Mantophasmatidae is a family of carnivorous wingless insects within the monotypic order Mantophasmatodea, which was discovered in Africa in 2001. Recent evidence indicates a sister group relationship with Grylloblattidae, and Arillo and Engel have combined the two groups into a single order, Notoptera, with Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea ranked as suborders.
Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of mountains and the edges of glaciers. It is the only member of Grylloblattodea, which is generally considered an order. Alternatively, Grylloblattodea, along with Mantophasmatodea, have been ranked as suborders of the order Notoptera. Grylloblattids are wingless insects mostly less than 3 cm long, with a head resembling that of a cockroach, with long antennae and having elongated cerci arising from the tip of their abdomen. They cannot tolerate warmth and many species have small distribution ranges.
Sphaeropsocidae is a family of Psocodea, belonging to the suborder Troctomorpha. Females of this family have reduced, beetle-like elytra, and lack hindwings, with males have either small or absent wings. The family comprises 22 known species in eight genera.
Notoptera, also known as Xenonomia is a clade of insects belonging to Polyneoptera. It contains two living groups, Mantophasmatidae (gladiators) native to southern Africa, and Grylloblattidae native to cold montane environments in the Northern Hemisphere. Both groups are wingless.
Hylaeamys tatei, also known as Tate's oryzomys or Tate's rice rat, is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is known only from the eastern foothills of the Andes in central Ecuador, where it has been found at elevations from 1130 to 1520 m. H. tatei is most closely related to H. yunganus, which occurs throughout Amazonia. The species is found in tropical rainforest and is terrestrial and probably nocturnal. It is named after American zoologist George Henry Hamilton Tate.
Hylaeamys acritus, formerly Oryzomys acritus, is an oryzomyine rodent of the family Cricetidae. The name is derived from the Greek word ακριτος 'confused, doubtful', because it could easily be confused with species such as H. megacephalus and Euryoryzomys nitidus. It is known only from northeastern Bolivia; its type locality is within Noel Kempff Mercado National Park. The rodent is terrestrial and is found in moist lowland semideciduous forest and savanna. It has olive brown coloration on its back; the cheeks and flanks are amber, and the top of the head is dark. The coat is 9 mm long at the center of the torso. Chest fur between the front legs is thick and 3 to 4 mm long. Abdominal hairs are gray at the base and white at the top.
Grylloblatta campodeiformis, also known as the northern rock crawler, is an omnivorous species of insect in family Grylloblattidae. Like other species in the genus Grylloblatta, it is endemic to North America.
The cohort Polyneoptera is one of the major groups of winged insects, comprising the Orthoptera and all other neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. They were formerly grouped together with the Palaeoptera and Paraneoptera as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages. Many members of the group have leathery forewings (tegmina) and hindwings with an enlarged anal field (vannus).
Grylloblatta chintimini is a species of rock crawler in the family Grylloblattidae. It is found in the state of Oregon in the United States.
Grylloblatta bifratrilecta is a species of rock crawler in the family Grylloblattidae. It is found in North America, including Sonora Pass and Carson Pass in the Sierra Nevada.
Semenoviolidae is an extinct family of earwigs in the order Dermaptera. There are at least two genera and two described species in Semenoviolidae.
Turanodermatidae is an extinct family of earwigs in the order Dermaptera. There is one genus, Turanoderma, in Turanodermatidae.
Bajanzhargalanidae is an extinct family of winged polyneopteran insects, recorded from the Permian and Jurassic but not the Triassic. They are considered poorly known members of the "Grylloblattida", a poorly defined group of extinct insects thought to be related to modern ice crawlers (Grylloblattidae). There are at least four genera and about seven described species in Bajanzhargalanidae.
Gorochoviidae is an extinct family of rock crawlers in the order Grylloblattodea. There are at least three genera and about eight described species in Gorochoviidae.
Madygenophlebiidae is an extinct family of rock crawlers in the order Grylloblattodea. There are at least two genera and four described species in Madygenophlebiidae.
Grylloblattina is a genus of insects in the family Grylloblattidae. It is a monotypic genus consisting of the species Grylloblattina djakonovi.
Galloisiana chujoi is a species of cave-dwelling insect in the family Grylloblattidae that is endemic to southern Japan. Its type locality is Oninoiwaya Cave, Japan.
Galloisiana kiyosawai is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae that is endemic to Japan. Its type locality is Hirayu Warm Springs, Japan.
Galloisiana odaesanensis is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is Mount Odae in Gangwon Province, South Korea.
Galloisiana yezoensis is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae that is endemic to Japan. Its type locality is Miyazaki Pass, Japan.
