Burmese glass is a type of opaque colored art glass, shading from yellow, blue or green to pink.[1] It is found in either the rare original "shiny" finish or the more common "satin" finish. It is used for table glass and small, ornamental vases and dressing table articles.
It was made in 1885 by the Mount Washington Glass Company of New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.[1]Burmese glass found favor with Queen Victoria. From 1886, the British company of Thomas Webb & Sons was licensed to produce the glass.[1] Their version, known as Queen's Burmeseware, which was used for tableware and decorative glass, often with painted decoration. Burmese was also made after 1970 by the Fenton art glass company.[2]
Burmese was originally a uranium glass. The original formula to produce Burmese Glass contained uranium oxide with tincture of gold added.[1] The uranium oxide produced the inherent soft yellow color of Burmese glass. Because of the added gold, the characteristic pink blush of color of Burmese was fashioned by re-heating the object in the furnace (the "Glory Hole").[further explanation needed] The length of time in the furnace will determine the intensity of the color. Strangely, if the object is subjected to the heat again, it will return to the original yellow color[citation needed].
In the 1980s, Fenton Glass Company began producing a product it called “Blue Burmese”,[3] based on a formula developed in 1886 by chemist Frederick Shirley of the Mt. Washington Glass Company. Shirley's formula substituted cobalt and/or copper oxide[4] for uranium oxide, producing pale blue glasses rather than the original pale yellow. Mt Washington Glass Company had referred to its similarly coloured glasses, made of ruby glass with added cobalt, as "Peachblow" or "Peach Skin"; it was not commercially successful.[5][6]
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Glass coloring and color marking may be obtained in several ways.
by the addition of coloring ions,
by precipitation of nanometer-sized colloids, Ancient Roman enamelled glass, 1st century, Treasure of Begram
by colored inclusions
by light scattering
by dichroic coatings, or
by colored coatings
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The New Martinsville Glass Company was an American manufacturer of decorative glass products. It opened in 1901 in New Martinsville, West Virginia. The company was renowned for the use of color in their glassware. They initially made tableware but quickly expanded into vanities, bare ware, lamps, and more. They promoted liquor sets even through prohibition. The company was renamed Viking Glass in 1944.
Ianbruceite is a rare hydrated zinc arsenate with the formula [Zn2(OH)(H2O)(AsO4)](H2O)2; material from the Driggith mine has traces of cobalt. It was first discovered at Tsumeb, approved by the International Mineralogical Association as a new mineral species in 2011, reference IMA2011-49, and named for Ian Bruce, who founded "Crystal Classics" in the early 1990s, and was heavily involved in attempts to reopen the famous Tsumeb mine for specimen mining. In 2013 new occurrences of ianbruceite were reported from the neighbouring Driggith and Potts Gill mines on High Pike in the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England. Here the mineral is probably a post-mining product. Caldbeck Fells and Tsumeb are the only reported localities for ianbruceite to date (May 2013).
Pairpoint Glass Company is an American glass manufacturer based in Sagamore, Massachusetts. It is currently the oldest operating glass company in the United States.
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