popular in parliament. [2]

In 1987, Oslo and Akershus were in agreement about the placement of the eighteen toll plazas. The ring would be located within Oslo, and there was more resistance in Oslo than in Akershus. To increase support in Oslo, 20% of the funds were to go to public transport. A committee with representatives from Oslo, Akershus, the state and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration was created, while the planning became the responsibility of the Public Roads Administration. 70% of the investments would be used in Oslo. There were three plan periods from 1990 to 2001, and additional plans for the period until 2005 were also made. Estimates showed NOK 8.1 billion in investments in 1990–2001. The project was finally approved by parliament on 10 June 1988. The goals of the project were to increase capacity by 30–50%, and to avoid increased congestion by building from the city center outwards. Without the package the investments would have taken about 30 years. [3]

The company Fjellinjen was founded on 13 February 1986 by the Municipality of Oslo, to secure financing for the Festning Tunnel. With the 1988 decision, the company was also given the responsibility to finance the rest of the toll ring. As a result, Akershus bought 40% of the company in 1990. [4]

Oslo Package 2

The Ring Line was one of the projects financed through the follow-up Oslo Package 2 for public transport Nydalen T-banestasjon med T1300.jpg
The Ring Line was one of the projects financed through the follow-up Oslo Package 2 for public transport

In 1996, the work to create a similar package for public transport was started. In particular, the Asker Line and Follo Line railways, the Ring Line and some extensions to the Oslo T-bane, and improvements to the infrastructure for buses and trams were included. The goal was to create sufficient funding for the project, which without additional funding would take 25 years to finance, so that it could be done in 10 years. The package was passed by parliament in 2000, and would insure NOK 15.6 billion in funding. In addition to public grants, each ticket in the public transport system would contribute NOK 0.75, plus a NOK 2 increase for each passing of the toll ring. [5]

Oslo Package 3

Following the termination of Oslo Package 1 in 2008, a new political compromise was created for another twenty years of investments: Oslo Package 3. It includes both investment money for road, rail and bus infrastructure, as well as money for operating public transport. The total budget is NOK 58 billion. It was passed by parliament on 13 March 2008. [6]

Projects

The Granfoss Tunnel was built by funds from Oslo Package 1 Granfos Tunnel south.jpg
The Granfoss Tunnel was built by funds from Oslo Package 1

The main objective of the package was to move road traffic to the ring roads, reducing the amount of traffic in the city center and freeing up capacity in the main arteries. In the 1990s, a number of tunnels were built, and the ring roads improved. During the 2000s the focus was moved towards the arteries. [7]

Oslo

European Route E18 through the city centre received much of the initial investments, with the Festning Tunnel opening in 1990 and the Vestbane Intersection in 1994. The City Hall Square was subsequently closed to cars. Also in the city centre were upgrades to National Road 162 in 1990–91, that included the Vaterland Tunnel. A new intersection for National Road 4 was also built at Hausmannsgate. [8]

Ring 3 received funding for the Granfoss Tunnel (1992), upgrades from Sinsen to Storo (1994), as well as an intersection at Blindern (1993) and the Norwegian Radium Hospital (1997), and upgrades to the section from Tåsen to Ullevål (including the Tåsen Tunnel, 1999). National Road 190, that connects the E6 and E18, also received new upgrades, including the Teisen Intersection (with E6 in 1990) the Ekeberg Tunnel (1995). The European Route E6 received grants for the Ryen Intersection (1997), the Skullerud Intersection (1998), the Svartdal Tunnel (2000) and the Galgeberg Connection (2001). [8]

Akershus

The E6 was upgraded between Vinterbro and Vassum in 1993. E18 received a new intersection at Lysaker and a connection to the European Route E16 at Sandvika, including the Kjørbo Tunnel (both 1993). The following year, the Bekkestua Tunnel opened on National Road 160. [9] Norwegian National Road 4 received new section from Skøyen to Slattum in 1993, and from Gjelleråsen to Slattum in 2003. National Road 159 was upgraded between Knatten and Lørdagsrud in 1997, and from Lørdagsrud to National Road 22 the following year. The same road got a bypass past Strømmen in 2003.

Related Research Articles

Trondheim Toll Scheme or Trondheim Package was the result of that in the 1980s politicians and road authorities in Trondheim, Norway wanted to accelerate the investments in roads and motorways around the city through an investment package and toll scheme to ease construction and generate more funds. Between 1991 and 2005, there were more than 20 toll plazas throughout the city that help finance the new roads. Toll plazas will still remain east of the city at least until 2012. The toll collection is administrated by Trøndelag Veifinans.

Furuset Line

The Furuset Line is a 5.6-kilometer (3.5 mi) long line on the Oslo Metro between Hellerud and Ellingsrudåsen in Oslo, Norway. Running mostly underground, it passes through the southern part of Groruddalen, serving neighborhoods in the boroughs of Alna and Furuset. The line is served by Line 2 of the metro with four or eight trains per hour. The line is owned by Kollektivtransportproduksjon and operated by Oslo T-banedrift on contract with Ruter using MX3000 trains.

Sognsvann Line Rapid transit line in Oslo, Norway

The Sognsvann Line is a rapid transit line on the Oslo Metro of Norway. It branches from the Common Tunnel at Majorstuen and runs 6.0 kilometers (3.7 mi) to Sognsvann. After Ullevål stadion, the Ring Line branches off. The Sognsvann Line serves the northwestern and northern neighborhoods of Oslo, mostly within the borough of Nordre Aker. The line is owned and maintained by Kollektivtransportproduksjon and has nine stations. The western end of line 5 serves the entire line. Line 4 and the eastern end of line 5 serve the southern part of the line up to Ullevål stadion before branching off and continuing along the Ring Line. This gives an average five-minute headway on the southern part and an average fifteen-minute headway on the northern part of the line.

Ring Line (Oslo) Rapid transit line of Oslo Metro

The Ring Line is the newest rapid transit loop line of the Oslo Metro of Oslo, Norway. It connects to the Sognsvann Line in the west and the Grorud Line in the east; along with these two lines and the Common Tunnel, the Ring Line creates a loop serving both the city centre and Nordre Aker borough. The 5.0 kilometres (3.1 mi)-long line has three stations: Nydalen, Storo and Sinsen. Four-fifths of the line runs within two tunnels, with the 1.0-kilometer (0.62 mi) section between Storo and Sinsen, including both stations, being the only at-grade part. The line connects to the Grorud Line north of Carl Berners plass and with the Sognsvann Line north of Ullevål stadion.

Oslofjord Tunnel

The Oslofjord Tunnel is a subsea road tunnel which traverses the Oslofjord, connecting Hurum and Frogn in Norway. Carrying three lanes, the 7,306-meter (23,970 ft) long tunnel reaches a depth of 134 meters (440 ft) below mean sea level. The tunnel has a maximum gradient of seven percent. It acts as the main link connecting eastern and western Viken county, supplementing the Moss–Horten Ferry which runs further south. The tunnel is since 2018 a part of European route E134, until 2018 it was part of National Road 23.

Asker Line Railway line in Norway

The Asker Line is a 9.5-kilometre (5.9 mi) railway line between Asker and Lysaker in Norway. The line runs along the same corridor as the Drammen Line, offering increased capacity, speed and regularity on the rail network west of Oslo. The first part opened in 2005, and in 2011 an extension opened from Sandvika to Lysaker. Original plans called for an extension to Skøyen, but from 2020, new planning is under way for an extension all the way to Oslo Central Station. Most of the railway is in tunnel and is dimensioned for 160 km/h (99 mph) running. The entire railway is electrified at 15 kV  16.7 Hz AC. The first section cost 3.7 billion kr, while the second is budgeted at NOK 2.7 billion.

Common Tunnel

The Common Tunnel, sometimes called the Common Line, is a 7.3-kilometer (4.5 mi) long tunnel of the Oslo Metro which runs through the city center of Oslo, Norway. The name derives from the fact that all six lines of the metro use the tunnel, which runs from Majorstuen to Tøyen. The section has six stations, including the four busiest on the metro.

Fjellinjen AS is a toll company owned by the City of Oslo (60%) and Viken County Municipality (40%). It is responsible for the collection from the toll ring around Oslo, with a total of nineteen toll plazas. All toll roads in Norway have a toll road operator responsible for the financing of the road project. The right to demand payment of toll charges is granted when a toll charge agreement is entered into with the Norwegian Public Roads Administration.

Oslo Package 3 is a political agreement and plan for investments of 53 billion kr in Oslo and Akershus, Norway. It involves financing for road and public transport infrastructure, as well as operating subsidies to public transport in the period 2008–27. It will be part of the National Transport Plan 2010–19. In addition to state grant, the main financing will be through toll ring around Oslo. The plan is a follow-up on its predecessors, the Oslo Package 1 and Oslo Package 2.

Granfoss Tunnel

The Granfoss Tunnel is a set of two tunnels on Ring 3 in Oslo, Norway. The two tunnels are 2.1 kilometers (1.3 mi) long and they are part of the Granfoss Line, a 2.9-kilometer (1.8 mi) stretch of motorway which was opened in 1992 connecting Ring 3 with the European route E18. The name comes from the Granfossen waterfall on the Lysakerelva river, which passes nearby. The two tunnels run from Lysaker to Mustad, and from Mustad to Ullern Church, respectively.

The Oslo Package 2 or O2 is a political agreement for financing investments in public transport in Oslo and Akershus, Norway. The program ran from 2001 to 2011, and includes many large and small investments in railways, the Oslo Tramway, the Oslo Metro and infrastructure for buses. Total budget is 15.6 billion kr. The project is a cooperation between the transit authorities Oslo Sporveier and Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk, Oslo Municipality and Akershus County Municipality, and the government agencies of the Norwegian National Rail Administration and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration.

Homansbyen is a tram stop located at Homansbyen in Frogner borough of Oslo, Norway. It is on the Homansbyen Line, a short line that connects the Briskeby Line and Ullevål Hageby Line of Oslo Tramway, and is served by line 19 using SL79 trams. This line is the shortest of the three tram lines that connect the city centre with Majorstuen. The city has planned to build a new rapid transit station for the Oslo T-bane at Homansbyen, but as of 2017 this has not been developed.

The Kjørbo Tunnel is the name of a road tunnel that runs through the hill Kjørbokollen west of Sandvika in Norway. It forms a part of the European route E16, the route branching off of the European route E18 immediately after the tunnel's southern entrance. It was opened in 1991, and was financed by Oslo Package 1.

The Bekkestua Tunnel is a road tunnel that runs under Bekkestua in Bærum, Norway. It forms a part of the Norwegian National Road 160, starts northeast of Bekkestua to ease this population and commercial centre of heavy traffic, and emerges in the southwest near Gjønnes Station. It was opened in 1994, and was financed by the Oslo Package 1.

Rikshospitalet tram stop

Rikshospitalet is a light rail tram stop at the end of the Ullevål Hageby Line of the Oslo Tramway. It is located at Rikshospitalet, the Norwegian National Hospital, at Gaustad in Oslo, Norway.

Festning Tunnel

The Festning Tunnel is a motorway tunnel on European Route E18 in the city center of Oslo, Norway. The tunnel has two tubes, with three lanes in each. It runs from Bjørvika, under Akershus Fortress, The City Hall Square and Vika to Filipstad. The tunnel is 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) and −45 m (−148 ft) elevation at the deepest.

Bjørvika Tunnel Immersed tunnel in Oslo, Norway

The Bjørvika Tunnel is a motorway immersed tunnel on European Route E18 in the city center of Oslo, Norway. The tunnel has two bores, with three lanes in each. In the west, it connects to the Festning Tunnel at Akershus Fortress and runs under the Bjørvika arm of the Oslofjord before ending in an intersection on the east shore, where it splits into Mosseveien (E18) and the Ekeberg Tunnel. The tunnel is 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) long, 675 meters of which run below sea level, and opened in September 2010. It was built by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration The Bjørvika Tunnel is part of the Opera Tunnel complex which is the name of the interconnected system of tunnels between Ryen and Filipstad. The Bjørvika Tunnel is the first immersed tunnel in Norway.

Norwegian National Road 23

National Road 23, also known as the Oslofjord Link, was the name of a 40.2 kilometers (25.0 mi) largely limited-access road which connects the municipalities of Lier, Røyken, Hurum and Frogn in Norway. The 7.2-kilometer (4.5 mi) Oslofjord Tunnel causes the road to acts as the only fixed link crossing of the Oslofjord and makes that section subject to tolls. In 2018 the road was renamed into European route E134.

Fornebu Line

The Fornebu Line is an under construction rail line which will serve the peninsula of Fornebu in Bærum, Norway. The line is under construction and the transit agency Ruter is working towards connecting it to the Oslo Metro. The line has at various stages been proposed as an automated people mover, tram-train, tramway, light rail, stadtbahn, rapid transit, bus rapid transit and commuter rail, with the rapid transit option being selected as the final proposal. The metro line will start at Majorstuen Station and will run entirely in a tunnel for 8,150 meters (26,740 ft). The line will have six stations, at Skøyen, Vækerø, Lysaker, Telenor Arena, Flytårnet and Fornebu Senter. A depot will be built at Fornebu and the line will connect to the metro's Common Tunnel at Majorstuen.

Toll roads in Norway Wikimedia list article

Road tolling to finance bridges, tunnels and roads has a long history in Norway. The cities Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim introduced toll rings between 1986 and 1991 as a means to discourage urban traffic and to finance infrastructure projects around those cities. Today toll rings circumscribe Oslo, Kristiansand, Stavanger, Haugesund, Bergen, Askøy, Bodø, Harstad, Grenland, Førde and Trondheim. Besides toll rings, road tolls are installed to finance certain road projects, and often also on the existing road to discourage people from using it. Some tolls use congestion pricing and/or environmentally differentiated toll rates.

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 Norwegian Public Roads Administration. "Oslopakke 1 & 2" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  2. 1 2 Lian, 2004: 1
  3. ↑ Lian, 2004: 2
  4. ↑ Fjellinjen. "Formål og historikk" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  5. ↑ Lian, 2004: 8–9
  6. ↑ Norwegian Public Roads Administration. "Oslopakke 3" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  7. ↑ Norwegian Public Roads Administration. "Tunneler og ringveier" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 19 March 2008.[ permanent dead link ]
  8. 1 2 Lian, 2004: 6
  9. ↑ Lian, 2004: 7

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.