Pension systems by country

Last updated July 19, 2025

The table below shows the pension systems pillars by country.

Pension systems by country^[1]^[2]
Country	Pillar 0	Pillar 1	Pillar 2	Pillar 3
Afghanistan	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Algeria	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Argentina	Y Basic pension	Y Social insurance system	No, closed in 2008	N/A
Armenia	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory individual accounts	Y Voluntary pensions
Australia	Y Social assistance	Y Mandatory occupational pension system	N/A	N/A
Austria	No	Y Social insurance system	Y Occupational pensions	Y Private pensions
Bahrain	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Bangladesh	Y Social assistance	N/A	N/A	N/A
Belarus	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Belgium	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Bhutan	No	Y Provident fund system	No	N/A
Botswana	Y Basic pension	No	No	N/A
Brazil	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Brunei	Y Basic pension	Y Provident fund system	Y Supplementary individual account	N/A
Bulgaria	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Individual accounts	N/A
Burkina Faso	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Burundi	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Cameroon	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Canada	Y Basic pension	Y Canada Pension Plan	N/A	Y Registered retirement savings plan
China	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A
Czech Republic	Y Basic pension	Y Social insurance system	No, canceled in 2016	Y Voluntary individual accounts
Dominican Republic	Y Social assistance	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A	N/A
El Salvador	Y Social assistance	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A	N/A
Estonia	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory individual accounts	Y Voluntary individual accounts
Eswatini	Y Social assistance	Y Provident fund system	N/A	N/A
France	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory occupational pension provision	Y Voluntary private collective pension provision Voluntary private individual pension provision
Georgia	Y Basic pension	N/A	N/A	N/A
Germany	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Voluntary occupational pension insurance	Y Private pension schemes
Hong Kong	Y Basic pension	Y Provident fund system	N/A	N/A
Hungary	Y Social assistance	Y Private pension fund	Y Voluntary pension fund	N/A
India	Y Social assistance	Y Employees’ Provident Fund	Y Voluntary pension insurance	Y Individual private pension plans
Ireland	Y Basic pension	Y Social insurance system Pay Related Social Insurance	Y Occupational pension schemes	N/A
Italy	Y Social assistance	Y Notional Defined Contributions	N/A	N/A
Japan	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Jordan	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Kazakhstan	Y Basic pension	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A	N/A
Kenya	Y Older Persons Cash Transfer	Y Mandatory individual accounts	No	N/A
Kyrgyzstan	Y Social assistance	Y Notional Defined Contributions	No	N/A
Latvia	Y Social assistance	Y Notional Defined Contributions	Y Mandatory individual accounts	Y Voluntary individual accounts
Lithuania	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Voluntary pension fund	Y Voluntary individual accounts
Luxembourg	No	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory occupational pension provision	Y Voluntary pensions funds and endowment policy insurances with tax benefits
Malawi	no	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A	N/A
Malaysia	Y Social assistance	Y Provident Fund System (KWSP) or Individual pension account (KWAP/LTAT)	Y Provident Fund System	Y Voluntary individual accounts: i-Saraan voluntary Provident Fund System
Mexico	Y Social assistance	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A	N/A
Monaco	No	Y Social insurance system	No	N/A
Mongolia	Y Social assistance	Y Notional Defined Contributions	N/A	N/A
Morocco	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Mozambique	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Namibia	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Nepal	Y Social assistance	Y Provident fund system	N/A	N/A
Netherlands	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Private employee pensions	Y Individual private pensions
New Zealand	Y Basic pension	Y Individual accounts	N/A	N/A
Nigeria	No	Y Mandatory individual accounts	No	N/A
North Korea	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Norway	Y Basic pension	Y Notional Defined Contributions	Y Occupational pension schemes	Y Individual pensions
Oman	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Pakistan	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Papua New Guinea	No	Y Mandatory occupational retirement system	N/A	N/A
Philippines	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Poland	Basic pensions for mothers of four or more children from March 2019	Y Notional Defined Contributions	Y Voluntary Open Pension Funds (OFE)	Y Voluntary individual accounts: Occupational Pension Programs (PPE) Individual Pension Accounts (IKE/IKZE) Employee Capital Plans (PPK)
Portugal	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Qatar	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Romania	No	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory individual accounts	Y Voluntary individual accounts
Russia	Y Basic pension	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory pension funds	Y Voluntary private pension funds
Rwanda	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Saudi Arabia	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Senegal	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Sierra Leone	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Singapore	Y Social assistance	Y Provident fund system	N/A	N/A
Slovakia	Y Basic pension	Y Social insurance system	Y Voluntary individual accounts	N/A
Slovenia	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Solomon Islands	No	Y Provident fund system	N/A	N/A
South Africa	Y Basic pension	N/A	N/A	N/A
South Korea	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
South Sudan	No	No	No	N/A
Spain	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Sri Lanka	No	Y Provident fund system	Y Supplementary fund	N/A
Sudan	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Sweden	Y Basic pension	Y Notional Defined Contributions	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A
Switzerland	N/A	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory occupational pension system	Y Voluntary pensions funds and endowment policy insurances with tax benefits
Syria	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Taiwan	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A
Tanzania	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Thailand	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Voluntary national savings fund	N/A
Turkey	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Turkmenistan	Y Social assistance	Y Notional Defined Contributions	N/A	N/A
Uganda	No	Y Provident fund system	N/A	N/A
Ukraine	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory state pension fund	Y Voluntary individual pensions
United Arab Emirates	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
United Kingdom	Y Basic pension	Y Social insurance system	Y Occupational schemes	Y Voluntary individual pensions: Stakeholder pensions Group personal pensions Self-invested personal pensions
United States	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Uruguay	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A
Uzbekistan	Y Social assistance	Y Mandatory individual accounts	N/A	N/A
Venezuela	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Vietnam	Y Social assistance	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Zambia	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A
Zimbabwe	No	Y Social insurance system	N/A	N/A

Funded and pay-as-you-go shares by country

Pension entitlements by funding type in % of total in year 2021.^[3]

Country	Private	Funded	Pay-as-you-go
Austria	3	15	83
Belgium	8	17	75
Bulgaria	7	0	93
Croatia	9	0	91
Cyprus	4	13	83
Czech Republic	3	0	97
Denmark	73	25	2
Estonia	0	3	97
Finland	1	0	99
France	0	13	87
Germany	7	14	79
Greece	1	0	99
Hungary	0	0	100
Iceland	54	14	33
Ireland	16	23	61
Italy	2	0	98
Latvia	8	3	90
Lithuania	4	2	95
Luxembourg	2	17	81
Malta	0	7	93
Netherlands	36	14	51
Norway	8	11	81
Poland	3	8	90
Portugal	3	25	72
Romania	2	0	98
Slovakia	5	14	81
Slovenia	1	0	98
Spain	1	9	90
Sweden	33	5	62
Switzerland	34	5	62

Notable examples of pension systems by country

Some of the listed systems might also be considered social insurance.

Argentina – Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social
Armenia – Pensions in Armenia
Australia:
- Superannuation in Australia – Private, and compulsory, individual retirement contribution system.
- Social Security – Public pensions
Austria – Pensions in Austria
Canada:
- Canada Pension Plan
- Old Age Security
- Quebec Pension Plan
- Registered retirement savings plan
- Saskatchewan Pension Plan
Finland – Kansaneläkelaitos
France:
- Pensions in France
- Allocation de Solidarité aux Personnes Agées
- Pensions Reserve Fund (France)
Hong Kong:^[4]
- Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF Schemes)
- Occupational Retirement Schemes (ORSO Schemes)
India:
- Pensions in India
- National Pension System
- Employees' Provident Fund Organisation of India
Iranian Social Security Civil Servants Pension Fund
Japan – National Pension
Malaysia:
- Employees Provident Fund – Private voluntary retirement contribution system
- Retirement Fund – Public pensions
- Armed Forces Fund Board – Military pensions
Mexico – Mexico Pension Plan
Netherlands – Algemene Ouderdomswet
New Zealand:
- New Zealand Superannuation – public pensions
- KiwiSaver – Private voluntary retirement contribution system
Poland – Social Insurance Institution
Singapore – Central Provident Fund
South Korea – National Pension Service
Sri Lanka – Employees' Provident Fund (Sri Lanka) and Employees' Trust Fund
Sweden – Social security in Sweden
Switzerland – Pension system in Switzerland
United Kingdom:
- Pensions in the United Kingdom
- Self-invested personal pensions
United States:
- Public employee pensions
- Retirement plans in the United States
- Social Security
Vanuatu – Vanuatu National Provident Fund

References

↑ "Social Security Programs Throughout the World". ssa.gov.
↑ "Social protection in older age | Pension watch". pension-watch.net.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ "Pensions in national accounts, Table 2". Eurostat. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
↑ "Official Website of Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority".

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[1] "Social Security Programs Throughout the World". ssa.gov.

[2] "Social protection in older age | Pension watch". pension-watch.net.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[d324-3] "Pensions in national accounts, Table 2". Eurostat. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2025.

[4] "Official Website of Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority".

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Pension systems by country

Contents

Funded and pay-as-you-go shares by country

Notable examples of pension systems by country

See also

References