Pauly & C. – Compagnia Venezia Murano

Last updated
Entry of Pauly in Venice. Venice - Privat bridge 01.jpg
Entry of Pauly in Venice.

Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano is one of the oldest glass factories of Murano: it was founded more than 150 years ago. The company produces glass art, [1] most notably Roman murrine, mosaics and chandeliers.

Contents

The company was formed in 1919 by a merger of Pauly & C (founded in 1902) and the Compagnia di Venezia e Murano (founded in 1866). It has since expanded in 1932 with the acquisition of MVM Cappellin & C. along with its drawings and back catalogues. In 1990, the company also acquired Toso Vetri d’Arte glassworks. The company maintains retail showrooms as well as exhibiting antiques. [2] [3]

Two generations of famous master glassmakers were formed in the glass factory of Pauly & C. - Compagnia di Venezia e Murano. At a later time, they split off from it in order to establish their own ones and the main labels of Murano glass such as Barovier, Seguso, Toso.

History: the Origins

Compagnia di Venezia e Murano

CVM - Compagnia di Venezia e Murano began as Salviati &C. in London in 1866 under the direction of Vicenza attorney Antonio Salviati and with the backing of two British men: archaeologist Austen Henry Layard and antiquarian Sir William Drake. The company was dedicated to using ancient techniques and utilized master glassblowers in its efforts to do so. It called in specialists from other fields like goldsmithing and engraving to ensure authenticity and employed artist Giuseppe Devers to teach the techniques of enamelling and heat-applied glass gilding to company artisans. Archaeologist Layard was particularly interested in the mosaic glass techniques of Roman and pre-Roman artists, and he spent years personally overseeing the work of the company's technicians and glassblowers in attempting to revive those techniques. In 1872, the company was successful, managing to replicate the type of glass commonly known as "murrina" (plural, "murrine" [4] ). [5]

The company was renamed Venice & Murano Glass and Mosaic Co. Ltd, known more simply CVM - Company of Venice and Murano in 1872, and, in 1877, Layard purchased Salviati's interest so that Salviati could pursue other interests. [6] The company quickly earned a reputation for quality original glass art and reproductions as well as its many mural mosaics in Great Britain and elsewhere in Europe. [7] In 1878, the murrine produced by Compagnia di Venezia e Murano was included in its exhibit at the International Exhibition in Paris, which was the chief attraction in Italian glass. [8] In its observations of the display, the United States Commission to the Paris exposition commented not only on "Roman murrhine glass", but also particularly on the mural glass mosaics, the "perfection of which" had "engaged the earnest attention of the company." [9] Mosaics produced by the company during the time period are still in existence in diverse areas such as Gonville and Caius College Chapel in Cambridge; St Paul's Within the Walls in Rome, the Victoria and Albert Museum, Westminster Cathedral in London, Old South Church in Boston the Chamberlain Memorial in Birmingham, Palazzo Barbarigo and the Senate House rooms in the United States. The last specimen, a portrait of Abraham Lincoln, was produced and donated in 1866.

Through the last years of the 19th century, CVM - Compagnia di Venezia e Murano took part in many other displays. Prior to the 1878 exhibition in Paris, it had shown at the Maritime Exhibition in Naples and the Trieste Exhibition in 1871 and at the International Exhibition in Vienna in 1873, where it won 13 prizes for decorative arts. It unveiled a new focus in 1881 with the display of the first of its glass phoenixes at the National Exhibition in Milan. It exported several thousand works for display at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, also setting up a kiln so that the public could observe the company's glass blowing techniques. In 1895, it exhibited at the first Venice Biennale (an event at which it would also feature later), with artisan Vincenzo Moretti taking prizes and artisan Attilio Spaccarelli earning special note for his engraving.

1900 saw a change in the company when its British owners sold their interest to a businessman from Venice named Tosolini, who was the owner of shops in St. Mark's Square. Under Tosoloni's ownership, the company stopped production in 1909, though it continued commercial distribution at St. Mark's Square.

Merger with Pauly & C

Ponte dei Consorzi, front entry of Palazzo Cappello Trevisan in Venice. Ponte dei consorzi.JPG
Ponte dei Consorzi, front entry of Palazzo Cappello Trevisan in Venice.

Pauly & C was formed in 1903 by Emilio Pauly, Alessandro Hirscber Hellman, Vittorio Emanuele Toldo and Ernesto Graziadei, opening showrooms in Palazzo Trevisan Cappello, which would remain the headquarters of the company until its closure in 2007 for restoration. In 1919, Pauly & C. and Compagnia di Venezia e Murano were both purchased by the Milan Società Anonima Sanitaria, which resold them the following year to Gaetano Ceschina of Milan. The newly merged company, retitled to its present name, continued display in its previous locations of St. Mark's Square and the Palazzo Trevisan Cappello. In 1925, the merged company resumed production of glassworks on Murano and began exhibiting again at the Monza Tirennale.

Post-merger growth and development

The company grew in 1933 with the acquisition of Maestri Vetrai Muranesi Cappellin, or MVM Cappellin, a glass company formed in 1925 by Paolo Venini and Giacomo Cappellin, which transferred to them rights to the works and designs of the MVM Cappellin artists such as Vittorio Zecchin and Carlo Scarpa. The company expanded into commissioned chandeliers, with notable pieces from the period being placed in such locations as the Palazzo del Quirinale in Rome; the Vatican Palace, and the Royal Palace in Copenhagen. More recently, interior lighting has been designed for such places as the Palazzo Bezzi in Ravenna and the Al Assawi family palace. In 1990, the company again expanded with the acquisition of Toso Vetri d’Arte glassworks.

The new century

Ceschina sold his interest in the company in 1963 to the Barbon family, who retained it until 1976, when they sold to Andrea Boscaro. Boscaro owned the company for almost 30 years before 2005.

In December 2018, Pauly 1866, MVM Cappellin, e C.V.M. Compagnia Venezia Murano were acquired by the Venetian company iDOGI, which works in the field of the artistic glass for over half a century.

Artistic associations

The company has a long history of association with international artisans. In the period following the second World War, the company undertook long-term associations with master glassblowers Anzolo Fuga and Alfredo Barbini, engraver Francesco Andolfato and painter Enzo Scarpa. Shorter associations include sculptor Napoleone Martinuzzi in the 1960s, painter Libero Vitali in 1971, architect Franz Prati between 1996 and 1997, and fashion designer Romeo Gigli in 1997. In the later 1990s, the company also featured exclusive designs by Heinz Oestergaard, Maria Teresa Lorella Gnutti and Berit Johansson, whose association with the company persisted. Since the turn of the century, associations have included Venetian sculptor Livio de Marchi and Chinese artist Xiao Fan Ru.

Museum display

Glass art produced by Pauly & C. – Compagnia Venezia Murano is on display in a number of museums. Among them:

Quotes

"The human gestures around those elegant creatures of fire, breath and iron were extraordinarily agile and light, like the gestures of a silent dance."

In this passage of "Il fuoco", D'Annunzio writes about one of his trips to the Pauly & C. | CVM glassworks, which he had visited years before to see his friend, the master glassblower Isidoro Seguso.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Austen Henry Layard</span> English archaeologist and politician (1817–1894)

Sir Austen Henry Layard was an English Assyriologist, traveller, cuneiformist, art historian, draughtsman, collector, politician and diplomat. He was born to a mostly English family in Paris and largely raised in Italy. He is best known as the excavator of Nimrud and of Nineveh, where he uncovered a large proportion of the Assyrian palace reliefs known, and in 1851 the library of Ashurbanipal. Most of his finds are now in the British Museum. He made a large amount of money from his best-selling accounts of his excavations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murano</span> Series of islands in the Venetian Lagoon, Italy

Murano is a series of islands linked by bridges in the Venetian Lagoon, northern Italy. It lies about 1.5 km (1 mi) north of Venice and measures about 1.5 km (1 mi) across with a population of just over 5,000. It is famous for its glass making. It was once an independent comune, but is now a frazione of the comune of Venice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carlo Scarpa</span> Italian architect

Carlo Scarpa was an Italian architect and designer. He was influenced by the materials, landscape, and history of Venetian culture, as well as that of Japan. Scarpa translated his interests in history, regionalism, invention, and the techniques of the artist and craftsman into ingenious glass and furniture design.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palazzo Barbarigo</span>

Palazzo Barbarigo is a palace situated facing the Grand Canal of Venice, Italy. It is not to be confused with the Palazzo Barbarigo Minotto and Palazzo Barbarigo della Terrazza, both also on the Grand Canal, and other palazzi, and several villas, once owned by the Barbarigo family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonio Salviati</span> Italian glass manufacturer

Antonio Salviati was an Italian glass manufacturer and founder of the Salviati family firm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Millefiori</span> Glasswork technique

Millefiori is a glasswork technique which produces distinctive decorative patterns on glassware. The term millefiori is a combination of the Italian words "mille" (thousand) and "fiori" (flowers). Apsley Pellatt in his book Curiosities of Glass Making was the first to use the term "millefiori", which appeared in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1849; prior to that, the beads were called mosaic beads. While the use of this technique long precedes the term "millefiori", it is now most frequently associated with Venetian glassware.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venetian glass</span> Glassmaking tradition from Venice, Italy

Venetian glass is glassware made in Venice, typically on the island of Murano near the city. Traditionally it is made with a soda–lime "metal" and is typically elaborately decorated, with various "hot" glass-forming techniques, as well as gilding, enamel, or engraving. Production has been concentrated on the Venetian island of Murano since the 13th century. Today Murano is known for its art glass, but it has a long history of innovations in glassmaking in addition to its artistic fame—and was Europe's major center for luxury glass from the High Middle Ages to the Italian Renaissance. During the 15th century, Murano glassmakers created cristallo—which was almost transparent and considered the finest glass in the world. Murano glassmakers also developed a white-colored glass that looked like porcelain. They later became Europe's finest makers of mirrors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lino Tagliapietra</span>

Lino Tagliapietra is an Italian glass artist originally from Venice, who has also worked extensively in the United States. As a teacher and mentor, he has played a key role in the international exchange of glassblowing processes and techniques between the principal American centers and his native Murano, "but his influence is also apparent in China, Japan, and Australia—and filters far beyond any political or geographic boundaries."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salviati (glassmakers)</span>

A family called Salviati were glass makers and mosaicists in Murano, Venice and also in London, working as the firm Salviati, Jesurum & Co. of 213 Regent Street, London; also as Salviati and Co. and later as the Venice and Murano Glass and Mosaic Company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palazzo Grimani di Santa Maria Formosa</span>

The Palazzo Grimani of Santa Maria Formosa is a State museum, located in Venice in the Castello district, near Campo Santa Maria Formosa.

Alfredo Barbini, a glass artist born in 1912 on the islands of Murano in the lagoon of Venice, Italy, was one of Murano's leading figures of the twentieth century. His parents were members of families which had been prominent in the glassmaking industry on Murano for generations as glassblowers and beadmakers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paolo Venini</span> Italian designer, glass artist, and entrepreneur

Paolo Venini emerged as one of the leading figures in the production of Murano glass and an important contributor to twentieth century Italian design. He is known for having founded the eponymous Venini & C. glassworks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barovier & Toso</span> Glassmaking company of Venice, Italy

Barovier & Toso is an Italian company that specializes in Venetian glass.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murano Glass Museum</span> Museum on the history of glass in Murano, Italy

The Murano Glass Museum is a museum on the history of glass, including local Murano glass, located on the island of Murano, just north of Venice, Italy.

Glasstress is a recurring exhibition that brings together art by contemporary artists made with glass. Launched in 2009 as a collateral exhibition of the Venice Biennale of Arts by Adriano Berengo as a way of showcasing the works produced by Berengo Studio, it has since had editions take place in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palazzo Cappello Layard</span> Palace in Venice, Italy

The Palazzo or Ca' Cappello Layard is a palace situated in the sestiere of San Polo of Venice, Italy, overlooking the Grand Canal at the confluence between this and the smaller Rio di San Polo and Rio delle Erbe. On the Grand canal, it is located between Palazzo Barbarigo della Terrazza and Palazzo Grimani Marcello. It is particularly noteworthy for having been the residence of Austen Henry Layard, discoverer of Nineveh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marie Angliviel de la Beaumelle</span> French-Italian glass maker (1963–2013)

Marie Brandolini d'Adda di Valmareno was a French-Italian glass maker.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gianmaria Potenza</span> Italian artist (born 1936)

Gianmaria Potenza is an Italian artist born in Venice living and working in Venice, Italy.

Marietta Barovier, was a Venetian glass artist.

Elena de Laudo, was a Venetian glass artist.

References

  1. Garner, Philippe (1982). Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. Galahad Books. p.  231. ISBN   0-88365-641-8.
  2. McFadden, David Revere; Susan Sacks; Marino Barovier; Susanne K. Frantz (2000). Venetian Glass: The Nancy Olnick and Giorgio Spanu Collection. American Craft Museum. ISBN   9788881582969 . Retrieved 2008-12-16. Pauly & C., a Venetian retail showroom, always affixed its own label...
  3. Murphy, Bruce; Allexandra de Rosa (2007). Italy for Dummies. For Dummies. p. 342. ISBN   978-0-470-06932-5. ...visit the company headquarters on Rio di Palazzo, where you'll see a large collection of antiques and high-quality copies of ancient models.
  4. Lynn, Martha Drexler (2004). American Studio Glass, 1960-1990: An Interpretive Study. Hudson Hills. p. 162. ISBN   1-55595-239-9.
  5. G. M. Urbani de Ghheltof (1884). Il Museo vetrario di Murano e la annessa Scuola di disegno negli anni 1882-1884. Premiato Stab. Tip.-Lit. dell'Emporio. p. 12.
  6. Jervis, Simon; Albert Museum (1987). Art & design in Europe and America, 1800-1900. E.P. Dutton. p. 224. ISBN   0-525-48352-7.
  7. Blake, 238, 241.
  8. Blake, 238.
  9. Blake, 241.

Sources