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Juan Bautista (de) Pomar was a mestizo descendant of the rulers of prehispanic Texcoco, a historian and writer on prehispanic Aztec history. He is the author of two major works. His Relación de Texcoco was written in response to the Relación geográfica ca.1580.
Mesoamerican languages are the languages indigenous to the Mesoamerican cultural area, which covers southern Mexico, all of Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The area is characterized by extensive linguistic diversity containing several hundred different languages and seven major language families. Mesoamerica is also an area of high linguistic diffusion in that long-term interaction among speakers of different languages through several millennia has resulted in the convergence of certain linguistic traits across disparate language families. The Mesoamerican sprachbund is commonly referred to as the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area.
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Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, usually referred to simply as Chimalpahin or Chimalpain, was a Nahua annalist from Chalco. His Nahuatl names mean "Runs Swiftly with a Shield" and "Rising Eagle", respectively, and he claimed descent from the lords of Tenango-Amecameca-Chalco. He was the grandson of the late Don Domingo Hernández Ayopochtzin, a seventh-generation descendant of the founding king of the polity. Don Domingo was learned and esteemed, especially for his education and his record-keeping skills in the ancient tradition.
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The traditions of indigenous Mesoamerican literature extend back to the oldest-attested forms of early writing in the Mesoamerican region, which date from around the mid-1st millennium BCE. Many of the pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica are known to have been literate societies, who produced a number of Mesoamerican writing systems of varying degrees of complexity and completeness. Mesoamerican writing systems arose independently from other writing systems in the world, and their development represents one of the very few such origins in the history of writing.
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Zacoalco de Torres, formerly Zacoalco, is a town and municipality in Jalisco, Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 479.1 km2. It is the primary production region of the equipal-style wood and pigskin furniture.
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Relaciones geográficas were a series of elaborate questionnaires distributed to the lands of King Philip II of Spain in the Viceroyalty of New Spain in North America. They were done so, upon his command, from 1579–1585. This was a direct response to the reforms imposed by the Ordenanzas, ordinances, of 1573.
Teotlalpan was the pre-Columbian name of a region in the north of Valley of Mexico comprising what is today the Mezquital Valley in the state of Hidalgo and adjacent areas in the State of Mexico. The region was one of two regions settled by Otomí people, the other being the region around Jilotepec and Tula, Hidalgo. In the 18th century the name of the main part of the region came to be known as Mezquital.
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Cartography of Latin America, map-making of the realms in the Western Hemisphere, was an important aim of European powers expanding into the New World. Both the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire began mapping the realms they explored and settled. They also speculated on the lands that were marked terra incognita. Indigenous groups created maps of their territories, some of which predated the arrival of the Europeans. Maps for Spain also projected "its particular sense of order, religion, and justice, or what was understood as policía in its new colonies." Maps could be a form of propaganda; empires used maps as a means to assert sovereignty over territory, even when the situation on the ground did not merit it. The Spanish crown mandated the creation of reports from indigenous towns in New Spain, the Relaciones geográficas, a major state-directed project for gathering information. with written descriptions and usually a map. A useful collection of articles pointing to some major issues in New World cartography has recently appeared. When other European powers began exploring and settling the zones that Spain and Portugal had claimed as their own, maps began to delineate the boundaries between empires. As Latin America nation-states coalesced following independence in the early nineteenth century, map making was a standard national project.
The history of the Nahuatl, Aztec or Mexicano language can be traced back to the time when Teotihuacan flourished. From the 4th century AD to the present, the journey and development of the language and its dialect varieties have gone through a large number of periods and processes, the language being used by various peoples, civilizations and states throughout the history of the cultural area of Mesoamerica.
Zapotec is an extinct, unclassified Mesoamerican language formerly spoken in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico.
References
- Agüero, Francisco de (1878) [1579]. "Discripcion [ sic ] de Zapotitlan, Tuscacuesco y Cusalapa, por el alcalde mayor Francisco de Aguero" [Description of Zapotitlán, Tuxcacuesco and Cuzalapa, by the alcalde mayor Francisco de Agüero]. Noticias varias de Nueva Galicia, intendencia de Guadalajara[Various reports of Nueva Galicia, intendency of Guadalajara] (in Spanish). Guadalajara: Tip. de Banda, ex-convento de Santa María de Gracia. pp. 282–321.
- Ciudad Real, Antonio de (1993). García Quintana, Josefina; Castillo Farreras, Víctor M. (eds.). Tratado curioso y docto de las grandezas de la Nueva España[Curious and Learned Treatise on the Grandeurs of New Spain] (in Spanish). Vol. II (3rd ed.). ISBN 968-36-2811-7.
- Cline, Howard F. (1972). "A Census of the Relaciones Geográficas, 1579–1612". Handbook of Middle American Indians . Vol. 12: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, Part One. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 324–369. ISBN 0-292-70152-7.
- Gerhard, Peter (1993). A Guide to the Historical Geography of New Spain (revised ed.). Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2553-5.
- Harvey, H. R. (1972). "The Relaciones Geográficas, 1579–1586: Native Languages". Handbook of Middle American Indians . Vol. 12: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, Part One. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 279–323. ISBN 0-292-70152-7.