Peter Palese

Peter Palese
Born	(1944-04-15) 15 April 1944 (age 81)
Nationality	American
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Awards	Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2000) Robert Koch Prize (2006) European Virology Award (2010) Member of the National Academy of Medicine (2012) Lifetime Achievement Award for Scientific Contributions, Institute of Human Virology (2017)
Scientific career
Fields	Microbiology Virology
Institutions	Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Doctoral advisor	Hans Tuppy
Doctoral students	Vincent Racaniello

Peter Palese is a United States microbiologist, researcher, inventor and the Horace W. Goldsmith Professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, ^[1] and an expert in the field of RNA viruses. ^[2]

Palese is the author of multiple book chapters and more than 500 scientific publications. He is also on the editorial board for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). He has been awarded multiple patents on viral vaccines and antivirals. ^[3]

Biography

His primary schooling consisted of Greek and Latin and very little modern science. ^[4] He later developed his interest in science at the University of Vienna, where he received his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1969 and his M.S. in pharmacy in 1970. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology from 1970 until 1971 when he joined the Department of Microbiology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as an assistant professor. ^{[1] [5]}

Research

Palese's research covers RNA-containing viruses with a particular focus on influenza viruses/vaccines. ^[6]

He built "the first genetic maps for influenza A, B and C viruses, identified the function of several viral genes, defined the mechanism of neuraminidase inhibitors (which are now FDA-approved antivirals) and "pioneered the field of reverse genetics for negative-strand RNA viruses". ^[7] Furtherance of this technique has been used by Palese and his colleagues in reconstructing and studying the pathogenicity of the extinct but deadly 1918 pandemic influenza virus. ^[8] Reverse genetics is also instrumental in developing new influenza viruses/vaccines.

When viruses infect cells, they respond with antiviral interferons -- Palese and Adolfo García-Sastre showed that most negative-strand RNA viruses counteract that antiviral response with protein antagonists to interferons. His work on "fundamental questions concerning the genetic make-up and biology of viruses" and virus-host interactions "uses molecular biological techniques to understand how viruses replicate and how they interact with cells to cause disease in their hosts", with emphasis on "the study of RNA viruses, including influenza, paramyxo and corona (SARS) viruses". ^{[1] [9]} He developed a new animal model (the guinea pig) for studying the transmission of influenza viruses. ^[10] Palese has been involved in developing novel vaccines against influenza viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Several of these vaccine approaches have been in human trials. Also, an anti-cancer vaccine based on a Newcastle disease virus vector has been tested in humans.

As of 2022, Palese and his team are working on creating a universal influenza virus vaccine, and SARS-CoV-2, specifically for low and middle-income countries. ^[11]

Patents

Palese is named on 73 patents on Pubchem. As of 2023, recent patents include:

NAME	DATE GRANTED	PATENT NUMBER
Anti-Influenza B Virus Neuraminidase Antibodies And Uses Thereof	02/22/2022	11,254,733 [12]
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins And Uses Thereof	03/08/2022	11,266,734 [13]
Influenza Virus Vaccination Regimens	08/11/2020	10,736,956 [14]
Influenza Virus Vaccines And Uses Thereof	03/10/2020	10,583,188 [15]
Antibodies Against Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin And Uses Thereof	01/28/2020	10,544,207 [16]

Memberships, honors and awards

Palese is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (2000), the National Academy of Medicine (IOM) (2012), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (2002) and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (2006). In 2014, he was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the National Academy of Inventors. He has served the presidencies of the Harvey Society from 2003 to 2004 and the American Society of Virology from 2005 to 2006. He received honorary doctorates from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (2006), Baylor College of Medicine (2014), and McMaster University (2016).

• Robert Koch Prize (2006). ^[17]
• Charles C. Shepard Science Award (2006 and 2008). ^[18]
• Wilhelm Exner Medal (2007). ^[19]
• European Virology Award (EVA) (2010). ^[20]
• Sanofi – Institut Pasteur Award (2012).
• Beijerinck Virology Prize from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (2015). ^[21]
• Maurice Hilleman/Merck Award from American Society for Microbiology (2016). ^[22]
• Lifetime Achievement Award for Scientific Contributions, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (2017) ^[23]
• Drexel Prize in Translational Medicine (2017) ^{[24] [25]}

Publications

Books and chapters

• Palese, P., Roizman, B., eds. Genetic Variation of Viruses. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences; 1980. ISBN   0897660986
• Palese, P., Kingsbury, D.W., eds. Genetics of Influenza Viruses. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1983. ISBN   978-3-7091-8706-7 , 978-3-7091-8708-1
• Palese, P., Roizman, B., eds. Genetic Engineering of Viruses and Viral Vectors. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences; 1997. ^[26]
• Basler, C., Palese, P. Modulation of Innate Immunity by Filoviruses. In: Klenk, H., Feldmann, H., eds. Ebola and Marburg Viruses, Molecular and Cellular Biology. Chap 11. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers; 2004:305-50. ISBN   0954523237
• Palese, P., ed. Modulation of Host Gene Expression and Innate Immunity by Viruses. The Netherlands: Springer; 2005. ISBN   1402032412
• Taubenberger, J.K., Palese, P. The Origin and Virulence of the 1918 Spanish Influenza Virus. In: Kawaoka, Y., ed. Influenza Virology Current Topics. Wymondham, UK: Caister Academic Press; 2006. ISBN   978-1-904455-06-6
• Shaw, M.L. and Palese, P. Orthomyxoviruses: Molecular Biology. In: Mahy, B.W.J. and Van Regenmortel, M.H.V., eds. Encyclopedia of Virology, 3rd ed. Oxford: Elsevier; 2008:483-489. ISBN   0123739357
• Hayden, F.G., Palese, P. Influenza Virus. In: Richman, D.D., Whitley, R.J., Hayden, F.G., eds. Clinical Virology. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2009:943-976. ISBN   978-1-683-67407-8
• Kopecky-Bromberg, S.A., Palese, P. Recombinant Vectors as Influenza Vaccines. In: Compans, R.W., Orenstein, W.A., eds. Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg; 2009:243-268. ISBN   978-3-540-92164-6
• Pica, N., Palese, P. and Steel, J. Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccines: NS1 Truncation as an Approach to Virus Attenuation. In: Dormitzer, P.R., Mandl, C.W. and Rappuoli, R., eds. Replicating Vaccines. Basel: Springer; 2011:195-221. ISBN   3034602766
• Pica, N. and Palese, P. Toward a Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine: Prospects and Challenges. In: Annual Review of Medicine. 2013:15-28. ^[27]
• Palese, P. Influenza and Its Viruses. In: Engleberg, N.C., DiRita, V., Dermody, T.S., eds. Schaechter's Mechanisms of Microbial Disease, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013: chapter 36. ISBN   978-0-7817-8744-4
• Krammer, F. and Palese, P. Orthomyxoviridae: The Viruses and their Replication. In: Knipe, D.M., Howley, P.M. et al., eds. Fields Virology, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2021. ISBN   978-1-9751-1254-7

Articles

According to Scinapse, as of 2023, Palese has an h-Index of 123, 506 publications and 52,000 citations. ^[28]

Partial list of peer-reviewed articles:

• Palese, P. (1977). "The genes of influenza virus". Cell. 10 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(77)90133-7. PMID   837439. S2CID   6562438.
• Buonagurio, D. A.; Nakada, S.; Parvin, J. D.; Krystal, M.; Palese, P.; Fitch, W. M. (1986). "Evolution of human influenza a viruses over 50 years: Rapid, uniform rate of change in NS gene". Science. 232 (4753): 980–982. Bibcode:1986Sci...232..980B. doi:10.1126/science.2939560. PMID   2939560.
• Luytjes, W.; Krystal, M.; Enami, M.; Parvin, J. D.; Palese, P. (1989). "Amplification, expression, and packaging of foreign gene by influenza virus". Cell. 59 (6): 1107–1113. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90766-6. PMID   2598262. S2CID   251545.
• Enami, M.; Luytjes, W.; Krystal, M.; Palese, P. (1990). "Introduction of site-specific mutations into the genome of influenza virus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (10): 3802–3805. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.3802E. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.10.3802 . PMC   53991 . PMID   2339122.
• Fitch, W. M.; Leiter, J. M.; Li, X. Q.; Palese, P. (1991). "Positive Darwinian evolution in human influenza a viruses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (10): 4270–4274. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.4270F. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4270 . PMC   51640 . PMID   1840695.
• García-Sastre, A.; Egorov, A.; Matassov, D.; Brandt, S.; Levy, D. E.; Durbin, J. E.; Palese, P.; Muster, T. (1998). "Influenza a virus lacking the NS1 gene replicates in interferon-deficient systems". Virology. 252 (2): 324–330. doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9508 . PMID   9878611.
• Fodor, E.; Devenish, L.; Engelhardt, O. G.; Palese, P.; Brownlee, G. G.; García-Sastre, A. (1999). "Rescue of Influenza a Virus from Recombinant DNA". Journal of Virology. 73 (11): 9679–9682. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.11.9679-9682.1999. PMC   113010 . PMID   10516084.
• Talon, J.; Salvatore, M.; O'Neill, R. E.; Nakaya, Y.; Zheng, H.; Muster, T.; García-Sastre, A.; Palese, P. (2000). "Influenza a and B viruses expressing altered NS1 proteins: A vaccine approach". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (8): 4309–4314. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4309T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.070525997 . PMC   18238 . PMID   10725408.
• Tumpey, T. M.; Basler, C. F.; Aguilar, P. V.; Zeng, H.; Solórzano, A.; Swayne, D. E.; Cox, N. J.; Katz, J. M.; Taubenberger, J. K.; Palese, P.; García-Sastre, A. (2005). "Characterization of the Reconstructed 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic Virus". Science. 310 (5745): 77–80. Bibcode:2005Sci...310...77T. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.418.9059 . doi:10.1126/science.1119392. PMID   16210530. S2CID   14773861.
• Lowen, A. C.; Mubareka, S.; Tumpey, T. M.; García-Sastre, A.; Palese, P. (2006). "The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (26): 9988–9992. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.9988L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0604157103 . PMC   1502566 . PMID   16785447.
• Zamarin, D.; Ortigoza, M. B.; Palese, P. (2006). "Influenza a Virus PB1-F2 Protein Contributes to Viral Pathogenesis in Mice". Journal of Virology. 80 (16): 7976–7983. doi:10.1128/JVI.00415-06. PMC   1563817 . PMID   16873254.
• König, R.; Stertz, S.; Zhou, Y.; Inoue, A.; Hoffmann, H. -H.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Alamares, J. G.; Tscherne, D. M.; Ortigoza, M. B.; Liang, Y.; Gao, Q.; Andrews, S. E.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; De Jesus, P.; Tu, B. P.; Pache, L.; Shih, C.; Orth, A.; Bonamy, G.; Miraglia, L.; Ideker, T.; García-Sastre, A.; Young, J. A. T.; Palese, P.; Shaw, M. L.; Chanda, S. K. (2010). "Human Host Factors Required for Influenza Virus Replication". Nature. 463 (7282): 813–817. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..813K. doi:10.1038/nature08699. PMC   2862546 . PMID   20027183.
• Wang, T. T.; Tan, G. S.; Hai, R.; Pica, N.; Petersen, E.; Moran, T. M.; Palese, P. (2010). m. Fouchier, Ron A. (ed.). "Broadly Protective Monoclonal Antibodies against H3 Influenza Viruses following Sequential Immunization with Different Hemagglutinins". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (2) e1000796. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000796 . PMC   2829068 . PMID   20195520.
• Steel, J.; Lowen, A. C.; Wang, T. T.; Yondola, M.; Gao, Q.; Haye, K.; Garcia-Sastre, A.; Palese, P. (2010). "Influenza Virus Vaccine Based on the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk Domain". mBio. 1 (1): e00018 –e00010. doi:10.1128/mBio.00018-10. PMC   2912658 . PMID   20689752.
• Wang, T. T.; Tan, G. S.; Hai, R.; Pica, N.; Ngai, L.; Ekiert, D. C.; Wilson, I. A.; Garcia-Sastre, A.; Moran, T. M.; Palese, P. (2010). "Vaccination with a synthetic peptide from the influenza virus hemagglutinin provides protection against distinct viral subtypes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (44): 18979–18984. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10718979W. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1013387107 . PMC   2973924 . PMID   20956293.
• Palese, P. (2012). "Don't censor life-saving science". Nature. 481 (7380): 115. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..115P. doi: 10.1038/481115a . PMID   22237069.

References

1. "Mount Sinai School of Medicine – Peter Palese" . Retrieved March 4, 2011.
2. Tyson, Peter (September 9, 2009). "The Evolving Flu". NOVA. PBS.org. Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
3. "Patentdocs" . Retrieved March 4, 2011.
4. TWiV 396: Influenza viruses with Peter Palese, July 3, 2016.
5. "Robert-Koch-Stiftung – Lebensläufe der Preisträger" . Retrieved March 4, 2011.
6. "PNAS Member Editor Details". nrc88.nas.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
7. "Mount Sinai School of Medicine – Meet the Chair" . Retrieved March 23, 2011.
8. Lipchitz, Rebecca (September 28, 2005). "Lessons learned from the influenza pandemic of 1918". BU Today. Boston University. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
9. "Vivaldi Biosciences, Inc" . Retrieved March 4, 2011.
10. Knox, Richard (May 8, 2009). "Flu Heads South for the Winter" . Retrieved March 8, 2011.
11. "Peter Palese Ph.D." La Jolla Institute for Immunology. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
12. "Anti-Influenza B Virus neuraminidase antibodies and uses thereof". Justia Patents.
13. "US Patent Application for INFLUENZA VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEINS AND USES THEREOF Patent Application (Application #20220257749 issued August 18, 2022) - Justia Patents Search". patents.justia.com. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
14. "US Patent for Influenza virus vaccination regimens Patent (Patent # 10,736,956 issued August 11, 2020) - Justia Patents Search". patents.justia.com. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
15. "US Patent for Influenza virus vaccines and uses thereof Patent (Patent # 10,583,188 issued March 10, 2020) - Justia Patents Search". patents.justia.com. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
16. "US Patent for Antibodies against influenza virus hemagglutinin and uses thereof Patent (Patent # 10,544,207 issued January 28, 2020) - Justia Patents Search". patents.justia.com. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
17. "Springer Science & Business Media" . Retrieved March 4, 2011.
18. "ContraFect Corp. Scientific Board – Unprecedented expertise in the study of Influenza and other infectious diseases". Archived from the original on January 20, 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
19. Editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.
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21. "Site Web Institut Pasteur - the 4 Award Winners 2012". Archived from the original on 2013-03-20. Retrieved 2015-02-12.
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23. "IHV2017 | University of Maryland School of Medicine". www.ihv.org. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
24. "IMMID International Symposium". College of Medicine. 2018-12-12. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
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26. Palese, P; Roizman, B (1996-10-15). "Genetic engineering of viruses and of virus vectors: a preface". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 93 (21) 11287. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9311287P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11287 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   38049 . PMID   8876127.
27. Pica, Natalie; Palese, Peter (2013-01-14). "Toward a Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine: Prospects and Challenges". Annual Review of Medicine. 64 (1): 189–202. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-120611-145115 . ISSN   0066-4219. PMID   23327522.
28. "Peter Palese". Scinapse. Retrieved 2023-03-02.

External links

• The Mount Sinai Hospital homepage
• The Mount Sinai School of Medicine homepage
• The Palese Laboratory at the Mount Sinai Medical Center
• Swine flu discussion with Dr. Peter Palese on Give and Take with Julie Menin
• A roundtable discussion about the avian flu. Laurie Garrett, Harvey V. Fineberg, Peter Palese and Paul Nurse on Charlie Rose , March 22, 2008.
• Swine Flu: H1N1 Interview with Dr. Peter Palese on 60 Minutes
• TWiV 396: Influenza viruses with Peter Palese, July 3, 2016. Interview with Vincent Racaniello on his career in virology, from early work on neuraminidases to universal influenza virus vaccines.