The Agosta-class submarine is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed and constructed by the French DCNS in the 1970s to succeed the Daphné-class submarines. The submarines have served in the French Navy as well as exported to the navies of Spain and Pakistan. It also used by Royal Malaysian Navy for the training purpose. They were replaced in French service by the Rubis-class nuclear attack submarines but are still in active service with the navies of Spain and Pakistan. The French Navy grouped this model of submarine in their most capable class as an océanique, meaning "ocean-going."
HMS Cadiz was a Battle-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was named after the Battle of Cádiz, in which the French besieged the Spanish town in 1810, which was eventually lifted in 1812 after the French defeat at the Battle of Salamanca.
PNS/M Hangor (S-131) was a Daphné-class diesel-electric submarine that served in the Pakistan Navy from 1969 until its decommissioning in 2006. It is the first submarine to sink a ship after World War II.
The Pakistan Navy (PN) is the uniform naval warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The President of Pakistan is the Supreme Commander of the Navy. The Chief of the Naval Staff, a four-star admiral commands the navy. The Pakistan Navy operates on the coastline of Pakistan in the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. It was established in August 1947, following the independence of Pakistan from the United Kingdom.
PNS/M Ghazi (S–130), SJ, was a Tench-class diesel-electric submarine, the first fast-attack submarine in the Pakistan Navy. She was leased from the United States Navy in 1963.
The Zulfiquar-class frigate, also known as F-22P or in English: Sword class, is a class of multi-mission guided missile frigates, in service with the Pakistan Navy. The class is based on an updated model of the Chinese design, the Type 053H3. The frigates were designed and built jointly in Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding in China and the KS&EW Ltd. in Pakistan.
The Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited is a major defence contractor and shipbuilding company situated in the West Wharf in Karachi, Sindh in Pakistan.
Admiral Abdul Aziz MirzaNI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt LoM LoH was a Pakistan Navy officer who served as the Chief of Naval Staff from 1999 until retiring in 2002, amid taking over the command of the Navy after the revolt and resignation Admiral Fasih Bokhari over the appointment of Chairman joint chiefs.
PNS/M Hashmat (S-135) is the lead ship of Hashmat-class diesel-electric submarine based on the French Agosta-70-class design.
PNS/M Saad (S-138) is a fast-attack submarine powered with an air-independent propulsion system and the second of the Agosta-90B/Khalid-class submarines jointly designed and constructed by France and Pakistan.
Admiral Saeed Mohammad KhanNI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt LoM, was a Pakistan Navy officer who served as the Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) of the Pakistan Navy from 9 November 1991 until retiring from his military service on 9 November 1994. After his retirement, he briefly served as the Pakistan Ambassador to the Netherlands, having been appointed by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in the 1990s.
PNS/M Khalid (S-137), is a diesel-electric fast-attack submarine equipped with an air–independent propulsion system and the lead ship of her class active since her commissioning in the Navy in 1999.
PNS/M Hamza (S-139) is a fast-attack submarine powered with an air-independent propulsion system and the third submarine of her Agosta 90B/Khalid-class submarine. She was designed and constructed by the KSEW Ltd. under the technology transfer agreement with France in 1994.
The Karachi affair, otherwise known as Agosta Submarine scandal, was a major military scandal that took place in the second administration of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, involving the presidencies of François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac in 1992–97.
Military exercises are conducted by the Pakistan Armed Forces to increase combat readiness, and to identify problems in logistics, training, and current military doctrine. They also test the ability of units to work together. Lastly, they act as a visible expression of military might, which acts as a deterrent to potential enemy action. An important component of each exercise is the after-action assessment. Since 1989 the four branches services have increasingly begun coordinated exercises.
INS Kalvari (S21) is the first of the six indigenous Scorpène-class submarines currently in service with the Indian Navy. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine which is designed by DCNS and was manufactured at Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.
Abaidullah Khan, known as A. U. Khan, HI(m), SBt, SJ, was a three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, and later a bureaucrat who played a crucial role in procuring and technology transfer of the air-independent propulsion-based Agosta 90Bravo class submarine from France in 1994–1997.
PNS/M Ghazi (S-134), formerly known as NRP Cachalote (S165), was a diesel-electric submarine that served in the Pakistan Navy from 1975 until decommissioned in 2006. Based on the French Daphné-class design, she was built in Portugal with French assistance as a member of the Albacora class and had served in the Portuguese Navy before being purchased by Pakistan in 1977. In the service with Pakistan Navy, she was the only ship of her Albacora class in the Submarine Command.
PNS/M Shushuk (S132), was a Hangor-class diesel-electric submarine based on the French Daphné-class design. She was designed, built, and commissioned at Toulon, France. She was in service from 12 January 1970 until 2 January 2006.
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