Philip Gorski | |
---|---|
Born | 1963 (age 60–61) |
Academic background | |
Education | Deep Springs College (AA) Harvard University (BA) University of California, Berkeley (PhD) |
Doctoral advisor | Robert Neelly Bellah |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Sociologist |
Institutions | University of Wisconsin,Madison Yale University |
Main interests | Sociology of religion,historical sociology |
Notable works | The Disciplinary Revolution |
Website | philipgorski |
Philip Stephen Gorski (born 1963) is an American sociologist,interested in both the sociology of religion and historical sociology.
Gorski gained an A.A. from Deep Springs College in 1983,his B.A. from Harvard in 1986. and his Ph.D. from the University of California,Berkeley,in 1996. [1] His advisor was sociologist of religion Robert Neelly Bellah. He worked at the University of Wisconsin,Madison from 1996 until joining Yale University in 2007,where he became co-director of the Center for Comparative Research alongside Julia Adams. [2]
Gorski has written or co-authored four books, [1] edited or co-edited four books,and published numerous articles. He was one of the editors of the journal Sociological Theory . [3] In 2011 he was awarded the Lewis A. Coser Memorial Award for Theoretical Agenda Setting by the Theory Section of the American Sociological Association. [4]
In his 2003 book,The Disciplinary Revolution:Calvinism and the Rise of the State in Early Modern Europe, [5] Gorski offers a new explanation for the rise of a strong,centralized nation-state in certain areas of Europe in early Modernity,when other areas were not so successful.[ citation needed ] Gorski rejects[ citation needed ] two of the dominant explanations,which are the bellicist explanation,which sees military growth as key to the emergence of strong states,and the neo-Marxist explanation,which sees economic factors as key to the explanation. Instead,Gorski points to the strong influence of religion in the formation of strong states. Specifically,Gorski sees Calvinism as crucial to the emergence of the Netherlands and Prussia as strong,centralized states,because of its emphasis on discipline and public order.
The effects of Calvinism could be seen in social welfare,crime rates,in education,in military effectiveness,in financial responsibility,and many other parts of Dutch and Prussian social life,all of which increased their ability to form bureaucratic states. [6] Where in the Netherlands the effect of Calvinism was from the ground upward,as most of its population was indeed Calvinist,in Prussia—where most of the population was Lutheran and only the royal house was Calvinist—the effect was from the rulers downward (to some extent through the Pietist Lutheran movement,which was influenced by Calvinism).[ citation needed ]
With co-author,Samuel L. Perry,in 2022,Gorski traced a history of white Christian nationalism from the late seventeenth century to contemporary times,in order to demonstrate its previously unrealized influence upon democracy,violence,responses to the COVID-19 pandemic,the USA election of 2020,and the 2021 insurrection at the USA Capitol in Washington,D.C. The thesis of the book,The Flag and the Cross:White Christian Nationalism and the Threat to American Democracy,is that the ethno-nationalism of white Christian nationalism works in concert with Christian libertarianism by combining white Christian nationalism with white Christian individualism and,that recognition of that influence is supported by data published contemporaneously. [7] The extent of the threat to American democracy is examined.
Reformed Christianity,also called Calvinism,is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation,a schism in the Western Church. In the modern day,it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed,Presbyterian,and Congregational traditions,as well as parts of the Anglican and Baptist traditions.
Sociology of religion is the study of the beliefs,practices and organizational forms of religion using the tools and methods of the discipline of sociology. This objective investigation may include the use both of quantitative methods and of qualitative approaches.
Talcott Parsons was an American sociologist of the classical tradition,best known for his social action theory and structural functionalism. Parsons is considered one of the most influential figures in sociology in the 20th century. After earning a PhD in economics,he served on the faculty at Harvard University from 1927 to 1973. In 1930,he was among the first professors in its new sociology department. Later,he was instrumental in the establishment of the Department of Social Relations at Harvard.
Political sociology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with exploring how governance and society interact and influence one another at the micro to macro levels of analysis. Interested in the social causes and consequences of how power is distributed and changes throughout and amongst societies,political sociology's focus ranges across individual families to the state as sites of social and political conflict and power contestation.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is a book written by Max Weber,a German sociologist,economist,and politician. It began as a series of essays,the original German text was composed in 1904 and '05,and was translated into English for the first time by American sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1930. It is considered a founding text in economic sociology and a milestone contribution to sociological thought in general.
The Protestant work ethic,also known as the Calvinist work ethic or the Puritan work ethic,is a work ethic concept in sociology,economics,and history. It emphasizes that a person's subscription to the values espoused by the Protestant faith,particularly Calvinism,result in diligence,discipline,and frugality.
Ernst Peter Wilhelm Troeltsch was a German liberal Protestant theologian,a writer on the philosophy of religion and the philosophy of history,and a classical liberal politician. He was a member of the history of religions school. His work was a synthesis of a number of strands,drawing on Albrecht Ritschl,Max Weber's conception of sociology,and the Baden school of neo-Kantianism.
Sociology as a scholarly discipline emerged,primarily out of Enlightenment thought,as a positivist science of society shortly after the French Revolution. Its genesis owed to various key movements in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of knowledge,arising in reaction to such issues as modernity,capitalism,urbanization,rationalization,secularization,colonization and imperialism.
Charles Tilly was an American sociologist,political scientist,and historian who wrote on the relationship between politics and society. He was a professor of history,sociology,and social science at the University of Michigan from 1969 to 1984 before becoming the Joseph L. Buttenwieser Professor of Social Science at Columbia University.
The Merton thesis is an argument about the nature of early experimental science proposed by Robert K. Merton. Similar to Max Weber's famous claim on the link between Protestant work ethic and the capitalist economy,Merton argued for a similar positive correlation between the rise of Protestant Pietism and early experimental science. The Merton thesis has resulted in continuous debates.
Christian nationalism is a form of religious nationalism that is affiliated with Christianity. It primarily focuses on the internal politics of society,such as legislating civil and criminal laws that reflect its adherents' view of Christianity and the role of religion in political and social life.
American civil religion is a sociological theory that a nonsectarian religious faith exists within the United States with sacred symbols drawn from national history. Scholars have portrayed it as a common set of values that foster social and cultural integration. The ritualistic elements of ceremonial deism found in American ceremonies and presidential invocations of God can be seen as expressions of the American civil religion.
Reformed Christianity originated with the Reformation in Switzerland when Huldrych Zwingli began preaching what would become the first form of the Reformed doctrine in Zürich in 1519.
Comparative historical research is a method of social science that examines historical events in order to create explanations that are valid beyond a particular time and place,either by direct comparison to other historical events,theory building,or reference to the present day. Generally,it involves comparisons of social processes across times and places. It overlaps with historical sociology. While the disciplines of history and sociology have always been connected,they have connected in different ways at different times. This form of research may use any of several theoretical orientations. It is distinguished by the types of questions it asks,not the theoretical framework it employs.
Economy and Society:An Outline of Interpretive Sociology is a book by political economist and sociologist Max Weber,published posthumously in Germany by his wife Marianne. Alongside The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905),it is considered to be one of Weber's most important works. Extremely broad in scope,the book covers numerous themes including religion,economics,politics,public administration,and sociology. A complete translation of the work was not published in English until 1968.
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society,human social behavior,patterns of social relationships,social interaction,and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. Regarded as a part of both the social sciences and humanities,sociology uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order and social change. Sociological subject matter ranges from micro-level analyses of individual interaction and agency to macro-level analyses of social systems and social structure. Applied sociological research may be applied directly to social policy and welfare,whereas theoretical approaches may focus on the understanding of social processes and phenomenological method.
Social revolutions are sudden changes in the structure and nature of society. These revolutions are usually recognized as having transformed society,economy,culture,philosophy,and technology along with but more than just the political systems.
Protestant culture refers to the cultural practices that have developed within Protestantism. Although the founding Protestant Reformation was a religious movement,it also had a strong impact on all other aspects of life:marriage and family,education,the humanities and sciences,the political and social order,the economy,and the arts.
Modernization theory is the predominant explanation for the emergence of nationalism among scholars of nationalism. Prominent modernization scholars,such as Benedict Anderson,Ernest Gellner and Eric Hobsbawn,say nationalism arose with modernization during the late 18th century. Processes that lead to the emergence of nationalism include industrialization and democratic revolutions.
Samuel L. Perry is an American sociologist known for his research on American Christianity,politics,and sexual behavior. He is currently the Sam K. Viersen Presidential Professor of Sociology at the University of Oklahoma. The topics of Perry’s books and articles have included American evangelicals and their social engagement,Christian nationalism,moral incongruence and religious responses to pornography use,religion and interracial marriage,Christian adoption and foster care,and English Bible translations.