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PetaBox, also stylized Petabox, is a storage unit from Capricorn Technologies and the Internet Archive. [1] [2] It was designed by the staff of the Internet Archive and C. R. Saikley to store and process one petabyte (a million gigabytes) of information. [3]
Design goals of the Petabox included: [3]
The first 100 terabyte rack became operational in Amsterdam at the Internet Archive's European arm, the Stichting Internet Archive (SIA), in June 2004. The second 80 terabyte rack became operational in their main San Francisco location that same year. The Internet Archive then spun off its Petabox production to the newly-formed company Capricorn Technologies. [3]
Between 2004 and 2007, Capricorn replicated the Internet Archive's deployment of the Petabox for major academic institutions, digital preservationists, government agencies, high-performance computing (HPC) and major research sites, medical imaging providers, digital image repositories, storage outsourcing sites, and other enterprises. Their largest product uses 750 gigabyte disks. In 2007, the Internet Archive data center housed approximately three petabytes of Petabox storage technology.
In 2010, the fourth version of the Petabox began operation. Each Petabox allowed for 480 TB of raw storage (240 disks of 2 TB each, set up with 24 disks per 4U high rack units and with 10 units per rack) running on Linux. [4] [5]
As of December 2021, the Internet Archive's Petabox storage system is comprised of four data centers, 745 nodes, and 28,000 spinning disks. The Wayback Machine contains 57 petabytes of information; book, music and video collections contain an extra 42 petabytes of information, and "unique data" comprises an extra 99 petabytes of information, for a total of 212 petabytes of storage. [3]
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk, is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material. The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually arranged on a moving actuator arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces. Data is accessed in a random-access manner, meaning that individual blocks of data can be stored and retrieved in any order. HDDs are a type of non-volatile storage, retaining stored data when powered off. Modern HDDs are typically in the form of a small rectangular box.
Sneakernet, also called sneaker net, is an informal term for the transfer of electronic information by physically moving media such as magnetic tape, floppy disks, optical discs, USB flash drives or external hard drives between computers, rather than transmitting it over a computer network. The term, a tongue-in-cheek play on net(work) as in Internet or Ethernet, refers to walking in sneakers as the transport mechanism. Alternative terms may be floppy net, train net, or pigeon net.
An order of magnitude is usually a factor of ten. Thus, four orders of magnitude is a factor of 10,000 or 104.
Density is a measure of the quantity of information bits that can be stored on a given length of track, area of the surface, or in a given volume of a computer storage medium. Generally, higher density is more desirable, for it allows more data to be stored in the same physical space. Density therefore has a direct relationship to storage capacity of a given medium. Density also generally affects the performance within a particular medium, as well as price.
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QFS is a filesystem from Oracle. It is tightly integrated with SAM, the Storage and Archive Manager, and hence is often referred to as SAM-QFS. SAM provides the functionality of a hierarchical storage manager.
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Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a cloud computing service model by means of which computing resources are supplied by a cloud services provider. The IaaS vendor provides the storage, network, servers, and virtualization (which mostly refers, in this case, to emulating computer hardware). This service enables users to free themselves from maintaining an on-premises data center. The IaaS provider is hosting these resources in either the public cloud (meaning users share the same hardware, storage, and network devices with other users), the private cloud (meaning users do not share these resources), or the hybrid cloud (combination of both).
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