Penny, British Columbia

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Penny, British Columbia
Locality
Canada British Columbia location map 2.svg
Red pog.svg
Location of Penny in British Columbia
Coordinates: 53°51′00″N121°17′00″W / 53.85000°N 121.28333°W / 53.85000; -121.28333
Country Canada
Province British Columbia
Land District Cariboo
Regional District Fraser-Fort George
Geographic Region Robson Valley
Elevation
632 m (2,073 ft)
Area codes 250, 778, 236, & 672

Penny, between Longworth and Dome Creek on the northeast side of the Fraser River in central British Columbia, offers an access point for outdoor recreational activities. [1] [2] With a community hall and 15 permanent residents, [3] No utilities infrastructure exists. Prior to the post office permanently closing on 31 December 2013, the community was the only one in Canada that still relied upon the railway for its postal service.

Contents

Transportation

A trackside signpost marks Penny station, a flag stop for Via Rail's Jasper – Prince Rupert train. [4] The immediate Via Rail stops are Longworth station. to the northwest and Bend to the southeast.

History

Railway

Penny lies at mile 69.5, Fraser Subdivision. [5] Previously designated as Mile 159 during the line's construction, it was the area headquarters for Foley, Welch and Stewart, the prime contractor. [6] [7] [8] The Siems-Carey headquarters, [9] and a work camp existed at Mile 160. [6] Mr. Flannigan, a contractor at this camp, who considered all the camps maintained exceptional sanitary conditions, complained of IWW agitators seeking better wages and camp conditions. [10] The government sanitary inspector, who described camp conditions as fair, destroyed 20,000 lbs. of beef at about Mile 160, and bacon unfit for human consumption at other camps. He advised contractors to stop dumping garbage into the Fraser River. [11] Soon after, typhoid and diphtheria cases filled the medical outpost. In one 10-day period, the facility treated five victims of dump-car accidents, and the latest patient from Camp 162 had been cut in two. [12] The Miles 160 and 162 camps were both large, and a hospital was mentioned at Mile 160. [6] [13] The true location of the hospital was likely Mile 73 (formerly around Mile 162.5). [3]

Not a planned station on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (the Canadian National Railway after nationalization), Penny remained absent from the 1916 timetable. [14] Exclusion from the 1919 [15] and 1921 [16] Official Guides probably reflects that only the employee timetables initially listed it as a footnote. Mention in the 1918 BC towns directory, [17] and on a c.1919 map, [18] suggest a 1917 or 1918 opening date for the station.

The settlement developed between Lindup to its northwest, and Guilford to its southeast. The name, a surname that emerged by the beginning of the 13th century, [19] was selected for unknown reasons. [20] Commonly claimed as an English place name on the list prepared by Josiah Wedgwood (submitted at the request of William P. Hinton, the railway's general manager), [21] no such location existed in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the name Penny, in use by 1914, predated the station by at least three years. Formerly it was known just as the Engineers' Camp. [8]

Trains sometimes struck straying livestock, [22] but slowed to a crawl if sighted in time. [23] A passenger shelter likely existed prior to replacement in 1927 by a converted section tool house from Miworth. In 1947, the latter burned to the ground. [24] Transported the 5.5 miles (8.9 km) by railway flatcar, [25] Lindup exchanged its standard-design Plan 100-152 (Bohi's Type E) [26] [27] station building for Penny's Plan 110-101 converted sectionmen's bunkhouse. [28] The CNR appointed the first station agent at this time. [29]

A burned out journal box on a freight car immobilized a train at Penny for seven hours in 1955. [30] During the 1960s, 18 cars derailed from an eastbound 98-car freight train in the vicinity, which delayed the westbound passenger train for three hours. [31] In another incident, a head-on collision with a bull moose, just outside Penny, derailed 23 cars of a westbound 50-car freight train. [32]

In 1970, CNR closed its section shop. [33] Isolated communities, like Penny, suffered when the Prince George–McBride way freight ceased operations in 1977. [34] The next year, Penny was one of the 11 communities between Prince Rupert and the Alberta border, where the CNR replaced its agent-operator position [35] with a resident serving as CN Express agent. [36]

The deep snow of the 1981/82 winter near Penny caused hundreds of collisions between moose and trains. [37] By this time, the station was boarded up apart from a small waiting room. [38] In 1988, an ice bridge was built across the Fraser River to carry the station by flatbed truck to its new home, the Prince George Railway & Forestry Museum. [39] Using a raft 18 months earlier, volunteers transported a heritage railway speeder shed and tool shed from Penny to that site. [40]

The remaining passenger shelter was removed in 1996. [41]

Servicec.1917–c.1919c.1920–c.1921c.1921–c.1924c.1924–19311932–19421943–19771977–c.1989c.1990–present
[17] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61]
[62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] 		[5] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77]
PassengerFlag stop probablyFlag stopFlag stopRegular stopRegular stopRegular stopFlag stop
Way freight Flag stop probablyFlag stop probablyRegular stopRegular stopRegular stopRegular stop
Siding Mile No. 1922 1933 1943 1960 1965–72 1977–92
(Capacity Length) Cars [44] Cars [49] Cars [52] Cars [59] Cars [64] [67] [69] Feet [5] [73] [74]
Penny 69.2 54
Penny 69.4 53
Penny 69.5 46 52 54 2,530
Other Tracks Mile No. 1920 1922 1933 1943 1960 1965 1968
(Capacity Length) Cars [43] Cars [44] Cars [49] Cars [52] Cars [59] Cars [64] Cars [67]
Unknown 68.4 Unknown
Red Mountain Lumber 68.9 Unknown Unknown
Penny Lumber 69.2 Unknown
Penny 69.5 20 20
Red Mountain Lumber 69.9 21
Penny Sawmills 69.9 19
Penny Spruce Sales 69.9 41
Penny Forest Products 69.9 42
Eagle Lake Sawmills 69.9 42

Map

The sketch map shows locations of various existing and demolished properties, together with former occupants.
Penny PennyMapRev.pdf
Penny

Contents are a composite of source data. [78] [79] Clarence & Olga Boudreau's five properties are now owned by their children. (see #Boudreau family). Larry has the former 108-acre Victor Mellows farm on the river. Immediately north, Dan has the former 153-acre Ole Mellos square property, of which 25 acres is north of the track. Jen has the former N. Pedersen 43-acre pentagonal farm, where her parents lived. Maxine has the farm owned by her grandparents. Jody (daughter of Diane Louise) has the former J. Dufour farm. The latter two are each 160 acres and square, with southern boundaries at the same latitude as Dan's one. [3] [80] In addition to the mill accommodation, forestry, CNR and private dwellings existed. [81]

Hunting & trapping

Trapper Fred Rankin (1879–1964), [82] [83] a keen astronomer and resident 1939–1964, who arrived in the district in 1910, had a cabin near the creek bearing his name [84] one-half mile (0.8 km) west of Red Mountain Creek).

By 1921, the recognized guides for big game hunters in the Penny area were B. T. Sykes, [85] C. Hartsell and J. R. Norboe (c.1853–1921) (Narboe alternate spelling). [17] [86]

Forestry

A. Roy Spurr (1885–1954), [87] [88] who arrived at the Tête Jaune railhead in 1911, was a fur trader, who operated a store, café and accommodation, and provided a bookkeeping service, at camps during the railway construction. Using his savings, he opened a sawmill at Penny in 1917, [89] [90] later buying out his partners. The mill lay south of the village on the riverbank. As early as the 1920s, fellow lumber operators recognized his sawmilling and business expertise and sought his advice. [91] Spurr's Red Mountain Lumber Co and the Penny Lumber Co. were both in operation by 1918, [17] [92] but a later misconception that the former opened years later possibly inspired the questionable claim that Spurr also had an ownership interest in the latter. [93]

In bankruptcy by 1921, [94] the assets of the Penny Lumber were acquired by company president, George H. Lipsett (1866–1955). [95] [96] [97] [98] Located south of the CNR track on Rankin Creek, [99] it operated as Penny Lumber, [100] and then as G.H. Lipsett Lumber, [101] until fire totally destroyed the mill in 1926. [102]

The narrow strip of accessible spruce forest bordering the railway that stretched some 100 miles (160 km) east of Prince George was known as the East Line. [103] In the 1920s, with logging limited to the winter and fall seasons to facilitate the hauling of logs over snow and ice, loggers were transient. However, year round work existed in sawmill towns such as Giscome, Aleza Lake, Hutton, Penny, and Longworth. [104] Injuries and death were common in sawmills and logging camps. Sawyer Laughlin McKenzie (1856–1923) [105] was killed when a saw severed his body from head to hips at the Red Mountain Lumber Co. [106]

The proceeds from selling Red Mountain Lumber Co. during the 1928 [107] boom year provided Spurr with the funds to acquire other mills at bargain prices during the Great Depression. [108] The purchasers, who were owners of Cranbrook Sawmills, dismantled their mill at Otway, and either sold or relocated the machinery to Penny. [109] Like other sawmills during 1930–32, the Penny mill, then owned by the Joseph Campbell and John (Jack) Myers (1881–1960) [110] partnership, [111] [112] scarcely operated. [13] In 1932, fire completely destroyed the sawmill and yard lumber. [113] At the time, Newlands, Snowshoe and Sinclair Mills were the only ones sawing, the latter having a big logging camp at Penny. [114]

In 1933 Myers bought out his partner, [115] and the following year rebuilt the Red Mountain Lumber Co. mill. [116] In 1940, the 50,000-foot per shift capacity sawmill was again destroyed by fire, but the planing mill and processed lumber piles escaped conflagration. [117] Fulfilling his prior commitment, [118] Myers sold the mill to John F. McMillan and C. Earl Jaeck (1904–52), formerly at Bend, [119] [120] who changed the name to the Penny Sawmills. [121] Jaeck died in a train/truck collision. [122]

In 1942, a new dry kiln was installed, [123] and several new homes and bunkhouses were constructed on the mill site to accommodate the demand from running two shifts. [124] Since the homes mostly lacked indoor plumbing, outhouses were the norm and water came from a tap at the end of the road. [125] The following year, fire destroyed the planing mill boiler room, [126] putting it out of operation for 6 weeks. [127] This may have been the occasion when a passing CNR locomotive rescued part of the building. [128] In 1945, labour shortages closed one logging camp. [129] The company name changed again to Standard Tie and Timber, when Standard Forest Products acquired the mill in late 1945 or early 1946. [130]

In 1947, the large bunkhouse was constructed at Penny. [131] The following year, the mill burned down, [132] and a portable mill set up at the mouth of the Red Mountain Creek was used until the old mill was rebuilt. [121] [133] In 1952, renamed as the Penny Spruce Mills, [134] the Totem Pole group, controlled by the Thurston family, purchased the operations, which included the bunkhouse and 35 family residences. [135] Leboe Bros. of Crescent Spur provided mainly fir logs from the Goat River area, which were floated down the Fraser to the mill. [136]

The mill, which employed about 120 during summer and 45 in winter, plus 40 at the logging camps, [137] was one of the hardest hit by the strike of 1953. [138] In 1955, the mill cookhouse burned to the ground. [139] Closed in 1958, [140] after the Bank of Montreal called the operating loan, [137] the 100,000-foot capacity sawmill, steam and diesel power plants, 78-man bunkhouse, cookhouse, company houses, machine shop, garage, tractor house and various equipment were soon auctioned by court order. [141]

During the 1940s–50s, as many as three sawmills operated in the area. [99] [142] The main mill, bought by Eagle Lake Lumber of Giscome, was renamed Penny Forest Products, [143] and continued as a much smaller operation. [140] In 1963, fire destroyed the mill and powerhouse, with only part of the trimmer left standing. [144] Fire damage and outdated equipment made the investment in a rebuild unrealistic. [145] Subsequently, Gordon Geddes ran portable mills until all sawmilling activity ceased in 1965. [99] [146] Northwood inherited the defunct Penny mill when it acquired the Eagle Lake mill in 1966. [147] Long abandoned, the beehive burner, one of the largest in BC's history, still stands. [148]

The back-to-the-land movement peaked in the 1970s, with two tree planting companies and fire suppression crews based in Penny. [149] The movement largely comprised hippies, many U.S. draft dodgers, who temporarily settled along the East Line. In addition to occupying vacant houses, a commune existed by the river, which locals called "Buffalo Wallow". [150]

Community

Population estimates were 25 (Rev. W.J. Patton) [151] and 50–85 (Wrigley) [17] for 1918, 200 by 1920, [95] 100 by 1928, [152] 100 by 1934, 203 for 1943 and 1944, and 200 for 1948. [153] [154] The population peaked in 1957/58 at 675, which included the logging camps. [140] [146]

Commonly, the postmaster in such towns was also a storeowner. Nels Pedersen (c.1885–?), [17] [97] the first postmaster 1916–19, [155] ran a general store 1914–27 as a sole proprietorship or in partnership as Johnston & Pedersen. [156] Thomas B. (1877–1952) [157] & Betty Fae (c.1885–1945) [158] Wall were storeowners, [87] [159] [160] [161] and she was postmaster 1919–25. William Birt and Joseph Melling purchased this store, with Birt as postmaster 1926–28. [152] [155] [162] [163]

Samuel (Sam) (1895–1940) [87] [164] & Annie (1890–1931) [165] Michaylenko, [166] who arrived as the CNR section foreman around 1919–20, operated a store 1929–31, and apparently applied to be postmaster. [155]

The first school, held in an old bunkhouse behind the sawmill, opened in 1920 or 1921, with Miss H. Thomas (possibly 1903–?) [167] filling in until the arrival of Mrs. L.O. Cameron as the inaugural teacher. [168] Owing to low student numbers, it closed 1925–29. A one-room school was built as a replacement in 1930. [169] To facilitate a second teacher, [170] it was remodelled as two classrooms in 1943. [171] The following year, a teacherage was built on the school grounds, [172] with propane lighting added in 1955. [173]

The last of the three facilities, a two-room school opened for the 1953/54 year, [174] with propane lighting added in 1954. [175] The former building was moved off the grounds. [176] The school closed for six years during the 1970s, [142] but students taking correspondence courses continued to use a classroom. [177] It reopened in 1977 with 13 students. [178] Enrolment for 1945–50 in Grades 1–9 was 27–32, 1953–60 in Grades 1–8 was 31–51, 1963–70 in Grades 1–7 was 6–34, 1970–78 in Grades K–7 was 7–13, [168] [179] and 1981–84 in Grades K–7 was 10–12. [180] Having only seven students, the school closed permanently in 1985, [181] with the building ultimately removed. [146]

The community club, formed in 1932, [182] held functions for nine years in the sawmill cookhouse. [183] The community hall was built in 1941. [184] The building, severely damaged by heavy snow in 1946, [185] was repaired and an electrical generator installed two years later. [186] The hall hosted country artists, professional entertainers, movie screenings and many weddings. [187]

Badminton was popular. [188] The hall was a venue for community dances during World War II, [189] when many were in aid of the Red Cross. [190] The post-war dances [191] [192] often attracted visitors from surrounding communities. [193] The hall, falling into disuse during the 1960s, was renovated in 1971 and used for badminton during the 1970s–1980s. [194]

When the mill closed, most of the population left. Some abandoned their privately owned houses, which had become worthless. [195]

The Penny cemetery, 200–300 feet along the side road where the boat ramp road makes a right angle bend, [196] is on land provided by Halvor Mellos. [197] Volunteer male labour produced the coffins and dug the graves, and the women prepared the bodies. [198]

A homecoming reunion for former residents occurred August 18–20, 1995, [199] for which the book covering the community's history was compiled. [200] At the time, the permanent population of 11 [146] was meagre in relation to the 36 dwellings. [201]

Pastor family, scouts, guides & polio outbreak

Joseph Pastor (1896–1982) [202] [203] settled in 1934. His wife Mary (1900–84), [204] and children Mary E. (1920–86), [205] Theresa (Terry) M. (1921–84), [206] and Joseph (Joe) (1925–2006), [207] joined him from Hungary. [208] Although he worked in the sawmill [209] during the earlier years, the farm [210] was his primary involvement. Mary Sr. delivered milk, cream, butter and cheese to residents. [211] On retiring in 1973, they left. [212]

Joseph was also a hunting guide, who had been shot during World War I and the bullet was removed from his elbow in 1944. [213] His Hungarian friend, Joseph Kobra (1902–65), [214] a sometime Penny resident since the 1940s, [215] [216] followed him from Lindup, remaining in the Penny/Lindup area for 40 years. [217]

In 1937, Mary married [218] Gustof (Gus) Frenkel (1905–83), [219] but they never resided as a couple in Penny. Their children were John, Margaret, Sheila and Marie. [211] [220]

In 1943, Terry married [221] J. Earl Lousier (1924–2011). [222] Initially a sawmill blade tooth setter, Earl became a sawyer after two years. Danny, their son, was born in Penny, [223] with Theresa (Terry) Ann, Bonita (Bonnie), and Lorraine born after the family left in 1952. [224] [225]

During the mid-1940s, a Scout troop and Wolf Cub pack operated. Charles (Charlie) Adcock, the CNR section foreman, was scoutmaster, and Earl Lousier was his assistant. Thurston Berg led the Cubs. [226] On Charlie's transfer, [153] Larry Willington became scoutmaster and Alice Sinclair had taken charge of the cubs, [227] but these activities soon folded. [228]

In 1946, Joe Jr. married [229] Marie Jopp (1924–2014). [230] Joe, who played trumpet at the dances, [231] months earlier had lost two toes in a logging accident. [232] Marie was one of the two teachers for the 1944/45 to 1946/47 school years, after which she was available as a substitute. [233] During the mid-to-late 1940s, she led the Girl Guides, [234] who were involved in a range of events. [235] [236] In 1950, Marie was briefly confined to hospital in Prince George with suspected polio, [237] before convalescing at home. [238] Their children raised in Penny were Gary (1948– ), [239] Richard (Ritchie) (1949–2004), [207] [240] Shirley (1961– ), [241] Stewart (1953–93), [242] and Terry-Lynn (1955– ), [243] with Ronnie born after the family left in 1955. [244] [245]

In 1952, Mrs. R. Clark and Mrs. A. Ward are recorded as teachers for the Girl Guides and Brownies, [246] the latter company having been recently organized, [228] but these groups are not mentioned after 1953. [247]

John Kuz (1913–50) [248] was the only Penny resident to die of polio. He had arrived in Penny in 1937, where his wife Anne (probably 1917–2003) and baby Harold (probably 1937–2016) [249] soon joined them. They were active in community life, [250] and their subsequent children raised in Penny were Leona (1939– ), [251] M. Elaine (1943– ), [252] and John (1949– ). Initially a logger, John Sr. became a mill labourer, oiler, and finally millwright, where in 1943 he lost three toes in a mill accident. [253] In 1949, a 12-foot fall required a hospital visit. [254] On John's death in hospital at Prince George, public functions in Penny were cancelled and the school closed as a precaution, [237] which was repeated during another polio outbreak two years later. [255] The community collected almost $1,100 for the family, [256] who left in 1951. [257]

Crime, calamity & safety measures

During the 1927 forest fire, women and children were temporarily evacuated by special train to Dome Creek. [3]

A sudden death in 1934 prompted an investigative visit by the coroner and a constable from Prince George. [258]

Logger G. Edward Hooker (1915–36), formerly at Bend, [259] slipped and drowned while breaking up a logjam. His body was found over seven months later downriver at Sinclair Mills. [260]

In 1944 and 1945, the police arrested the offenders responsible for break and entries at the store. [261]

A rolling log fatally crushed William Gorrick (1915–48). [262]

Although limited mentions of houses burning to the ground, [263] it was likely a common occurrence.

In 1957, safecrackers stole $4,000 in cash from the store. [264]

While hunting near Penny, Kalman Malzsencizky mistook his friend, Bela Bill Cservenka (1927–65), [265] for a moose and fatally shot him. First aid was administered immediately and after a boat trip back to the Pastor farm, where the victim died four hours after the incident. [266] At his trial, Malzsencizky pleaded guilty to criminal negligence. [267] Schervenka's widow was awarded $60,719 in damages under the provincial Families Compensation Act. [268]

A self-inflicted rifle wound took a hunter's life on the access road. [269] [270] [271]

In 1975, Imre Sorban fired shots at a boatload of people on the outskirts of Penny, forced another woman into a car, and later shot out two tires on the vehicle before he was subdued. Another victim sustained leg wounds from a shotgun blast. Midway through his trial, Sorban pleaded guilty to charges of carrying an offensive weapon and illegally confining another person. [272]

When ice jams upstream and downstream blocked the river during the 1980/81 winter, owners could not reach their cars parked on the west bank, and flooding submerged 13 vehicles and carried off several boats. [273] Though the townsite on higher ground was safe, houses in low-lying areas were flooded. [274]

Relief programs during the Great Depression

The Aleza Lake to Tête Jaune highway-construction relief project began in 1931. The seven camps between Aleza Lake and McBride housed 500 workers. Discontent in the camps prompted demands for increased wages, and strike action occurred in April and July 1932, at which time the workers departed for Prince George. In August 1932, the province redirected the men to these isolated locations, now designated as non-work relief camps. Camp 88, Penny, [275] was the largest of the group. [276] On 19 November 1932, a physical confrontation with the camp foreman led to his replacement and a police investigation. [277] On 25 November 1932, police arrested three agitators from the camp for travelling without railway tickets and they received one-month prison sentences. By month end, the camp held its full complement of 108 men. The camp closed in October 1933. [278]

Roads

In 1947, Standard Tie and Timber graded a one-mile (1.6 km) road through the town. By 1951, there were 21 cars in the community, but still only one mile of road. [279] When Highway 16, linking Prince George and McBride, opened in 1969, [280] many residents parked their vehicles on the opposite bank of the Fraser River. In winter, the frozen river could usually be crossed by an ice bridge, [281] but if the weather was unusually mild, the train provided the only access. [282] A proposal for a reaction ferry or bridge access divided the community. [283] In 1995, volunteers upgraded a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) logging road, and for the next 20 years, maintained this only road access to the community. [284] In 2017, the province agreed to maintain the private road to Longworth for two years. [285] A replacement contract is under consideration. [286]

Electricity, broadcast transmissions & communications devices

From 1929, the CNR telephone lines opened for public usage, linking Dome Creek with Prince George. [287] Fifty years later, the CN lines from Giscome still served Penny's crank-style phones [288] on a party line. [289] In the 1990s, the service continued to be erratic, because Telus could not justify the cost of dedicated lines for so few customers. [290]

Using a 150-foot wire strung between two 50-foot poles as an aerial, predominantly battery-powered radios received better reception from certain stations in Calgary or the U.S. west coast. [291] [292]

Some places had diesel [142] or alternately powered generators. [293] Otherwise, oil or gas lamps provided light and wood-burning stoves heat. [294] [295] Around 1950, the sawmill wired and supplied electricity to many company houses, [296] [297] which ceased when the mill closed. There are no BC Hydro transmission lines. [298] [299]

A new transmitter, installed by CKPG-TV on Mount Tabor in 1964, provided reception as far southeast as Longworth & Penny. [300]

Completed in 2014, the Telus cell tower near Dome Creek also serves over 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of Highway 16 between Penny and Dome Mountain. [301]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Penny Red Mountain". www penny-redmountain.ca.
  2. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 17 Jul 2010
  3. 1 2 3 4 Clarence & Olga Boudreau recollections, Dec 2019
  4. ↑ "Penny flag stop". www.viarail.ca.
  5. 1 2 3 "1977 Timetable" (PDF). www.cwrailway.ca. p. 79. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 21, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 Fort George Herald, 17 May 1913
  7. ↑ "Engineer's camps c.1913". www.gent.ca.
  8. 1 2 Diary of Ada Adelia Sykes
  9. ↑ Fort George Herald, 21 Jun 1913
  10. ↑ Fort George Herald, 12 Apr 1913
  11. ↑ Fort George Herald, 31 May 1913
  12. ↑ Fort George Herald, 7 Jun 1913
  13. 1 2 PRC 1995, p. 2.
  14. ↑ Waghorn's Guide. The Guide Co. Ltd. 1916. p. 74.
  15. ↑ The Official Guide. The National Railway Publication Company. 1919. p. 875.
  16. ↑ "The Official Guide" (PDF). www.cprr.org. 1921. p. 950.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "1918 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  18. ↑ "Map of the Central Section of British Columbia / Shewing the Country Served by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway". www.utoronto.ca.
  19. ↑ "Last name: Penny". www.surnamedb.com.
  20. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 27 Jan 1984 (44)
  21. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 27 May 1957
  22. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 15 Jun 1944
  23. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 25 Apr 2000
  24. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 38.
  25. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 4 Sep 1947, 16 Oct 1947 & 8 Jul 1989
  26. ↑ "Type "E" Mythology". www.oil-electric.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2009.
  27. ↑ "Vanishing BC GTP Railway stations". www.michaelkluckner.com.
  28. ↑ Bohi, Charles W.; Kozma, Leslie S. (2002). Canadian National's Western Stations. Fitzhenry & Whiteside. pp.  121, 136 & 141. ISBN   1550416324.
  29. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 37.
  30. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 1 Sep 1955
  31. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 14 & 15 Dec 1961
  32. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 17 Jan 1967
  33. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 24 Jun 1970
  34. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 25 Jul 1977
  35. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 2 & 8 Aug 1978
  36. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 3 Oct 1978 & 13 Mar 1980
  37. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 15 & 17 Sep 1982
  38. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 23 Jan 1985
  39. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 11 & 12 Feb 1988
  40. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 19 & 21 Jul 1986
  41. ↑ Prince George Free Press, 21 Jan 1996
  42. ↑ "1919 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  43. 1 2 1920 Timetable. Bulkley Valley Museum. p. 8.
  44. 1 2 3 1922 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. p. 8.
  45. ↑ 1923 Timetable. p. 70.
  46. ↑ 1925 Timetable. p. 105.
  47. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 12 & 19 Nov 1931
  48. ↑ 1932 Timetable. p. 58.
  49. 1 2 3 1933 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. p. 8.
  50. ↑ 1935 Timetable. p. 60.
  51. ↑ 1942 Timetable. p. 58.
  52. 1 2 3 1943 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. p. 9.
  53. ↑ 1945 Timetable. p. 61.
  54. ↑ "1946 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 59.
  55. ↑ 1949 Timetable. p. 59.
  56. ↑ "1950 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 59.
  57. ↑ "1956 Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 53.
  58. ↑ "1957 Timetable". www.traingeek.ca. p. 53. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  59. 1 2 3 1960 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. pp. 21–22
  60. ↑ "1961 Timetable (main)" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 39.
  61. ↑ "1961 Timetable (way freight)" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 48.
  62. ↑ "1963 Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 42.
  63. ↑ 1964 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. p. 44
  64. 1 2 3 1965 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. pp. 25–26
  65. ↑ "1966 Timetable". www.traingeek.ca. p. 38. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  66. ↑ 1967 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. p. 38
  67. 1 2 3 1968 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. pp. 25–26
  68. ↑ "1971 Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 19.
  69. 1 2 1972 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. pp. 25–26
  70. ↑ 1973 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. p. 18
  71. ↑ "1986 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 50, but scan p. 52.
  72. ↑ "1988 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 55, but scan p. 52.
  73. 1 2 1990 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. pp. 95–97
  74. 1 2 1992 Timetable. Northern BC Archives. pp. 103–105
  75. ↑ "1996 Timetable" (PDF). www.streamlinermemories.info. p. 40.
  76. ↑ "2011 Timetable". www.scribd.com. p. 44, but scan p. 24.
  77. ↑ Recent timetables
  78. ↑ Saville 2000, pp. prologue map, 9 & 10.
  79. ↑ May 2000, p. prologue map.
  80. ↑ Saville 2000, pp. prologue map & 7.
  81. ↑ Trolian, Sandra (2000). "Upper Fraser Historical Geography Project Transcript" (PDF). www.nbca.unbc.ca. p. 2.
  82. ↑ "Death Certificate (Fred RANKIN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  83. ↑ "1922 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  84. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 1 & 153–154.
  85. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 12 Oct 1920
  86. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 13 Sep 1921
  87. 1 2 3 "1921 Census". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  88. ↑ "Death Certificate (Albert Roy SPURR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  89. ↑ Fort George Herald: 9 Nov 1912 & 13 Sep 1913
  90. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 16 Aug 1954
  91. ↑ Drushka, Ken (1998). Tie Hackers to Timber Harvesters. Harbour Publishing. p. 83. ISBN   9781550171891.
  92. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 2, 16 & 23 Aug 1918; & 1 May 1924
  93. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 2 & 21.
  94. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 7 & 11 Jan 1921; & 1, 8, 15 & 22 Mar 1921
  95. 1 2 "1920 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  96. ↑ "Death Certificate (George Humphries LIPSETT)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  97. 1 2 "1921 Census". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  98. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 1 May 1924
  99. 1 2 3 PRC 1995, p. 22.
  100. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 30 Aug 1921 & 28 Oct 1921
  101. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 3 Jun 1926
  102. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 10 Jun 1926
  103. ↑ Hak 1986, p. 14.
  104. ↑ Hak 1986, p. 137.
  105. ↑ "Cemetery Project (L.W. McKenzie)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  106. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 19 Jul 1923
  107. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 8 Nov 1928
  108. ↑ Hak 1986, p. 98.
  109. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 2 May 1988(56)
  110. ↑ "Death Certificate (John Prince MYERS)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  111. ↑ "1930 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  112. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 2 May 1988(57)
  113. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 25 Aug 1932
  114. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 11 Aug 1932
  115. ↑ Hak 1986, p. 84.
  116. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 10 May 1934
  117. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 12 Sep 1940
  118. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 29 Aug 1940
  119. ↑ "Death Certificate (Charles Earl JAECK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  120. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 21 Nov 1940
  121. 1 2 PRC 1995, p. 21.
  122. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 28 Apr 1952
  123. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 21 May 1942
  124. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 27 Aug 1942
  125. ↑ May 2000, p. 9.
  126. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 22 Jul 1943
  127. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 9 Sep 1943
  128. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 27 Jan 1984 (40)
  129. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 30 Aug 1945
  130. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 22 Aug 1946
  131. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 12 Jun 1947
  132. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 7 Oct 1948
  133. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 16 Dec 1948 & 3 Mar 1949
  134. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 3 Mar 1952
  135. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 27 Nov 1952
  136. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 27.
  137. 1 2 PRC 1995, p. 28.
  138. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 22 Oct 1953
  139. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 29 Sep 1955
  140. 1 2 3 PRC 1995, p. 3.
  141. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 16 Oct 1959
  142. 1 2 3 Prince George Citizen, 2 May 1985
  143. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 12 Apr 1961 & 24 May 1961
  144. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 22 Mar 1963
  145. ↑ Boudreau 2000, pp. Interview #5: 2–3.
  146. 1 2 3 4 Prince George Citizen, 19 Aug 1995
  147. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 10 Aug 1973 & 30 Jun 1988
  148. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 25 Aug 1995
  149. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 4.
  150. ↑ Saville 2000, pp. 1, 2, & 20–21.
  151. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 26 Aug 1958
  152. 1 2 "1928 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  153. 1 2 Prince George Citizen, 17 Oct 1946
  154. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 177–183.
  155. 1 2 3 "Postmasters". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  156. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 8 Oct 1920, 18 Jan 1921, 30 Oct 1924 & 17 Jul 1941
  157. ↑ "Death Certificate (Thomas Bell WALL)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  158. ↑ "Death Certificate (Betty Fae WALL)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  159. ↑ "1921 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  160. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 14 Feb 1922
  161. ↑ Prince George Leader, 8 Mar 1923
  162. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 66.
  163. ↑ "1926 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  164. ↑ "Cemetery Project (Samuel MICHAYLENKO)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  165. ↑ "Cemetery Project (Annie MICHAYLENKO)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  166. ↑ "1925 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  167. ↑ "Marriage Certificate (MUIR/THOMAS)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  168. 1 2 Hall, Barbara; Nellis, Kris (2012). School District No. 57 (Prince George) historical memories. (Volume II): people, places, programs & services. Prince George Retired Teachers' Association, Education Heritage Committee.
  169. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 2 & 46.
  170. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 12 Aug 1943
  171. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 15 Jul 1943 & 19 Aug 1943
  172. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 14 Sep 1944
  173. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 8 Dec 1955
  174. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 24 Sep 1953
  175. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 2 Dec 1954
  176. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 20 Oct 1955
  177. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 19 May 1972 & 16 Feb 1977
  178. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 16 Sep 1977
  179. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 2 Sep 1960 & 23 Oct 1963
  180. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 4 Sep 1981, 20 Oct 1982, 21 Apr 1983 & 25 Oct 1984
  181. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 22 May 1985
  182. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 23 Jun 1932
  183. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 9 & 229.
  184. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 18 Sep 1941; & 4 & 25 Dec 1941
  185. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 7 Mar 1946
  186. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 9.
  187. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 7 Oct 1948, 21 Sep 1950, 26 Jul 1951, 15 Nov 1951, 22 May 1952, 9 Sep 1954 & 25 Jul 1977
  188. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 25 Dec 1941, 10 Jan 1946, 7 Mar 1946, 20 May 1948, 16 Sep 1948 & 3 Nov 1949
  189. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 25 Dec 1941, 5 Feb 1942, 2 Apr 1942, 14 May 1942, 3 Jun 1943, 9 Dec 1943, 6 Jan 1944, 6 Jul 1944, 26 Oct 1944, 4 & 21 Dec 1944, 22 Mar 1945 & 24 May 1945
  190. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 16 & 23 Apr 1942, 4 Jun 1942, 16 Jul 1942, 25 Mar 1943, 23 Mar 1944, 20 Jul 1944 & 5 Jul 1945
  191. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 7 Mar 1946, 16 May 1946, 31 Jul 1947, 13 Nov 1947, 20 & 27 May 1948, 8 Jul 1948, 16 Sep 1948, 6 Jan 1949, 3 & 24 Mar 1949, 2 Jun 1949, 13 Oct 1949, 6 Jul 1950, 14 Dec 1950, 11 Jan 1951, 22 Feb 1951, 6 Sep 1951, 8 Nov 1951, 7 Jan 1954, 13 Jan 1955, 2 Jun 1955 & 28 Mar 1957
  192. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 17.
  193. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 6 Sep 1945, 18 Jul 1946, 5 Sep 1946, 4 Sep 1947, 15 Jan 1948, 5 & 26 Aug 1948, & 14 Jul 1955,
  194. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 10.
  195. ↑ Boudreau 2000, pp. Interview #5: 3 & 11.
  196. ↑ Humphreys_a 2000, pp. Supplementary Notes.
  197. ↑ Mellos 2000, p. 13.
  198. ↑ Boudreau 2000, p. Summary: 7.
  199. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 9, 19 & 21 Aug 1995
  200. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 5 Feb 1996
  201. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 22 Oct 1999
  202. ↑ "Death Certificate (Joseph PASTOR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  203. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 22 Nov 1982
  204. ↑ "Death Certificate (Mary Elizabeth PASTOR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  205. ↑ "Death Certificate (Mary Elizabeth FRENKEL)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  206. ↑ "Death Certificate (Theresa Mary LOUSIER)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  207. 1 2 "Obituary (Joseph John PASTOR)". www.ominecaexpress.com.
  208. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 22 Nov 1982 & 10 Apr 1984
  209. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 27 Jan 1944
  210. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 3 Oct 1940, 10 Sep 1942, 1 Apr 1948, 27 Mar 1947, 19 May 1955, 17 Jun 1957, 12 Dec 1957 & 4 Aug 1959
  211. 1 2 PRC 1995, p. 150.
  212. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 21 Jun 1979
  213. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 23 Mar 1944
  214. ↑ "Death Certificate (Joseph KOBRA)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  215. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 2 Nov 1944, 26 Jul 1945 & 4 Apr 1957
  216. ↑ Boudreau, Clarence & Olga. (2003). Into the Mists of Time. Self-published. p. 59
  217. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 29 Jan 1965
  218. ↑ "Marriage Certificate (FRENKEL/PASTOR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  219. ↑ "Death Certificate (Gustof FRENKEL)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  220. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 14 Oct 1937, 15 Nov 1983, 30 Dec 1986 & 7 Apr 2016
  221. ↑ "Marriage Certificate (LOUSIER/PASTOR)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  222. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 4 Nov 1943, 9 Dec 1943, 28 Aug 1984 & 26 Feb 2011
  223. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 31 Aug 1944
  224. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 21 Feb 1952
  225. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 119–123 & 150.
  226. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 31 May 1945, 14 & 21 Jun 1945, 2 Aug 1945, 8 Nov 1945, 3 Jan 1946 & 7 Mar 1946
  227. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 1 May 1947
  228. 1 2 Prince George Citizen, 9 Oct 1952
  229. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 8 Aug 1946
  230. ↑ "Obituary (Marie Elizabeth PASTOR)". www.ominecaexpress.com.
  231. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 123.
  232. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 21 Mar 1946
  233. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 5 Jul 1945 & 18 Sep 1947
  234. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 21 Jun 1945 & 15 May 1947
  235. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 5 Apr 1945, 24 & 31 May 1945, 5 Jul 1945, 16 Aug 1945, 7 Mar 1946, 7 Aug 1947 & 12 Feb 1948
  236. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 211.
  237. 1 2 Prince George Citizen, 16 Oct 1950
  238. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 9 Nov 1950
  239. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 5 Feb 1948
  240. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 17 Nov 1949
  241. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 16 Aug 1951
  242. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 15 Jun 1953 & 1 Jun 1993
  243. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 10 Feb 1955
  244. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 1 Dec 1955
  245. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 109–110 & 150.
  246. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 30 Dec 1952
  247. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 19 Mar 1953 & 27 Apr 1953
  248. ↑ "Death Certificate (John Harris KUZ)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  249. ↑ "Obituary (Harold Andrew KUZ)". www.dignitymemorial.com.
  250. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 4 Jun 1942, 1 Jul 1943, 24 May 1945, 17 Oct 1946 & 3 Nov 1949
  251. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 8 Jun 1939
  252. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 4 Mar 1943
  253. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 18 Jun 1942
  254. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 7 Jul 1949
  255. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 3 Nov 1952
  256. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 19 Oct 1950
  257. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 110–112.
  258. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 8 Nov 1934
  259. ↑ "Cemetery Project (George Edward HOOKER)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  260. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 13 May 1937
  261. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 27 Jan 1944, 3 Feb 1944 & 3 May 1945
  262. ↑ "Death Certificate (William GORRICK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  263. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 8 Jun 1950
  264. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 25 & 28 Oct 1957
  265. ↑ "Death Certificate (Bela Tiboi CSERVENKA)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  266. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 12 Oct 1965, & 19 & 21 Jan 1966
  267. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 12 May 1966
  268. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 27 Feb 1968
  269. ↑ "Death Certificate (Kevin Jeffrey BRYAN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  270. ↑ "Death Certificate (med) (Kevin Jeffrey BRYAN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  271. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 25 Aug 1994
  272. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 3 Oct 1975; & 2 & 3 Dec 1976
  273. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 19 & 22 Dec 1980
  274. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 18 Dec 1980
  275. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 19 Oct 1933
  276. ↑ Hak 1986, p. 292.
  277. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 24 Nov 1932
  278. ↑ Hak 1986, p. 296.
  279. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 9 Aug 1951
  280. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 22 May 1969
  281. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 5 Mar 1980 & 30 Dec 1986
  282. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 23 Feb 1990
  283. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 30 & 31 Jan 1980; 1, 7 18 & 29 Feb 1980; 5 Mar 1980; & 14 Jan 1981
  284. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 9 Aug 1995 & 19 Feb 2013
  285. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 12 Apr 2017
  286. ↑ "CBC News, 12 Jan 2019". www.cbc.ca.
  287. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 20 Jun 1929
  288. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 8 Aug 1978 & 22 Dec 1980
  289. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 172.
  290. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 9 Aug 1995 & 22 Oct 1999
  291. ↑ Wlasitz, Steve & Helen (2000). "Upper Fraser Historical Geography Project Transcript" (PDF). www.nbca.unbc.ca. pp. 25–27.
  292. ↑ Mellows 2000, pp. 8–9.
  293. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 23 Mar 1950
  294. ↑ Litnosky 2000, p. 14.
  295. ↑ PRC 1995, pp. 175 & 251.
  296. ↑ Litnosky 2000, p. 10.
  297. ↑ PRC 1995, p. 164.
  298. ↑ Prince George Citizen, 9 Aug 1995
  299. ↑ May 2000, p. 10.
  300. ↑ Prince George Citizen: 27 Oct 1964 & 7 Dec 1964
  301. ↑ "Rocky Mountain Goat, 6 Jan 2014". www.therockymountaingoat.com. January 7, 2014.

References

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