Penalty run

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In cricket, a penalty run is a type of extra. It is a run awarded to one team for various breaches of the Laws by the other team, generally related to unfair play or player conduct. Many of these penalties have been added since 2000. Penalties are awarded under Law 41 for Unfair Play [1] and, since 2017 under Law 42 for Players' Conduct [2]

Contents

It has been suggested that penalty runs could be imposed for slow over rates. [3]

History

The 1798 Laws of Cricket introduced a new law that stated 'that a penalty of five runs would be awarded to the batting side "if the fieldsman stops a ball with his hat"'. [4] The current laws have a direct equivalent, under Law 28, with the same penalty.

Penalty runs awarded under Law 28 The Fielder

Five penalty runs are awarded to the batting team if: [5]

  1. On 12 September 2002 in Colombo, Pakistan were awarded five penalty runs after Rashid Latif's delivery hit Sri Lankan wicket-keeper Kumar Sangakkara's helmet. [6]
  2. On 3 January 2010 in Cape Town, South Africa were awarded five penalty runs after Graeme Swann's delivery hit English wicket-keeper Matt Prior's helmet. [7]
  3. On 22 October 2016 in Chittagong, England were awarded five penalty runs after Shakib Al Hasan's delivery hit Bangladeshi wicketkeeper Mushfiqur Rahim's helmet.
  4. On 8 January 2018 in Sydney (2018 Ashes; 5th Test), England were awarded five penalty runs after the ball from Nathan Lyon to batsman Tom Curran passed the wicketkeeper and hit a helmet.
  5. On 24 October 2022 in Hobart (2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup, 18th Match), Zimbabwe was awarded five penalty runs after the ball touched the glove of de Kock when Lungi Ngidi threw back the ball to South African wicketkeeper Quinton de Kock while he had taken one of his gloves off it on the ground. [8]
  1. On 15 June 2017 in Edgbaston (ICC Champions Trophy; Semi-final), Bangladesh were awarded five penalty runs after the ball bounced off the strewn left glove in a run out attempt by Mahendra Singh Dhoni.
  2. On 10 Jun 2022 in Multan, Babar Azam was found illegally fielding using the wicket keeper's gloves (of Mohammad Rizwan) and West Indies was given five penalty runs.

Penalty runs awarded under Law 41 for Unfair Play

Penalty runs awarded to the batting team

Five penalty runs are awarded to the batting team if:

Penalty runs awarded to the fielding team

Five penalty runs are awarded to the fielding side if the batting team:

  1. On 15 November 2018 in Kandy, England were awarded five penalty runs after Sri Lanka were judged to have deliberately run a short run. [9]

The penalty runs are added to the fielding team's score in their previous innings, unless they have not yet batted, in which case the runs are added to their next innings.

Penalty runs awarded to either team

  1. On 20 August 2006 England were awarded five penalty runs for ball tampering after umpires Darrel Hair and Billy Doctrove judged, in the 56th over of the 4th day's play in the fourth Test Match at the Oval, London, that Pakistan had altered the condition of the ball. [10] Because that judgement implied that Pakistan had cheated, considerable fallout resulted. The judgement was overturned by the ICC Code of Conduct hearing 28 September 2006, which concluded that, "The charge of ball-tampering is therefore dismissed." [11] but that ruling could not and did not expunge the penalty runs recorded. [12]
  2. On 25 October 2013 in Dubai, Pakistan were awarded five penalty runs after Faf du Plessis rubbed the ball on a zipper of his trouser pocket which was deemed to be ball tampering. [13]

Penalty runs awarded under Law 42 for Players' Conduct

Under Law 42 [14] five penalty runs are awarded to either team if the umpire judges the conduct of their opponents unacceptable. For Level 1 offences the umpire will warn the offending team first, and award penalties on any repeat occurrence by the same team. After any Level 2, Level 3 ("yellow card") or Level 4 ("red card") offence, no warning is given before awarding penalty runs for the offence, or before awarding penalty runs for any subsequent Level 1 offence by the offending team.

Level 1 offences are:

Level 2 offences are:

Level 3 offences are:

Level 4 offences are:

Examples of some cases are rare in professional cricket to date. One reason for this is that such an award on the pitch by the umpires will be a judgement of a wilful act, and hence of cheating, which the umpires are unable to determine conclusively at the time, or prefer to be made by the Match Referee at more leisure. Some of the recent Law changes are specifically intended to curb deteriorating behaviour in recreational cricket and hence address the retention of umpires [15]

Umpire signal

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References

  1. ↑ "Law 41 - Unfair Play".
  2. ↑ "Law 42 - Players' Conduct". Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  3. ↑ "World Cricket Committee endorses run penalties to keep over-rates in check". Wisden. 12 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2020. "The committee feels that in-match five-run penalties would be the best deterrent to slow over rates," a statement said.
  4. ↑ Oslear, Don (2010). Wisden's The Laws Of Cricket. Random House. ISBN   9781446406717.
  5. ↑ "Law 28 - The Fielder" . Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  6. ↑ "Full Scorecard of Pakistan vs Sri Lanka 1st Match 2002/03 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com".
  7. ↑ "BBC SPORT | Cricket Scorecard".
  8. ↑ "Explained: Why Zimbabwe were awarded 5 penalty runs against South Africa in T20 World Cup clash". Times Now. 25 October 2022. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022– via www.timesnownews.com.
  9. ↑ "Sri Lanka hit with five penalty runs after one-short incident". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  10. ↑ "Disrepute ban for skipper Inzamam". 28 September 2006.
  11. ↑ "Ranjan Mudagalle's decision in full".
  12. ↑ "Full Scorecard of England vs Pakistan 4th Test 2006 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com".
  13. ↑ "Full Scorecard of Pakistan vs South Africa 2nd Test 2013/14 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com".
  14. ↑ "Law 42 - Players' Conduct" . Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  15. ↑ "Summary of changes to the Laws of Cricket 2017 Code" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
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