Penelope Summerfield, FBA, FRHistS, FAcSS (born 1951), commonly known as Penny Summerfield, is an English historian and retired academic.
Born in 1951 in London, Summerfield is the daughter of Arthur Summerfield, a professor, and Aline Whalley, a psychologist. She attended the University of Sussex, graduating with a BA in 1973, an MA in 1976 and a DPhil in 1982. [1] Her doctoral studies were supervised by Stephen Yeo. [2]
Summerfield was a research assistant and tutor at Durham University from 1976 to 1978. [1] She then taught at the Lancaster University from 1978, [3] first as a lecturer in the social history of education, [1] and latterly as Professor of Women's History (1994–2000). [3] She moved to the University of Manchester in 2000 to be Professor of Modern History; there, she served as head of the School of History and Classics (2002–2003) and the School of Arts, Histories and Cultures (2003–2006). [3]
In 2020, Summerfield was elected a fellow of the British Academy, the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. [4] She is also a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences [5] and the Royal Historical Society, [6] and was the chair of the Social History Society from 2008 to 2011. [7]
She was married to the management studies academic and Lancaster University professor Mark Easterby-Smith, with whom she had two children before they divorced; [1] [8] their daughter is the historian Sarah Easterby-Smith. [9] Summerfield later married Oliver Fulton, an emeritus professor of higher education at Lancaster University and the son of the university administrator John Fulton, Baron Fulton. [10] [11]
Masculinity is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent masculinity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as anyone can exhibit masculine traits. Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods.
A movement to fight for women's right to vote in the United Kingdom finally succeeded through acts of Parliament in 1918 and 1928. It became a national movement in the Victorian era. Women were not explicitly banned from voting in Great Britain until the Reform Act 1832 and the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. In 1872 the fight for women's suffrage became a national movement with the formation of the National Society for Women's Suffrage and later the more influential National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). As well as in England, women's suffrage movements in Wales, Scotland and other parts of the United Kingdom gained momentum. The movements shifted sentiments in favour of woman suffrage by 1906. It was at this point that the militant campaign began with the formation of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).
Sylvia Theresa Walby is a British sociologist, currently Professor of Sociology, Director of the Violence and Society Centre at the City University of London. She has an Honorary Doctorate from Queen's University Belfast for distinction in sociology. She is noted for work in the fields of the domestic violence, patriarchy, gender relations in the workplace and globalisation.
Griselda Frances Sinclair Pollock is an art historian and cultural analyst of international, postcolonial feminist studies in visual arts and visual culture. Since 1977, Pollock has been an influential scholar of modern art, avant-garde art, postmodern art, and contemporary art. She is a major influence in feminist theory, feminist art history, and gender studies. She is renowned for her innovative feminist approaches to art history which aim to deconstruct the lack of appreciation and importance of women in art as other than objects for the male gaze.
Throughout Algeria's history as an independent state, there has been conflict between women's rights activists and conservatives about the status of women in Algeria. The 1984 Algerian Family Code entrenched certain forms of gender inequality and discrimination against women. Some progressive reforms were implemented in 2005 amendments to the law, but women are still unequal under Algerian law.
Carol Christine Smart is a feminist sociologist and academic at the University of Manchester. She has also conducted research about divorce and children of divorced couples.
Lieutenant General Sir Wellesley Douglas Studholme Brownrigg KCB DSO was a senior British Army officer who became Military Secretary.
Katherine Jane Humphries, CBE FBA, is a Fellow of All Souls College, University of Oxford with the Title of Distinction of professor of economic history. Her research interest has been in economic growth and development and the industrial revolution. She is the former president of the Economic History Society and the current vice-president of the Economic History Association.
Hoda Elsadda is Chair in the Study of the Contemporary Arab World at the University of Manchester. She serves as Co-Director of the Centre for the Advanced Study of the Arab World (CASAW) in the UK, Associate Editor of the Online Edition of the Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, member of the Board of Directors of the Global Fund for Women, member of the Advisory Board of the Durham Modern Languages Series, and Core Group Member of the Arab Families Working Group. Elsadda is also the Co-founder and current Chairperson of the Board of Trustees of the Women and Memory Forum.
The historiography of Canada deals with the manner in which historians have depicted, analyzed, and debated the history of Canada. It also covers the popular memory of critical historical events, ideas and leaders, as well as the depiction of those events in museums, monuments, reenactments, pageants and historic sites.
History of women in the United Kingdom covers the social, cultural and political roles of women in Britain over the last two millennia.
This bibliography includes major books and articles about British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and her policies in office.
Claire Louise Langhamer, FRHistS, is a social and cultural historian of modern Britain. Since 2021, she has been the director of the Institute of Historical Research.
The United Kingdom home front during World War II covers the political, social and economic history during 1939–1945.
Julie-Marie Strange, FAcSS is a historian. Since 2019, she has been Professor of Modern British History at Durham University.
Jonathan Mark Lawrence, FRHistS is a British historian. Since 2019, he has been Professor of Modern British History at the University of Exeter.
Andrew Mark Davies, FRHistS, FRSA is a British historian. A professor at the University of Liverpool, he specialises in the history of crime, policing and violence in modern Britain.
Andrea Pető is a Hungarian historian. She is a professor in the Department of Gender Studies at Central European University and a Doctor at Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. She writes on political extremism and how it shapes the collective memory of society. Pető's work evaluates contemporary society from an inter-disciplinary and gendered perspective. She has analyzed the effects of Nazism and Stalinism on Hungary and Eastern Europe, as well as the participation of women in those movements. Pető has been recognized for her contributions with the Officer's Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit, the Bolyai Prize of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and the Madame de Staël Prize of the All European Academies.
Kalpana Wilson is an author, writer, and professor. She is a founding member of the South Asian Solidarity Group.
Matthew Worley is a British academic and author. He is Professor of Modern History at the University of Reading.