| Paroedura spelaea | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | Paroedura |
| Species: | P. spelaea |
| Binomial name | |
| Paroedura spelaea Glaw, Kohler, & Vences, 2018 | |
Paroedura spelaea is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. [1]
The northern cavefish or northern blindfish, Amblyopsis spelaea, is found in caves through Kentucky and southern Indiana. It is listed as a threatened species in the United States and the IUCN lists the species as near threatened.
Paroedura is a genus of geckos, endemic to Madagascar and the Comoros. These geckos are typically terrestrial, though the young of most species can climb until they are too heavy for their feet to support.
Panthera spelaea, also known as the Eurasian cave lion, European cave lion or steppe lion, is an extinct Panthera species that most likely evolved in Europe after the third Cromerian interglacial stage, less than 600,000 years ago. Phylogenetic analysis of fossil bone samples revealed that it was highly distinct and genetically isolated from the modern lion occurring in Africa and Central Asia. Analysis of morphological differences and mitochondrial data support the taxonomic recognition of Panthera spelaea as a distinct species that genetically diverged from the lion about 1.9 million years ago. Nuclear genomic evidence shows a more recent split approximately 500,000 years ago, with no subsequent interbreeding with the ancestors of the modern lion. The oldest known bone fragments were excavated in Yakutia and radiocarbon dated at least 62,400 years old. It became extinct about 13,000 years ago.
The American lion, also known as the "North American lion", or "American cave lion", is an extinct pantherine cat that lived in North America during the Pleistocene epoch and the early Holocene epoch, about 340,000 to 11,000 years ago. Its fossils have been excavated from Alaska to Mexico. Genetic analysis has shown that the American lion and the Late Pleistocene Eurasian cave lion are sister lineages. It was about 25% larger than the modern lion, making it one of the largest known felids.
The history of lions in Europe is based on fossils of Pleistocene and Holocene lions excavated in Europe since the early 19th century. The first lion fossil was excavated in southern Germany, and described by Georg August Goldfuss using the scientific name Felis spelaea. It probably dates to the Würm glaciation, and is 191,000 to 57,000 years old. Older lion skull fragments were excavated in Germany and described by Wilhelm von Reichenau under Felis fossilis in 1906. These are estimated at between 621,000 and 533,000 years old. The modern lion inhabited parts of Southern Europe since the early Holocene.
Eonycteris is a genus of megabats found in Asia. They are the only members of the tribe Eonycterini. Species within this genus are:
Panthera leo fossilis is a fossil cat of the genus Panthera, which was first excavated near Mauer in Germany, and lived during the Upper Pleistocene. Bone fragments of P. l. fossilis were also excavated near Pakefield in the United Kingdom, which are estimated at 680,000 years old. Bone fragments excavated near Isernia in Italy are estimated at between 600,000 and 620,000 years old. The first Asian record of a fossilis lion was found in the Kuznetsk Basin in western Siberia and dates to the late Early Pleistocene.
Cave lions are large extinct carnivorous felids that are classified either as subspecies of the lion, or as distinct but closely related species, depending on the authority.
The cave nectar bat, dawn bat, common dawn bat, common nectar bat or lesser dawn bat is a species of megabat within the genus Eonycteris. The scientific name of the species was first published by Dobson in 1871.
Paroedura masobe is an endangered species of reptile. This species is endemic to Madagascar, where it is known from low elevation sites in the north of the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor. The extent of occurrence is currently 410 km2 (160 sq mi), however, due to the scarcity of suitable habitat between the known sites its true distributional extent within this area is likely to be below 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi). It occurs from 300 to 600 metres. The animal likes the habitats in low elevation and humid forests.
Ronald Archie Nussbaum is an American herpetologist. He works with evolutionary biology and ecology of amphibians and reptiles, including systematics of caecilians and salamanders. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Michigan.
Mocquard's Madagascar ground gecko is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Madagascar.
Paroedura karstophila is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae.It is described from Montagne des Français, a karstic limestone massif in the far north of Madagascar recently established as nature reserve. The new species has the nostril in contact with the rostral scale and shares many characters with P. karstophila and especially with P. homalorhina which are also restricted to karstic habitats. Paroedura hordiesi differs from P. karstophila by a smoother skin on dorsum and legs, by original and regenerated tails being both entirely smooth, by colouration, and by larger snout-vent length. Morphologically the new species is most similar to P. homalorhina from the Ankarana reserve from which it can be distinguished by shorter limbs and a less slender habitus. Published molecular data place the new species as close relative of P. homalorhina and another undescribed species from Nosy Hara Island, while newly determined data of the cox1 gene for P. karstophila confirm the distinctness of the new species from this taxon. Integrating the information from published and novel molecular data, the new species differs from all nominal Paroedura by strong genetic divergences. P. hordiesi might be another microendemic species of the Montagne des Français region. We suggest its IUCN Red List classification as “Critically Endangered” on the basis that it has an extent of occurrence of at most 50 km², it is known from a single location, and there is a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat. It is endemic to Madagascar.
The Nosy Be ground gecko is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.
The Comoro ground gecko is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to the Comoro Islands.
Paroedura stumpffi is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Madagascar.
Paroedura tanjaka is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.
Paroedura vahiny is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.
Paroedura neglecta is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.
Paroedura guibeae, Guibé's ground gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.