PSCA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aliases | PSCA , PRO232, prostate stem cell antigen, lncPSCA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 602470 MGI: 1919623 HomoloGene: 4150 GeneCards: PSCA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Prostate stem cell antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSCA gene. [5] [6]
This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell membrane glycoprotein. In addition to being highly expressed in the prostate it is also expressed in the bladder, placenta, colon, kidney, and stomach. This gene has a nonsynonymous nucleotide polymorphism at its start codon. [6]
This gene is up-regulated in a large proportion of prostate cancers and is also detected in cancers of the bladder and pancreas. [6]
A study reviewing the potential role of PSCA proposed that expression of the gene is regulated through the androgen receptor complex. [7] The proteins translated from the gene, is then glycosylated in the ER, and transported to the cell membrane where it is connected to a lipid. [7] This results in the formation of a GPI-anchored proteins, these proteins can be often secreted by cells or play a role in cell signaling. While, the ligand activating PSCA or the downstream physiological role has not yet been determined, because of its mechanism and over expression in prostate cancer cells, PSCA can potentially serve as a biomarker for detecting cancer. [8]
Homeobox protein Nkx-3.1, also known as NKX3-1, NKX3, BAPX2, NKX3A and NKX3.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX3-1 gene located on chromosome 8p. NKX3-1 is a prostatic tumor suppressor gene.
Flap endonuclease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FEN1 gene.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), also known as CD326 among other names, is a transmembrane glycoprotein mediating Ca2+-independent homotypic cell–cell adhesion in epithelia. EpCAM is also involved in cell signaling, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Additionally, EpCAM has oncogenic potential via its capacity to upregulate c-myc, e-fabp, and cyclins A & E. Since EpCAM is expressed exclusively in epithelia and epithelial-derived neoplasms, EpCAM can be used as diagnostic marker for various cancers. It appears to play a role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of carcinomas, so it can also act as a potential prognostic marker and as a potential target for immunotherapeutic strategies.
Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KLK4 gene.
Protein melan-A also known as melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 or MART-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLANA or "MALENA" gene. A fragment of the protein, usually consisting of the nine amino acids 27 to 35, is bound by MHC class I complexes which present it to T cells of the immune system. These complexes can be found on the surface of melanoma cells. Decameric peptides (26-35) are being investigated as cancer vaccines.
Protein UXT also known as androgen receptor trapped clone 27 (ART-27) protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UXT gene.
SAM pointed domain-containing Ets transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPDEF gene.
Kallikrein-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK8 gene.
Olfactory receptor 51E2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR51E2 gene.
40S ribosomal protein S8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS8 gene.
TCR gamma alternate reading frame protein, also known as TARP, is a human gene.
Melanoma-associated antigen 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA11 gene. It is also involved in the androgen and progesterone receptor signaling pathways.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MAK is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAK gene.
Protein FAM60A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM60A gene. The expression of FAM60A gene is higher in KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer.
Matrix metalloproteinase-24 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP24 gene.
Metalloreductase STEAP1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STEAP1 gene.
Metalloreductase STEAP2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STEAP2 gene.
Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM4 gene.
Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-alpha (HNF-3A), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXA1 gene.
Owen Witte is an American physician-scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is a distinguished professor of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics in the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, founding director of the UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and the UC Regents’ David Saxon Presidential Chair in developmental immunology (1989–present). Witte is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator (1986–present) and a member of the President's Cancer Panel. He also served on the Life Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2013.