Palazzo Brera | |
---|---|
Alternative names | Palazzo di Brera |
General information | |
Address | via Brera 28 |
Town or city | Milan |
Country | Italy |
Coordinates | 45°28′20″N9°11′17″E / 45.47222°N 9.18806°E |
Construction started | circa 1615 |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Francesco Maria Richini |
Other designers |
Palazzo Brera or Palazzo di Brera is a monumental palace in Milan, in Lombardy in northern Italy. It was a Jesuit college for two hundred years. It now houses several cultural institutions including the Accademia di Brera, the art academy of the city, and its gallery, the Pinacoteca di Brera; the Orto Botanico di Brera, a botanical garden; an observatory, the Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera; the Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere, a learned society; and an important library, the Biblioteca di Brera.
The origins of the palace lie in a monastery built on the lands of Guercio da Baggio, who may have been consul between 1150 and 1188. Shortly before 1178 it passed into the hands of the Humiliati. [1] The church of Santa Maria in Brera (demolished in the 19th century) was built between 1180 and 1229; [2] : 251 a Gothic marble portal was added by the Pisan sculptor Giovanni di Balduccio between 1346 and 1348, [3] : 7 and there were frescoes by Giovanni da Milano, Vincenzo Foppa and Bernardino Luini. [2] : 251
After the suppression of the Humiliati by Pius V on 7 February 1571, the monastery became – at the request of Carlo Borromeo and with the approval of Gregory XIII – a Jesuit college. [1] This grew to some 3000 students, and more space was needed. Between 1573 and 1590 Martino Bassi was engaged to design a new building on the lines of the Collegio Borromeo in Pavia. [3] : 8 The present palace was built to designs of Francesco Maria Richini from about 1615. [2] : 251 Work began in 1627, but was interrupted by the plague outbreak of 1630, and was resumed only in 1651; after Richini died in 1658, it was continued by his son Gian Domenico. [3] : 8
Following the suppression of the Jesuits by Clement XIV on 21 July 1773, the palace passed to the then rulers of northern Italy, the Austrian Habsburg dynasty. [1] In 1780 Giuseppe Piermarini completed the inner courtyard and built the imposing entrance from via Brera. [2] : 252
The church of Santa Maria in Brera was deconsecrated in 1806. [4] After the Napoleonic suppression of the convents in the early 19th century, the façade was torn down, and the nave of the church was divided horizontally; the upper floor became the Napoleonic rooms of the art gallery of the Accademia, and the lower floor housed the sculptures of the museum of antiquities. [2] : 252
In 1859 a bronze copy of Antonio Canova's statue of Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker , cast in Rome in 1811 by Francesco Righetti and his son Luigi, [5] : 266 [6] : 200 was placed at the centre of the courtyard of the palace. [2] : 252
From 1773 the palace became home to a number of cultural, scientific and artistic institutions. The Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera was founded nine years earlier, in 1764, by the Jesuit Ruggero Boscovich. [7] Maria Theresa of Austria established the Regia Biblioteca Braidense in 1773, expanded the existing Jesuit herb garden into the Orto Botanico di Brera from 1774, and founded the Reale Accademia di Belle Arti in 1776. [1] The palace also housed the Scuole Palatine for philosophy and law, the Gymnasium, laboratories for physics and chemistry, and the Società Patriottica, an agricultural society. [2] : 249
The picture gallery of the accademia, now the Pinacoteca di Brera, was started in 1806, in Napoleonic times. [2] : 249 In 1810 a learned society, the Istituto Reale di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, founded by Napoleon in Bologna in 1797 as the Istituto Nazionale della Repubblica Cisalpina, was moved to Palazzo Brera; it is now the Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere. [8]
The Brera Observatory is an astronomical observatory in the Brera district of Milan, Italy. It was built in the historic Palazzo Brera in 1764 by the Jesuit astronomer Roger Boscovich. Following the suppression of the Jesuits by Clement XIV on 21 July 1773, the palace and the observatory passed to the then rulers of northern Italy, the Austrian Habsburg dynasty.
The Accademia Carrara,, officially Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo, is an art gallery and an academy of fine arts in Bergamo, in Lombardy in northern Italy. The art gallery was established in about 1780 by Giacomo Carrara, a Bergamasco collector or conoscitore of the arts. The academy of fine arts was added to it in 1794. The school was recognised by the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, the Italian ministry of education, in 1988 and in 2023 merged with the Conservatorio Gaetano Donizetti to form the Politecnico delle Arti di Bergamo.
Antonio Cavallucci was an eighteenth-century Italian painter of religious scenes and portraits.
The Pinacoteca di Brera is the main public gallery for paintings in Milan, Italy. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian paintings from the 13th to the 20th century, an outgrowth of the cultural program of the Brera Academy, which shares the site in the Palazzo Brera.
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna is a public tertiary academy of fine art in Bologna, in Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy. It has a campus in Cesena.
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera, also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy. It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni. In 2018 it was announced that Caserma Magenta was no longer a viable option, with the former railway yard in Via Farini now under consideration as a potential venue for the campus extension.
Giuseppe Piermarini was an Italian architect who trained with Luigi Vanvitelli in Naples and designed the Teatro alla Scala in Milan (1776–78), which remains the work by which he is remembered. Indeed, il Piermarini serves as an occasional journalistic synonym for the celebrated opera house. Piermarini was appointed professor in the Academy of Fine Arts of Brera, better known as Brera Academy, Milan, when it was formally founded in 1776.
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The Orto Botanico di Brera is a botanical garden located behind Palazzo Brera at Via Brera 28 in the center of Milan, Lombardy, Italy, and operated by the Istituto di Fisica Generale Applicata of the University of Milan. It is open weekdays without charge.
Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker is a colossal heroic nude statue by the Italian artist Antonio Canova, of Napoleon I of France in the guise of the Roman god Mars. He holds a gilded Nike or Victory standing on an orb in his right hand and a staff in his left. It was produced between 1802 and 1806 and stands 3.45 metres to the raised left hand. Once on display in the Louvre in Paris, it was purchased from Louis XVIII in 1816 by the British government, which granted it to the Duke of Wellington. It is now on display in Robert Adam's stairwell at the Duke's London residence, Apsley House.
The National Art Gallery of Bologna is a museum in Bologna, Italy. It is located in the former Saint Ignatius Jesuit novitiate of the city's University district, and inside the same building that houses the Academy of Fine Arts. The museum offers a wide collection of Emilian paintings from the 13th to the 18th century and other fundamental works by artists who were in some way related to the city.
Luigi Bisi was an Italian architect and painter. He was the most notable member of an artistic family.
The Zone 1 of Milan, since 2016 officially Municipality 1 of Milan, is one of the 9 administrative divisions of Milan, Italy.
Enrico Bartezago was an Italian painter, active in Milan, painting genre scenes, Portraits, and watercolors. In the exhibition of Paris of 1878, he displayed L' aia d' una fattoria lombarda. At the Mostra di Venezia of 1887, he exhibited La scimmia. Other works include Mercato a Varallo and Nemici. In 1891–92, he won the Mylius prize from the Academy at Milan for genre painting for his Alpine Pennine.
Accademia often refers to:
The Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (IVSLA) is an academy of sciences in Venice.
Santa Maria in Brera was a church in Milan, in Lombardy in northern Italy. It was built by the Humiliati between 1180 and 1229, given a marble façade and Gothic portal by Giovanni di Balduccio in the fourteenth century, and deconsecrated and partly demolished under Napoleonic rule in the early nineteenth century. The Napoleonic rooms of the Pinacoteca di Brera occupy the upper floor of what was the nave.
The Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere is an Italian academy founded by Napoleon in 1797. At the time of the foundation the Istituto was an institution of the Cisalpine Republic and its name was Istituto Nazionale della Repubblica Cisalpina.
Federigo, Vincenzo Antonio, Ludovico Zuccari was an Italian astronomer, professor of Astronomy at the Naples University, professor of Mathematical Geography at the Military Academy of Naples and director of the Astronomical Observatory of Naples.
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